Physiology & Pharmacology
Bahram Farhadi Moghaddam; Masoud Fereidoni
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 116-122
Abstract
Introduction: Many investigations revealed that the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes brain damages and cognitive impairments. On the other hand, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is one of the important vitamin K2 types that has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, ...
Read More
Introduction: Many investigations revealed that the inflammatory process induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion causes brain damages and cognitive impairments. On the other hand, Menaquinone-4 (MK-4) is one of the important vitamin K2 types that has anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of administration of MK-4 on the level of gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines following global ischemia/reperfusion in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In this research, 20 adult male Wistar rats (250-300 g) were randomly selected in 5 experimental groups and studied: control (intact), sham (surgery without carotid artery occlusion), ischemia/reperfusion, ischemia/reperfusion + intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of DMSO as MK-4 solvent, treatment (ischemia/reperfusion + i.p. injection of MK-4). For induction ischemic model, common carotid occlusion was performed for 20 minutes. In the treatment group i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg MK-4 was done 20 minutes after obstruction (immediately and 2 hours after reperfusion). 24 hours after reperfusion, mRNA expression level of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assessed. Results: I.p. administration of MK-4 could significantly decrease mRNA expression level of TNF-α (p < 1.15), IL-1β and IL-6 (p < 0.001) induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that MK-4 administration following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion could diminish the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and maybe cause neuroprotective effects. Received.
Mokhtar Nasirifarsani; Mona Sarhadi; Farzaneh Rahmani; Kiana Hasanzadeh
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 339-345
Abstract
Background: In previous studies, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were shown to increase after physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different carbohydrate-protein supplementation ratio on plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 after high-intensity exercise ...
Read More
Background: In previous studies, pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were shown to increase after physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different carbohydrate-protein supplementation ratio on plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 after high-intensity exercise in healthy young females. Materials and Methods: Twenty seven volunteer females aged 20-25 year divided into three groups: 1-placebo, 2- carbohydrate-protein (3:1), and carbohydrate-protein (4:1). After 12 h fasting, subjects have standard breakfast and then completed anaerobic test at 10 AM. Subjects received one of supplementations pre-, post-, and 2 h after test. Blood samples were taken before, immediately and 2 h after exercise. Data were analyzed by MANOVA and repeated measure ANOVA. Statistical significance was accepted at the 0.05 level. Results: IL-6 and IL-10 increased significantly after test and then 2 hours after test IL-6 decreased and IL-10 remained high in all groups. IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines didn’t differ between groups. Although, IL-10 was higher and IL-6 was lower in carbohydrate-protein (4:1) group than placebo group at two hours after exercise but those were not statistically significant. Conclusion: carbohydrate-protein (4:1 ratio) supplementation resulted to some extent in improvements in cytokine responses at 2 hours after high-intensity exercise test.