Physiology & Pharmacology
Roya Kaveh; Mohammad Amin Edalatmanesh
Volume 29, Issue 2 , July and August 2022, , Pages 268-280
Abstract
Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced excitotoxicity leads to oxidative stress in different areas of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) on amelioration of short-term and long-term memory and oxidative stress parameters in MSG-treated ...
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Introduction: Monosodium glutamate (MSG) induced excitotoxicity leads to oxidative stress in different areas of the brain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 (Co-Q10) on amelioration of short-term and long-term memory and oxidative stress parameters in MSG-treated rats.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including control, MSG, MSG + Q10-10 and MSG + Q10-20. MSG gavage (4 mg / kg) and coenzyme Q10 injection at doses of 10 and 20 mg / kg (intraperitoneally; i.p.) were performed for 4 weeks. Then, short-term working memory was assessed using the Y maze and long-term avoidance memory was performed with the shuttle box. Hippocampal level of catalase (CAT) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined by ELISA method and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was determined by thiobarbituric acid method.Results: In MSG group, there was a significant decrease in alteration behavior, increased latency time to the dark room of the shuttle box, decreased CAT, TAC expression and increased MDA compared to the control group (p <0.05). While in the Q10 treated groups, there was an increase in working and avoidance memory, an increase in CAT and TAC expression and a decrease in MDA in the hippocampus compared to the MSG group (p˂0.05).Conclusion: It seems that Co-Q10 ameliorates MSG induced neurotoxicity and cognitive symptoms through preventing oxidative stress in the hippocampus.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Najmea Farhadi; Davood Mehrabani; Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini; seyede sara hashemi
Volume 28, Issue 5 , November and December 2021, , Pages 814-825
Abstract
Introduction: Cannabis is psychoactive substance that is abused by millions of people the world. Due to the high consumption of this substance among young people of reproductive age, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of cannabis on the growth of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells(msc) ...
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Introduction: Cannabis is psychoactive substance that is abused by millions of people the world. Due to the high consumption of this substance among young people of reproductive age, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of cannabis on the growth of endometrial mesenchymal stem cells(msc) derived from rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, msc were extracted from the endometrium of rats and after culturing and confirming the mesenchymal nature of the cells by flowcytometry and by expressingCD34 and CD90 and not expressingCD105 markers,in the third passage of cell culture, the effects of cannabis in concentration of100and1000ng/ml were calculated on the growth of these cells within1to8days and the results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tuki tests.Results: Cells isolated from the endometrium adhered to the floor of the cell culture flask24hours after transfer. The mesenchymal nature of these cells was confirmed by the expression of CD90, CD105and non-expression of CD34markers.The results ofcell counts also showed the growth of cells treated with cannabis until the third day of treatment similar to the control group. From the fourth day in the treatment group with a dose of100ng/ml cannabis increased significantly top<0.05and in the treatment group with a dose of1000ng/ml. Third, there was significant decrease compared to the control group and from the fourth day, significant increase was observed atp<0.05.Conclusion: The results showed that the cells isolated from the endometrium were of the msc, and that cannabis probably stimulated the growth of these cells through cannabinoid receptors.
Physical Education
Mehdi Zarei; Rahim Golmohammadi; Elham Iziy; Seyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 165-172
Abstract
Introduction: There has been no report on the effect of epilepsy on liver enzymes and lipoproteins and its changes following exercisetraining in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male rats were placed in 7 groups. An intact group, three groups ...
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Introduction: There has been no report on the effect of epilepsy on liver enzymes and lipoproteins and its changes following exercisetraining in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male rats were placed in 7 groups. An intact group, three groups of Kindle and three groups of non-Kindle who received PTZ or normal saline injections every 48 hours until the animals were kindled. 24 hours after Kindling, blood samples were collected in intact group and two groups of Kindle and non-Kindle. One Kindle group and one non-Kindle group from the remaining four groups performed aerobic exercise for six weeks, and the other two groups were inactive for six weeks. Blood were collected 24 hours after the 6-week period, and were compared with control groups. Results: After 4 weeks of Kindling period, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, liver enzymes (P <0.001) and antigenic coefficient (P <0.01) increased significantly in the epileptic group. After six weeks of aerobic exercise in Kindle animals; Triglycerides (P <0.001), liver enzymes (P <0.01) and antigenic coefficients significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein significantly increased (P <0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole improved lipid profile impairement and increased liver enzymes caused by epilepsy.
Anatomy, Histologyو Embryology
Rahmat allah Fatahian Dehkordi; Kazem Norouzi; Saeed Habibian dehkordi
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 30-38
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels and defects in insulin production and function. Contamination of food and the environment with lead can worsen the condition of diabetics. This study investigated the effect of thiamine on the small intestinal histomorphology of alloxan-induced ...
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Introduction: Diabetes is characterized by high blood glucose levels and defects in insulin production and function. Contamination of food and the environment with lead can worsen the condition of diabetics. This study investigated the effect of thiamine on the small intestinal histomorphology of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods: In this interventional study, 63 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 9 groups. Three groups of animals were considered as control group (A), thiamine+lead 200 (H) and thiamine+lead 1000 (I). Lead in ppm and acetate form was added to drinking water. The other groups became diabetic via alloxan at a dose of 200 mg/kg. Group B: diabetic mice; Group C: Diabetic mice receiving thiamine; Groups D and E of diabetic mice receiving lead 200 and 1000 were named. Mice in groups F and G received 200 and 1000 ppm of thiamine and lead. Thiamine was used daily and peritoneal with 70 mg/kg dose. On the 29th day, histotechnique was performed on small intestine samples and their histomorphometry was examined. Result: Histomophometry of intestinal structure in mice receiving untreated lead in diabetic group showed a significant increase compared to healthy mice. However, these parameters did not show a significant difference in lead-receiving diabetic rats treated with thiamine compared to the control group. The thiamin improved insulin secretion and reduced turbulence in villi´s of small intestine and improve size of muscular layer in digestive lumen. Conclusion: Probably the antioxidant compound in the thiamin can reduce some complications of lead acetate in diabetic patients.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Marziyeh Fallahi; Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 348-353
Abstract
Background & aim:Of different parts of Walnut plant in traditional diseases treatment such as diabetes are used. Given role of stresses in diabetes and chemical drugs’ side-effects in treating this disease, this study aimed to investigate alcoholic effects of walnut leaves extract on lipid ...
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Background & aim:Of different parts of Walnut plant in traditional diseases treatment such as diabetes are used. Given role of stresses in diabetes and chemical drugs’ side-effects in treating this disease, this study aimed to investigate alcoholic effects of walnut leaves extract on lipid profile in adult male rats’ diabetes with swimming stress was performed.methods: This experimental study on 50 male rats matured divided into 5 groups: control, diabetic, diabetic treated with walnut leaves (200mg/kg), diabetes with swimming stress in water 15°C, diabetic treated with swimming stress and walnut leaves was done. The end, after 21 days injecting, weighing, and phlebotomizing rats, triglycerides serum levels, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were measured and data using SPSS-18 software, ANOVA and Tukey were analyzed, so the significant data difference P
Physical Education
Ghader Rahimzadeh; Mohammadali Azarbaijani; Hassan Matin homaei
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 161-170
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation ...
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AbstractBackground: Today, the use of supplements and herbal extracts has been widely used to prevent exercise induced apoptosis and improve exercise training adaptations. Thus, the present study examined the effect of the 12 weeks aerobic training with Origanum vulgare ethanolic Extract supplementation on the myocardial apoptosis in young male rats.Methods: In this experimental study,40 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old)with an average(weight 129±17.86 in gr)randomly divided in five equal groups:basic(n=8),control(n=8),Origanum vulgare(n=8), aerobic training(n=8)and aerobic training-Origanum vulgare(n=8).The aerobic training and aerobic training - Origanum vulgare groups participated in a 12-week program (5 sessions of 10-60 minutes each week, with an intensity of 75-80% of maximum oxygen consumption) running on animal treadmill (15% incline and 24-33 m/s).Also,Origanum vulgare Ethanolic extract was used for supplementation.Forty-eight hours after the last exercise session,a part of the left venticular tissue of the heart was removed and expression of Bax,Bcl2 and caspase-9 proteins was investigated using RT-PCR method. Data were analyzed byTwo-way ANOVA test (P
Physiology & Pharmacology
Raha Zalkhani; Ahmad Ali Moazedi; Hossein Najafzadeh-varzi
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 195-201
Abstract
Background: Vitamins play an important role in the improvement of neurological diseases by reducing free radicals, therefore, in this study, the effect of combine therapy sodium valproate with vitamin C and E was evaluated on seizure in adult rat. Material and methods: 49 rats were divided to 7 groups ...
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Background: Vitamins play an important role in the improvement of neurological diseases by reducing free radicals, therefore, in this study, the effect of combine therapy sodium valproate with vitamin C and E was evaluated on seizure in adult rat. Material and methods: 49 rats were divided to 7 groups consisting of control group (saline: 1ml/kg (, sodium valproate groups (100 or 200 mg/kg sodium valproate), Vitamin C group (250 mg/kg), vitamin E group (100 mg/kg) and vitamin C or vitamin E with sodium valproate groups. The animals received a subcutaneous injection of strychnine for induction of convulsive seizures, 30 minutes after intraperitoneal administration of drugs or saline. Then convulsion onset time and death time and survival rate were recorded.Results: Sodium valproate with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg delayed the convulsion onset time and death time significantly compared to the control group and the survival rate was 36% and 100% respectively. The combination of sodium valproate and vitamin C significantly increased the time to start seizure and death time than the control group. Also the survival rate was 57%. The combination of sodium valproate and vitamin E increased the onset of seizure and the duration of death compared to the control group and 66% of the rats survived. Conclusion: The use of vitamin C and E with sodium valproate has a significant role in reducing seizure induced by strychnine in adult rat.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Fatemea Seyf; Seyed Ebrahim Hosseini
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 46-51
Abstract
Background:Memory and learning are one of the most complex brain functions and a mechanism for encoding, storing and recalling learned information. Due to the prevalence of learning disabilities, especially in older adults, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ...
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Background:Memory and learning are one of the most complex brain functions and a mechanism for encoding, storing and recalling learned information. Due to the prevalence of learning disabilities, especially in older adults, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile on avoidance memory levels in rats. Materials and Methods:In this experimental study, 48 adult male rats were divided into 6 groups: control, control 1 (treatment with normal saline) and control 2 (Shuttle Box) and three experimental groups receiving 200,100, and 400 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of chamomile by intraperitoneal injections. All of them were prescribed for 15 days. In this study, the Shuttle Box was used to measure memory and learning. The latency of entering and the time of remaining in a dark chamber of the Shuttle Box were recorded. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using the SPSS-22 software. Results:The significance level of data was considered as p≤0.05. The results showed that doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg chamomile extract significantly increased the latency of entering the dark chamber and also doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg chamomile extract significantly reduced the time of remaining in the dark chamber of the Shuttle Box in the remembering phase at the level of P≤0.001 compared to the control group. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that chamomile extract strengthens avoidance memory in rats. This effect is probably due to flavonoids, antioxidants and phytoestrogens.
immunology & Biochemistry
Farnosh Anoosha; Bagher Seyedalipour; Ali Taravati; Monireh Movahedi
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 649-658
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The toxicity of metals and their compounds is determined by their physicochemical properties. Thus, metals may compete for the biological binding sites and lead to incorrect function of biochemical macromolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate Ni NPs toxicity in ...
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Background & Objectives: The toxicity of metals and their compounds is determined by their physicochemical properties. Thus, metals may compete for the biological binding sites and lead to incorrect function of biochemical macromolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate Ni NPs toxicity in compared to Nickel chloride on liver enzyme activity and the histopathological changes of liver tissue in male wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rates were divided into six experimental groups and one control group and one sham group (n=6). Experimental groups received Ni NPs and nickel chloride with concentration of 5, 15 and 25 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of 7th day, blood and liver specimen was collected for analysis. Assay of the activity of liver enzyme and histopathological study were performed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Enzyme activities of AST and ALP in different doses of Ni NPs and nickel chloride and LDH activity in different doses of nickel chloride showed significant changes in the studied groups (p > 0.05). Histopathological study of liver were revealed dose dependent changes in rats treated with nickel chloride and nanoparticles compared to the control group. Some of the changes including necrosis, congestion, apoptosis and steatohepatitis was observed after exposure to different doses.Conclusion: Increasing of concentration liver enzymes and histopathological changes confirms the toxicity of Ni NPs and nickel chloride
Physiology & Pharmacology
faranak jafari; omid gholami; Akbar Pejhan; bahareh amin; Samad Nazemi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 546-554
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system are one of the major health problems and many people suffer from such diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of ...
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Background and Purpose: Chronic neuropathic pain caused by damage or disturbance of the functioning of the somatosensory system are one of the major health problems and many people suffer from such diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Umbelliprenin (UMB) on the symptoms of neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury model (CCI) of neuropathy in adult male rats.Materials and Methods: 24Wistar rats (250±20g) were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham, CCI and CCI+UMB (100μg/rat) groups. UMB was injected intrathecaly one day before surgery, and 3 days after surgery. Von Frey and Hot-Plate tests were performed one day before surgery and on days 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14 after surgery. The results were reported as mean and SEM (P
Physical Education
Maryam Shabani; Mohammad Sharafati Moghadam; Farhad Daryanoosh; Hamed Alizade Pahlavani
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 305-310
Abstract
Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial ...
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Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial tissue.Materials & Methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats 2 months with an average weight 180±20 were selected and randomly assigned divided into three groups, control (n=12), HIIT (n=12), and aerobic (n=12) groups; experimental group 5 days a week in accordance with their training program for 4 weeks to exercise. After 4 weeks, ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for analysis.Results: The results showed a no significant difference between the mean troponin T HIIT exercise and control groups. Troponin T is also a no significant difference between the Aerobic training and control groups.Conclusions: Based on the findings of troponin T in none of the groups had no significant change, It seems that exercise HIIT and Aerobic training with duration of 4 weeks do not damage the heart tissue.
Maryam Eidi; Elham Hajian; Hossein Abbaspour
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 63-69
Abstract
Background & Objectives:Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem. Kidney stones have different chemical components. Calcareous stones are still by far the most common nephroliths accounting to more than 80% of stones. In Iranian folk medicine, many plants are used for treatment of kidney stones. In the ...
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Background & Objectives:Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem. Kidney stones have different chemical components. Calcareous stones are still by far the most common nephroliths accounting to more than 80% of stones. In Iranian folk medicine, many plants are used for treatment of kidney stones. In the present study, effect oral treatment of Allium porrum L. seeds hydro-methanolic extract on number of calcium oxalate crystals was studied in ethylene glycol-induced kidney stone in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Hydro-methanolic extract of plant at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg were prepared. Crystallization of calcium oxalate was induced by adding ammonium chloride and ethylene glycol in drinking water for 3 and 35 days, respectively. Control group was treated by drinking water. Experimental groups were treated by plant extract at different doses for 35 days, in drinking water. After 38 days, animals were anesthetized by either and blood sampling was done by heart. Liver and left kidney were removed, weighted and put in buffered formaldehyde. Specimens were prepared for histological studies and stained by H&E staining method. Number of calcium oxalate crystals and serum parameters were measured.
Results: The present results showed that treatment of extract decreased kidney coefficient, number of crystals in kidney sections, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine levels, while increased serum total protein level in treated experimental animals in comparison with control group.
Conclusion: The plant could be as a good candidate to prevent formation of calcium oxalate crystals in kidney.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Fereshteh Iranmanesh; Amir Mousaei Amin; Amir Rahnama; Aliakbar Malaki Rad; Ali Shmasizadeh
Volume 24, Issue 3 , July and August 2017, , Pages 149-156
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The etiology of some liver diseases is unknown, but oxidative stress has an important role in liver pathogenesis. Pistachio (Pistacia Vera) has compounds with known antioxidant properties, including coenzyme 10, vitamin E and beta-carotene. This study designed to evaluate ...
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Background & Objectives: The etiology of some liver diseases is unknown, but oxidative stress has an important role in liver pathogenesis. Pistachio (Pistacia Vera) has compounds with known antioxidant properties, including coenzyme 10, vitamin E and beta-carotene. This study designed to evaluate protective effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of Pistacia Vera on liver enzymes following induction of hepatotoxicity.
Materials & methods: In this experimental study 40 male rats (200-250 g) were divided into five experimental groups. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was used to induce hepatic toxicity. In normal group, no intervention was done. Vehicle group received intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl4. Treatment groups were gavaged by three doses of Pistacia Vera hydro-alcoholic extract (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) for 1 month. Plasma activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total blood protein, plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured.
Results: Gavage of different doses of pistachio extract in rats poisoned by CCl4 leads to decrease in plasma activity of AST and ALT and also the plasma concentration of LDL, while the plasma activity of ALP and plasma concentration of total protein and HDL were not changed in these animals.
Conclusion: Result of this study demonstrated that chronic gavage of pistachio hydro-alcoholic extract could decrease hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4. More investigation is needed for possible clinical usage of pistachio on liver insufficiency.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Neda Moulaei; Mehdi Sadegh; Mohammad Reza Palizvan; Mahdieh Mondanizadeh; Narges-al-sadat Haeri
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 17-27
Abstract
Background & Objectives: According to the increasing opioids abuse between women and pathophysiological effects of chronic exposure of opioids on mothers which might indirectly affect their offspring, herein, consequences of chronic morphine consumption and its withdrawal before the gestation was ...
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Background & Objectives: According to the increasing opioids abuse between women and pathophysiological effects of chronic exposure of opioids on mothers which might indirectly affect their offspring, herein, consequences of chronic morphine consumption and its withdrawal before the gestation was investigated on spatial memory, avoidance memory and vulnerability to morphine intake in offspring of first generation.
Materials & Methods: Twelve female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Morphine mothers group received morphine solution (0.4 mg/ml) for two months. Control mothers group received tab water. One month after stopping morphine consumption, mating was occurred. After the parturition, offspring was divided in separated male and female groups and was used as the target groups of the study. Spatial memory through Water Maze, avoidance memory through Shuttle Box and vulnerability to morphine intake through voluntary consumption of morphine solution were investigated.
Results: Mean of morphine solution consumption in male and female offspring of morphine mothers was significantly higher in compare to male and female offspring of control mothers (P<0.05). Results of learning in Water Maze revealed that male offspring of morphine mothers significantly spent more time and distance to find the platform in compare with male offspring of control (P<0.01). Also, in retention test, male offspring of morphine mothers cross the location of platform significantly fewer than male offspring of control (P<0.001). There was no significant differences in avoidance learning between experimental groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study revealedchronic morphine consumption before the gestation causesdamage of spatial memory in male offspring and also increases vulnerability to opiate intake of male and female offspring.
Hamid Mohammad Sadeghi; Alireza Vahidi; Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani; Mansour Esmaeeli Dahej; Ali Aliabadi
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 281-289
Abstract
Background: Flavonoids accounted for the most of antidiabetic effects of heral medicines. The effects of Salvigenin, a flavonoids from salvia officinalis, were not reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of the flavonoid on biochemical indices and cardiac hemodynamic parameters of type 1 diabetic ...
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Background: Flavonoids accounted for the most of antidiabetic effects of heral medicines. The effects of Salvigenin, a flavonoids from salvia officinalis, were not reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of the flavonoid on biochemical indices and cardiac hemodynamic parameters of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: After extracting the herb, salvigenin was purified by extraction and silica gel column chromatography. Type 1 diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at dose of 70 mg/kg. The rats were allocated into 4 groups as follows: control group that received vehicle and treatments groups that received salvigenin at doses of 5, 10 or 25 mg/kg bodyweight for 30 days. Thereafter, blood samples were collected and fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, serum lipid profile and serum insulin level were measured. One way analysis of variances was used to assess significant differences between means of parameters between groups. Result: The obtained results implied that salvigenin can significantly reduce fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1cand serum lipid profile. In addition, serum insulin level and plasma HDL were significantly elevated in rats treated with salvigenin in compared to control rats.
Sepideh Tarbali; Shiva Khezri
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 815-822
Abstract
Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus ...
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Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to neurological diseases and has an important role in mood disorders such as depression. This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin D3 on improving depression was conducted in an experimental model of MS.
Materials and Methods: For demyelination induction, 2µl lysolecithin was injected streotaxically into the CA1 area of hippocampus in male rat. Animals treated with vitamin D3, received 5μg/kg vitamin D3 for 7, 14 and 21 days post lesion with intraperitoneal injection. The forced swimming test was applied to determine the depression.
Results: Administration of lysolecithin as the inducer of MS disease caused demyelination and depression. In lysolecithin treated animals the immobility time as an indicator of depression in the forced swimming test on 14 day and 21 day post lesion showed a significant increase compared to the control group. While the administration of vitamin D3 for 14 and 21 days caused improvement of depression compared to the group receiving lysolecithin alone.
Conclusion: It seems prescribing of vitamin D3 at dose of 5μg/kg can improve depression in an experimental model of MS. However, evaluation of effects of vitamin D3 on the depression in MS patients, requires much more extensive studies.
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini; Sara Hamzavi; Heidar Agh baba
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 557-564
Abstract
Background and purpose: Stress and anxiety as important and common disorders in humane societies can lead to many other diseases. Due to the relatively high side effects of tranquilizers and anti-anxiety chemicals, the tendency to use herbal medicines as a treatment for anxiety disorders is increasing. ...
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Background and purpose: Stress and anxiety as important and common disorders in humane societies can lead to many other diseases. Due to the relatively high side effects of tranquilizers and anti-anxiety chemicals, the tendency to use herbal medicines as a treatment for anxiety disorders is increasing. This study evaluated the effects of alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas on anxiety in elevated plus maze, weight and plasma corticosterone levels in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male rats were used. They were assigned to 7 groups of 8 animals including control group (no treatment), sham 1 (receiving saline), sham 2 (exposure to plus maze) and three experimental groups that received doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas via intraperitoneal injections. Elevated plus maze was used to measure anxiety. The number of ties mice were present in the open and closed arms of the maze was calculated and their plasma levels and body weight were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS-18 via one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow-up tests. Results: The results showed that the alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas at the given doses increased the number of entries into the open arms of elevated plus maze. It increased weight gain of animals and reduced plasma corticosterone levels at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg at pConclusion: Probably due to its sedative properties and its morphine materials, Papaver rhoeas extract reduces anxiety levels and corticosterone and increases the weight of the animals under study.
Mryam Salehi; Mehvash Jafari; Alireza Asgari
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1081-1089
Abstract
Background: Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used organophosphates in agriculture. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of vitamins E and C as antioxidant in reduction of DZN-induced oxidative stress ...
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Background: Diazinon (DZN) is one of the most widely used organophosphates in agriculture. Vitamins C and E are antioxidants protecting cells from oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of vitamins E and C as antioxidant in reduction of DZN-induced oxidative stress in rat liver.
Materials and Methods: In present experimental study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups including control group (corn oil as DZN solvent), DZN group (100 mg/kg), vitamin E group (150 mg/kg), vitamin C group (200 mg/kg), vitamin E+DZN group and vitamin C+DZN group which were given intraperitoneally. Animals were anesthetized by ether 24 hours after injectionand liver tissues were quickly removed. After tissues homogenization, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, as well as glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by biochemical methods. The data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey test.
Results: DZN increased SOD, CAT, LDH and GST activities and MDA level and decreased GSH content in liver. Administration of vitamins E and C inhibited the changed in these parameters.
Conclusion: Vitamins E and C as antioxidant decrease DZN-induced oxidative stress in rat liver by scavenging free radicals but they does not protect completely.
Maryam Noorshahi; Samaneh Koneshloo; Mehdi Hedayati; Mostafa Baranchi; Nafiseh AminolEslam; Javad Nemati
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1113-1122
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Mechanical tension induced by resistance exercise can stimulate tension-sensitive cytoskeletal proteins. Also, resistance exercise can induce inflammatory factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes of inflammatory and hypertrophic markers and their ...
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Background and Purpose: Mechanical tension induced by resistance exercise can stimulate tension-sensitive cytoskeletal proteins. Also, resistance exercise can induce inflammatory factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the changes of inflammatory and hypertrophic markers and their association with a single bout of resistance exercise in male rats.
Materials and Methods: Twelve male Wistar rats, three months of age, were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. Resistance exercise protocol (to climb up a one-meter ladder, 3 sets, 10 repetitions in each set, at 50%, 75% and 100% of their own body weight) was performed. The control group did not perform any exercise activity. Twelve hours after the last session of exercise, rats (both control and experimental) were anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine/xylazine. Blood samples were taken directly from the heart; their Soleus muscles were extracted. Vinculin levels in muscle tissue after homogenation and IL-17 levels in sera were measured using ELISA method. Creatine kinase levels were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods. Independent t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. A significance level of α= 0.05 was considered.
Results: There was no significant diferences between control and experimental groups in vinculin, IL-17 and creatine kinase levels (p>0.05). Nevertheless, there was a significant negative corrolation between vinculin and IL-17 (r=-0.93, p=0.01).
Conclusion: A single bout of resistance training can lead to a change in vinculin, IL-17 and creatine kinase levels. Interaction between inflammatory and hypertrophic markers (especially vinculin and IL-17) probably has a role in adaptations induced by resistance training.
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 613-620
Abstract
Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience resulted from tissue damage. Due to the side effects of analgesic medicines; the study was conducted to investigate the influence of music on severity of pain.
Materials and Methods: this experimental study was carried out on 24 adult male rats divided ...
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Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience resulted from tissue damage. Due to the side effects of analgesic medicines; the study was conducted to investigate the influence of music on severity of pain.
Materials and Methods: this experimental study was carried out on 24 adult male rats divided into a control group and two case groups. In the control group, formalin 2.5% injected into the right sole paw and experimental groups were affected to the Adagio calm and Allergo music from 20 minutes prior of formalin injection to the end of the experiment and based on formula of pain scores. Severity of pain was measured every 5 minutes over one hour. Data were analyzed by means of spss.18 and statistical ANOVA and Tukey tests were used.
Results: findings indicated that Adagio calm music can significantly reduce the acute (P≥ 0.05)and chronic pain(P≥ 0.001), and also allergo music led to a decrease in chronic pain (P≥ 0.001).
Conclusions: this is highly likely that music relieve pain through neural pathways, dopaminergic and opioidergic systems of the brain.
Tahmineh Peirouvi; Shiva Roshan Milani; Siamak Salami; Mohammad Ghaderi; Alireza Shams
Volume 21, Issue 3 , July and August 2014, , Pages 461-476
Abstract
Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been found to be expressed in ovaries in addition to hypothalamus to modulate cell differentiation and induces atretic follicles. Since the death of granulosa cells during the process of follicular atresia occurs by apoptosis phenomenon, in this study, ...
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Background: Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) has been found to be expressed in ovaries in addition to hypothalamus to modulate cell differentiation and induces atretic follicles. Since the death of granulosa cells during the process of follicular atresia occurs by apoptosis phenomenon, in this study, we investigated the occurrence of apoptosis of granulosa cells of rat ovarian follicles under the influence of Buserelin acetate, a GnRH agonist.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental case-control study, twelve 25-day-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The study and control groups received 0.2 mg/kg/d Buserelin acetate and normal saline, respectively, for 4 days. 24 hours after the last injection, the rats were anesthetized with a lethal dose of chloroform and ovaries were removed. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin. After the passage, five-micron sections were prepared using a rotary microtome. Measurement of apoptosis was performed using a calibrated light microscope after TUNEL POD staining. Data were analyzed in GraphPad InStat software using independent t-test. P ≤ 0/05 was statistically considered significant.
Results: These data showed the average percentage of apoptotic cells in the control group 2/14 ± 0/52, and in the experimental group 3/75 ± 1/71. This difference was statistically significant (p≤0.0001).
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Buserelin acetate increases apoptosis in the granulosa cells of ovarian follicles.
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 359-366
Abstract
Introduction: Nicotine is the alkaloid used by millions of people around the world through smoking and at the same time these people also exposed to some kind stressors that effect on body including endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of nicotine and immobility ...
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Introduction: Nicotine is the alkaloid used by millions of people around the world through smoking and at the same time these people also exposed to some kind stressors that effect on body including endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of nicotine and immobility stress on plasma levels of hormones of ACTH and corticosterone in mature male rats.
Method: In this empirical research study, we used 70 mature male Wistar rats were enrolled as the control, sham and experiment groups randomly. 3 experimental groups of different types received doses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg BW nicotine, and 2 experimental group, one received for 2 hours immobility stress and other for 2 hours immobility stress and other plus nicotine with doses of 0.3 mg/kg BW and the sham group received 1cc of saline intraperitoneally for 5 days. 24 hours after the last injection, mice were bled from the heart and were measured hormones ACTH and corticosterone levels. The data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tuky test.
Results: The results showed that the nicotine at different doses and immobility stress and immobility stress with nicotine increases plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone hormones.
Discussion and conclusion: According to the result of this study it can be concluded that the effect of immobilization stress and nicotine enhances the stimulatory effects of nicotine and stress on corticosterone and ACTH
Dorna Ajdari; Mehrdad Shariati; Mokhtar Mokhtari
Volume 20, Issue 2 , May and June 2013, , Pages 133-141
Abstract
Introduction and Aim: Nowedays vitamin A consumption to compensate for the lack of it in the body or healing of skin disorders without considering respective side effects is so common.In this research the protective effect of saffron hydro alcoholic extracts on liver enzymes following vitamin A ...
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Introduction and Aim: Nowedays vitamin A consumption to compensate for the lack of it in the body or healing of skin disorders without considering respective side effects is so common.In this research the protective effect of saffron hydro alcoholic extracts on liver enzymes following vitamin A toxicity was investigated .
Materials and Methods: In the experimental study 48 rats were divided into 6 groups of 8 , namely control, sham and 4experimental.Control group didn’t received anythings , sham group received only distilled water. The experimental group 1 Number 1 received saffron hydro alcoholic extract with 50mg/kg dose for 15 days.Experimental groups 3, 4, 5, initially received vitamin A 50000IU for 15 days. The experimental groups 4,5 received saffron hydro alcoholic extract with 50,80 (mg/kg )dose for 15 days. At the end of this period ,blood was collected from the hearts for measuring the amounts of AST ,ALT and ALP.Obtained data were statistically analyzed using statistical tests including one way variance analysis and tukey test . P
Sohrab Hajizadeh; Mohammad Javan; Mohammadreza Bigdeli; Firozeh Alavian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 287-295
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that normobaric hyperoxia is effective in the treatment of acute ischemia, a phenomenon called preconditioning. However, the exact mechanism of this kind of preconditioning in vivo is not known. In this study, the effect of intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on expression ...
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Background: Recent studies have shown that normobaric hyperoxia is effective in the treatment of acute ischemia, a phenomenon called preconditioning. However, the exact mechanism of this kind of preconditioning in vivo is not known. In this study, the effect of intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on expression of HIF1α in a stroke model was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into 4 groups. Hyperoxia groups were exposed to 95% inspired oxygen for 4 h/day and 6 consecutive days. Oxygen concentration in the control groups was 21% (normoxia). After 24 h, rats in stroke groups were subjected to 60 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 24 h, reperfusion neurological deficit scores were assessed. The brain HIF1α levels were analyzed by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test, Fisher exact test, and GraphPad Prism 5 software. Results: The results of this study showed that HIF1α levels increased in stroke groups compared with normoxia groups, while the amount of protein in hyperoxia groups was not significantly different from normoxia groups. Significantly increased HIF1α levels were observed in hyperoxia stroke group. Also, hyperoxia improved neurological deficit scores from 8.83% down to 3.46%. Conclusion: Hydroxylation, instability, and degradation of HIF1α occurred following hyperoxia. In the stroke groups, lack of oxygen delivery to cells prevents hydroxylation and degradation of HIF1α. In hyperoxia stroke group, inflammatory cytokines with increased ROS can induce increased expression of HIF1α.
Ali Moghimi; Mohammad Mohammad-Zadeh; Seyyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 19, Issue 1 , March and April 2012, , Pages 14-25
Abstract
Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and ...
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Background: Minocycline is an antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drug. In addition, its neuroprotective effects have been shown. Since there is interaction between cell death and seizure, the aim of this study is examination of the role of minocycline on amygdala-kindled seizures in rat.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, three groups of animals (18 rats), after stereotaxic surgery and 1-week recovery period, received twice daily kindling stimulations. In fully kindled animals of groups 1-3, minocycline was injected intraperitoneally in doses 12.5 (n = 7), 25 (n = 5) and 50 (n = 6) mg/kg, respectively, 60 minutes before stimulation. Afterdischarge duration (ADD), stage 4 latency (S4L), Stage 5 Duration (S5D) and Seizure Duration (SD) were recorded and compared with related control groups (the same animals that had received saline 1 day before). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to represent a significant difference.
Results: In fully kindled animals who had received minocycline (50 and 25 mg/kg), ADD decreased significantly. When minocycline was delivered, S5D decreased 38.3% (p < 0.001), 34% (p