Parvaneh Sarani Aliabadi; Hamed Sarani; Mansour Fazeli Rostampoor; Sodabeh Etemadi; Alireza Dashipoor; Afsaneh Sarabandi; Hasaniyeh Hosseini
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 559-568
Abstract
Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing as threatening in all age group in the world so it has became the serious problem in the public health ,Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants has have been considered more than other methods of weight control, the green tea is considered one of these ...
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Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing as threatening in all age group in the world so it has became the serious problem in the public health ,Nowadays, the use of medicinal plants has have been considered more than other methods of weight control, the green tea is considered one of these plants that So far the researches have been done on its effects on weight But the results of these studies have been inconsistent due to various doses and different methods so, this study was conducted to determine the effect of various doses of green tea extract on weight loss and body mass index in adults obese women.
Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial has randomly been conducted on 60 obese women that were overweight, with a BMI> 27 kg/m2, WC> 87 (waist). The samples were divided randomly into three groups of 20; in this regard, have received two intervention groups (experimental) recipient of green tea extract with different concentrations (50 and 100 percent) and control group (control) recipient of placebo containing cellulose. Each participant received daily three times (one hour before each meal) of green tea extract or placebo for 12 weeks. All samples were measured in the baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 in terms of anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR). the data were collected and have been analyzed in the different groups By using of software SPSS 19 - Sas9.2 and statistical test of one-way Anova and was used repeated Measurement test for Comparisons of these groups
Results: In the baseline The mean and standard deviation of weight and BMI were in the experimental group which received 100% of extract, respectively74.19 ± 4.3 and 28.95 ± 0.8 and in the experimental groups which received extract 50% 1/5 ± 34/74 and 06/1 ± 69/28., which was reduced respectively, to 67.90 ± 4.1 and 26.49 ± 0.7 as well as 70.98 ± 5.6 and 27.38 ± 1.19 in the end of the study Which is indicative of a significant difference in the mean weight and BMI on these consecutive weeks(P < 0.01،P
Seyyed Alireza Hosseini Kakhk; Zahra Attarzadeh; AmirHossein Haghighi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 563-572
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in insulin resistance and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different single-session aquatic exercises on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials ...
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Background: Adiponectin is an adipocytokine that is hypothesized to be involved in insulin resistance and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of two different single-session aquatic exercises on serum adiponectin and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.
Materials and methods: In an experimental study with crossover design, eight postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (mean age 56.6±4.9 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: control (Con), low duration (LD) exercise (45 – 50 min), and moderate duration (MD) exercise (65-70 min). Blood samples were taken immediately and 24 hours after exercise. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures analysis of variance, in SPSS software version 16 (P
Mohsen Koushan; Zeynab Mollashahi; Ahmad Delbari; Mohammad Hasan Rakhshani
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 569-577
Abstract
Background: loneliness is one of the most widespread complaints of elders that has serious consequences on their mental health, so present study is done in Sabzevar to examaine the effects of group reminiscence on loneliness in elders.
Materials and Methods: the present experimental study is examined ...
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Background: loneliness is one of the most widespread complaints of elders that has serious consequences on their mental health, so present study is done in Sabzevar to examaine the effects of group reminiscence on loneliness in elders.
Materials and Methods: the present experimental study is examined 73 of male elders who visited sabzevar rehabilitation clinic of elders and retirement centers. These people was selected according to input criterions and devided to interval group (36 persons) and control group (37 persons) by random. To control the effect of pretest on post test results, every group was devided into two groups, one with pretest and the other without it. First of all, loneliness was held for interval groups (8 sessions, 1 session perweek for an hour), at the end loneliness was measured in all groups and data analyzed by spss 20. Loneliness was measured by standard lonliness questionnaire. Here the statistical testes was included analyzed of variance; ANOVA, analyzed of covariance; ANCOVA, Independent Samples Test, Paired Samples Test.
Results: the mean of loneliness after intervention in groups with pretest was: interval group: 10/15 ± 1/63, control group: 13/84± 3/30 Independent Samples Test shows meaningful difference. The mean of loneliness after intervention in groups without pretest was: interval group: 12±3/09, control group: 13/56 ± 3/92 Independent Samples Test shows meaningful difference.
Conclusion: according to the present study 8 session of group reminiscence had posetive effects on reducing loneliness in.
Kamyar Yaghmaiyan; Gholamreza Mousavi; Hamidreza Karimi; Ahmad Allahabadi
Volume 20, Issue 4 , January and February 2014, , Pages 573-582
Abstract
Background: Antibiotics are important pollutants of water resources, and because of hard biodegradability, they can be filtered through adsorption method. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate the amoxicillin removal rate of a standard granular activated ...
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Background: Antibiotics are important pollutants of water resources, and because of hard biodegradability, they can be filtered through adsorption method. Activated carbon is one of the best adsorbents. The aim of this study was to investigate the amoxicillin removal rate of a standard granular activated carbon.
Materials and methods: The adsorption experiments were conducted in the stirred (100 rpm) glass reactor. In each test, 50 ml of aqueous solution contaminated by amoxicillin was transferred into the reactor, and the influence of adsorbent dose, adsorbent type, amoxicillin concentration, reaction time, solution pH and temperature was tested on the amoxicillin adsorption. At the end of each of adsorption tests, the suspension was filtered using a cellulose acetate filter with 0.45µm pore size and the filtrate was analyzed for residual amoxicillin using HPLC.
Results: The obtained data showed that the best conditions for removal of amoxicillin from contaminated water using granular activated carbon were as follow: pH: 6, adsorbent concentration: 1.6 g/l, reaction time: 60 min, temperature: 25oc. In these conditions up to 86% of amoxicillin (concentration: 50 mg/l) could be adsorb by a granular 16-20 activated carbon.
Conclusion: Adsorption onto activated carbon is an efficient method for the removal of non-degradable water pollutants such as antibiotics and toxins.
Ehsanollah Habibi; Mohammad Moqiseh; Nahal Aramesh; Amir Hosseinpour Rahmatian; Esmail Shokohi; Iman Nasiri; Akbar Hosseinzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 578-586
Abstract
Background and aim: In order to establish appropriateness between labor and Human, aerobic capacity can be used. The methods which were used in physical labor are mental and physiological assessments. Subjective symptoms of fatigue during physical work are assessed with the Borg scale (RPE) and physiological ...
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Background and aim: In order to establish appropriateness between labor and Human, aerobic capacity can be used. The methods which were used in physical labor are mental and physiological assessments. Subjective symptoms of fatigue during physical work are assessed with the Borg scale (RPE) and physiological with heart rate as well. This study aimed to compare the estimation of aerobic capacity (vo2max) with mental conception and physiology among male nurses in one of Tehran's hospitals.
Method: The present study was a cross – sectional analysis. In this study a number of male nurses have participated randomly and by the means of ergo meter were assessed according to Strand protocol. Aerobic capacity was determined by the formula ACSM. Meanwhile at the end of each minute, the intensity of perceived effort (RPE), as well as heart rate are calculated and recorded.
Result: Statistical analysis showed that between aerobic capacity and RPE are significant relationship (P
Roya Akbarzadeh; Fatemeh Ghardashi; Rasool Tabari; Akram Koshki; Masoumeh Hashemiyan; Tayyebeh Novrozinejad; Hamid Alami
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 582-589
Abstract
Title: Evaluation of individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar, 1391
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. This disease has varied Incidence and mortality rate in different communities which this variation is affected ...
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Title: Evaluation of individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar, 1391
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women globally. This disease has varied Incidence and mortality rate in different communities which this variation is affected by some factors such as age, sex , race ,socioeconomic and marital status, geographic location and lifestyle. this study aimed to examine individual characteristics, family history and blood group in women with breast cancer in Sabzevar.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional survey, 218 women with age of older than 20 years suffering from breast cancer were identified through census method by health volunteers from 1380 to 1389 in Sabzevar. Needed information was collected using an interview form whose validity and reliability were approved via face validity and content and test-retest method. Obtained data was analyzed using spss software and descriptive statistics was applied to calculate indexes and frequencies.
Result: among 218 patients, 125( 57.3 percent ) were alive . the Subjects’ average age was 52.85± 1.2 with a Maximum and minimum age of 86 and 28 years old, respectively. among 124 live patients , 26 patients ( 21 %) of them had a history of breast cancer in the family. If there is a first-degree relatives with breast cancer, chance of getting cancer would be higher than other cases ( 46.1 %). The most and least frequency of blood group were O (37.6 %) and AB + (6.9 percent), respectively.
Conclusion: findings of the present study revealed that the family history and blood group of O can be considered as risk factors of developing breast cancer in Sabzevar.The mean age of onset is lower than the worldwide age. Enhance, these issues should be noticed in the planning of health services.
Mohammadhossein Mehrolhasani; Mohammadreza Heidari; Zahra Rahimi; Mojgan Emami
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 587-595
Abstract
Background: Activity-based costing is one of the main methods for operational budgeting which provides the ability to manage and control costs for managers. This study was conducted to estimate the cost price of Shafa hospital laboratory services in Kerman using activity-based costing technique and compared ...
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Background: Activity-based costing is one of the main methods for operational budgeting which provides the ability to manage and control costs for managers. This study was conducted to estimate the cost price of Shafa hospital laboratory services in Kerman using activity-based costing technique and compared with services tariff.
Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional and applied study was conducted in the clinical Laboratory of Shafa Hospital at Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 2011. The cost price of FBS, CPK and Cr tests calculated which had the highest frequency in the year as well as HBS, HIV and three times blood culture which had the higher tariffs than other tests. Initially, data were manually collected through interview with hospital officials and review of relevant documents. Then, in order to achieve the targets of the study, the cost price results were analyzed using Excel software.
Results: The results showed that the total annual costs of the departments were the sum of 5,002,917,493 Rails that 94.9 percent and 5.1 percent of it were related to the direct and indirect costs respectively. Laboratory personnel cost by 74.2 percent and consumables cost by 21.1 percent had the largest share of the costing. The cost price of Cr and CPK tests calculated the sum of 10.019 and 21.517 Rails respectively that according to the public tariffs, had a suitable profit.
Conclusion: This study showed that there is a difference between the actual cost of the laboratory services and public tariffs that has led a loss to the laboratory. Therefore, by improving the performance management in the field of human resource and standardizing, can reduce the cost price of services and optimize resources consumption.
Kobra Ayati nasab; Mohammadreza Esmaiel zadeh; Saeedeh Sangsefidi
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 590-596
Abstract
Background and Purpose: In recent decade, the importance of exercise in offices and organizations, due to increased job stress, is increased. Everyone has some degree of nervousness and stress in his/her workplace. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and yoga exercises ...
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Background and Purpose: In recent decade, the importance of exercise in offices and organizations, due to increased job stress, is increased. Everyone has some degree of nervousness and stress in his/her workplace. Therefore the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic and yoga exercises training on efficacy of female staff in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.
Methods and materials: The method was semi experiment and the statistical sample consisted of 850 female staff in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 1391 in which 57 female staff was randomly selected among them. They were divided into 3 groups (19 persons). Aerobics and yoga exercises were held at 8 weeks, 3 times a week for 60 minutes each time. The tools for gathering the data were a standardized questionnaire of self-efficacy (GSE) Schwarzer. For analyzing the data, t-test with a significant level of 0/05 was used.
Findings: The results showed that between yoga and control groups, there were significant differences in the posttest (p=0/562) whereas there was no significant difference between aerobic and control groups (p =0/035) as well as between yoga group and aerobics group (p=0/002).
Conclusion:The results showed that aerobic exercises didn't have any significant improvement on efficacy of female staff in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. It also showed that yoga exercises caused increasing efficacy in female staff in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.
immunology & Biochemistry
mozhgan naderi kotaki; azizeh asadzadeh; fatemeh heidaryan
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 594-602
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ACHE) with hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses of the brain plays ...
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Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ACHE) with hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses of the brain plays a role in ending the neural message. One of the methods used to control the progression of Alzheimer’s disease is the administration of cholinesterase inhibitors, especially plant- originated medicines. The aim of this study was to study bioinformatics and obtain the level of inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase enzyme by hydro-alcoholic extract of aerial organs of Thymus vulgaris. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate how the compounds are attached to the active site of the enzyme, first, Docking studies were conducted using AutoDock 4.2 software, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris was measured at concentrations 2, 1, 0 .5, 0.25 mg/ml in order to determine its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. Results: The compounds present in the extract were able to occupy the active site of the enzyme with a binding energy level of -4.12 to -6.58 kcal / mol. According to the laboratory results, concentrations of 2mg/ml were 46.99% and IC50 = 2.03 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of in silico and in vitro studies indicate that the extract of this plant contains effective inhibitory compounds, and trying to use these compounds is a suitable topic for future research with the aim of acquiring pharmacologically inhibitors.
Saeedeh Saeedi; Mahta Mazaheri Naeeni; Seyyed Kazem Sabbagh; Safoura Bazi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 596-603
Abstract
Background and aim: Infectious diseases are one of the most important agents of mortality in the world. Due to resistant of some human infectious bacteria to antibiotics, use of plant pharmaceutical herbs to control of these agents is increasing. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial ...
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Background and aim: Infectious diseases are one of the most important agents of mortality in the world. Due to resistant of some human infectious bacteria to antibiotics, use of plant pharmaceutical herbs to control of these agents is increasing. The aim of this research was to investigate the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of Yarrow and Salvia against ten bacterial strains of human pathogenic bacteria.
Materials and Methods: Aqueous extract from Achillea millefolium and Teucrium polium species were prepared using maceration method and then were concentrated and dried using rotary apparatus. . Ten standard bacterial strains were cultured on Nutrient Broth. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of plant extract of both extract on bacteria were determined using micro dilution method at four different concentrations (0/62-1/25-2/5-5-10mg/ml).
Results:The results showed that aqueous extract from Achillea millefolium and Teucrium polium species have an inhibition effect on all tested bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and S. saprophyticus showed the highest and lowest sensitivity to water extract of yarrow respectively. Pseudomonas aeroginosa sereus strain showed high degree of sensitivity whereas S. aureuss and Bacillus aeroginosa strains were less sensitive to extract of salvia.
Conclusion: According to obtained results in this work and other researches in this domain, the Aqueous extracts of Yarraw and Salvia could be introduced as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic micro-organisms. Nevertheless to use each extract of plant for clinical application, chemical analysis of extracts and clinical researches are necessary.
Mohammad Esmaeeli; Anoush Azarfar; Aghilollah Keykhosravi; Mahbobeh Nematshahi; Yalda Ravanshad; Ahmad Delbari; Effat SheykhBaheddin zadeh
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 597-602
Abstract
Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately.
Hyperuricemia is a feature of several pathologies and requires ...
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Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by a reversible increase in the blood concentration of creatinine and nitrogenous waste products and by the inability of the kidney to regulate fluid and electrolyte homeostasis appropriately.
Hyperuricemia is a feature of several pathologies and requires an appropriate and often early treatment, owing to the severe consequences that it may cause. A rapid and massive raise of uric acid, mainly damage the kidney.. Rasburicase, compared to allopurinol, results in more rapid reduction of uric acid and prevent its accumulation in patients with hematologic malignancy with hyperuricemia and AKI.
Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of rasburicase (0.15 mg/kg) administered as single dose in 15 patient with AKI in sheikh hospital, Mashhad University of medical Sciences. Beside conventional therapy, infusion of Rasburicase in 50cc normal saline in30 minute intravenously was done and all adverse reaction was treated.
Before injection of Rasburicase and 1st, 3nd and 7rd day after it urea, creatinine, uric acid and urine output were determined and compared.
Results: Within first 24 hour, the levels of serum uric acid in all patients decreased dramatically. there was a significant improvement in estimated GFR and urine output. Urea and creatinine level decreased from Day 0 to Day 7 but there was no difference between creatinine before treatment and 1st day.
Conclusion: Rasburicase is effective for management of hyperuricemia and uremia in AKI Patients
Psychology
Ebrahim Namani; Hasan Abdollahzadeh; Hamideh Pirani; mahmoud jajarmi
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 600-607
Abstract
Background & Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) on Suppression of negative thoughts and learned helplessness were infertile women.Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control ...
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Background & Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) on Suppression of negative thoughts and learned helplessness were infertile women.Materials and Methods: This study is quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest control group was unequal. The statistical population included all of Infertile women at Neyshabur city who have been referred to gynecologists in Spring 2017. 24 infertile women who were selected by available sampling method and voluntary that were randomly assigned to experimental groups(n = 12) and control(n = 12). Both groups were tested before. the experimental group for 8 sessions of 90-minute group therapy were based on acceptance and commitment. data through questionnaires Suppression of thoughts " Wegner and Zanakos"(1994) and Documentary style "Islami Shahr Babaki"(1991) was gathering. research data to way multivariate analysis of variance and were analyzed by SPSS 21 software. Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance with significance level (p > 0/001) on the hypothesis that there is a significant difference between the two groups at post-test, that represents, the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on suppression of thoughts and learned helplessness )documentary style( in infertile women.Conclusion:The conclusion of the study is that based group therapy, acceptance and commitment appropriate treatment is to reduce negative thoughts and learned helplessness in infertile women.
Leylasaadat Aldaghi; Abbasali DehpoorJoybari; Farkhondeh Nemati; Reza Mirdashti; Rahim Akrami
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 603-610
Abstract
Abstract
Background & objectives: Cancer prevention and treatment by medicinal plants for a long was is one of the most challenging areas of research. Among them, some plants species could suppress or kill tumor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. One of these plants is Astragalus. The purpose of this ...
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Abstract
Background & objectives: Cancer prevention and treatment by medicinal plants for a long was is one of the most challenging areas of research. Among them, some plants species could suppress or kill tumor cells via apoptosis or necrosis. One of these plants is Astragalus. The purpose of this study was investigating the anti-cancer effects of this plant.
Material & method: The cancer cell lines obtained from Pasteur Institute of Iran. The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640. Then the cells have effected from the presence of various concentrations (0.156, 0.312, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/ml) of Astragalus cystosus. After 72 hours the rate of cytotoxicity was determined by using MTT test. These statistical analyses carried out with a significant level of 0.05 and t-test with excel software.
Findings: These findings indicate that the extract of Astragalus cystosus on Hela cancer cell lines had cytotoxicity in all concentrations and the highest inhibition was 7.5 and 10 mg/ml concentrations. The rate of inhibition in higher concentrations such as 10mg/m1 was equal to 28.98% which is the highest one.
Conclusion: Regarding that the extract of Astragalus cystosus had cytotoxicity on hela cancer cells, further studies can be performed on animal model and clinical trial so that Astragalus used as an anticancer drug.
Yahya Pasdar; Mitra Darbandi; Alireza Janbakhsh; Parisa Niazi; Mansour Rezaee; Korosh Hamzehei; SeyyedMohammad Azizi; Seyyed Mostafa Nachvak
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 604-612
Abstract
Background: Starting to work from early age can have negative impact on the growth and nutritional status, especially if the children are employed in dangerous jobs. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and growth in working children who were working in Kermanshah.
Materials and Methods: This ...
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Background: Starting to work from early age can have negative impact on the growth and nutritional status, especially if the children are employed in dangerous jobs. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and growth in working children who were working in Kermanshah.
Materials and Methods: This survey was a case-control study that wasdoneon90 working childrenand90not- working children in Kermanshah. Information related to anthropometric indices with measurements of height and weight, demographic data using demographic questionnaire and food intake using food frequency questionnaire were collected. To compare growth of children with standards we use body mass index percentiles for sex and age provided by Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16.
Results: Mean of age working children was 16.4±1.8 years and 15.7% of them were illiterate. Consumption of all food groups except the miscellaneous group in working children was significantly lower than not- working children(p
SeyyedMohammad Fereshtehnejad; Hamidreza Baradaran; Maziar Moradi Lakeh
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 611-622
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Nowadays, it is of utmost importance to critically appraise the research evidences presented in scientific congresses by the audiences. In addition to improvement in scientific and practical skills of critical appraisal, it is important to use a standard framework as the major tool ...
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Abstract
Background: Nowadays, it is of utmost importance to critically appraise the research evidences presented in scientific congresses by the audiences. In addition to improvement in scientific and practical skills of critical appraisal, it is important to use a standard framework as the major tool for peer reviewing. We aimed to assess the validity and reliability of one proposed checklist for critical appraisal of the original research abstracts by student peer reviewers.
Methods and Materials: This study was a part of an educational interventional project that was performed in a setting of a workshop where 40 medical students from the medical faculties of the universities in Tehran were recruited. Participants were selected using a non-probability purposive sampling method. Educational curriculum of the workshop included clarifying explanations on the 31-item checklist for peer reviewing of the abstracts as well as several tips about each item using lectures, simulations and group discussions during 10 hours. Medical students used the checklist twice, at beginning and the end of the workshop to score three sample abstracts. Data were collected and analyzed using Spearman correlation (internal consistency) and Cronbach’s’ alpha methods to calculate the reliability of different items and domains of the introduced peer reviewing checklist by SPSS software. Moreover, Delphi method was applied to confirm the validity of the instrument by experts’ opinion.
Results: A group of experts finally confirmed the validity of this checklist by means of Delphi method. Moreover, internal consistency of the main domains of the checklist consisting of “Introduction”, “Methods”, “Results” and “Conclusion” were statistically significant (P
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 613-620
Abstract
Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience resulted from tissue damage. Due to the side effects of analgesic medicines; the study was conducted to investigate the influence of music on severity of pain.
Materials and Methods: this experimental study was carried out on 24 adult male rats divided ...
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Background: Pain is an unpleasant sensory experience resulted from tissue damage. Due to the side effects of analgesic medicines; the study was conducted to investigate the influence of music on severity of pain.
Materials and Methods: this experimental study was carried out on 24 adult male rats divided into a control group and two case groups. In the control group, formalin 2.5% injected into the right sole paw and experimental groups were affected to the Adagio calm and Allergo music from 20 minutes prior of formalin injection to the end of the experiment and based on formula of pain scores. Severity of pain was measured every 5 minutes over one hour. Data were analyzed by means of spss.18 and statistical ANOVA and Tukey tests were used.
Results: findings indicated that Adagio calm music can significantly reduce the acute (P≥ 0.05)and chronic pain(P≥ 0.001), and also allergo music led to a decrease in chronic pain (P≥ 0.001).
Conclusions: this is highly likely that music relieve pain through neural pathways, dopaminergic and opioidergic systems of the brain.
Keyghobad Ghadiri; Tahereh Sabouri; Ramin Abiri; Shiva Pormohammadi; Azam Elahi; Ali Pormohammadi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 621-628
Abstract
Background and aim: Neisseria meningitidisis is a cause of some serious disease like Meningitis which can rapidly lead to death. The Majority of person suffering from Meningitis have not had any contact with patients and it seems that asymptomatic carriers are the main source of diseases. This descriptive ...
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Background and aim: Neisseria meningitidisis is a cause of some serious disease like Meningitis which can rapidly lead to death. The Majority of person suffering from Meningitis have not had any contact with patients and it seems that asymptomatic carriers are the main source of diseases. This descriptive study aimed to investigate the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis carriers and antibiotic resistance in preschools and primary schools children in Kermanshah.
Material and methods: in this cross-sectional study, 554 kindergartens and schools children with a range of 2-12 years were recruited from different regions of Kermanshah, during November to March 2012. Samples were collected using a sterile swab from the back part of the pharynx (the area of the palatine tonsils) with prevention of contacting with teeth and transported to the laboratory in transport environment. After this, they were cultured on a selective culture medium which followed by performing confirmatory and antibiotic resistance tests to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility.
Results: the prevalence of Neisseria meningitides was investigated 10.6% among 554 healthy children with a mean age of 7.4 years, The resistance percentage of isolated samples to Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Rifampin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid, Cotrimoxazole and Ceftriaxone was 54.2 %, 100 %, 6.8 %, 96.6 %, 54.2%, 13.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: the increasing use of antibiotics has led to a high level of antibiotic resistance, particularly Azithromycin, Amoxicillin, Rifampin, Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and Cotrimoxazole, which indicates the necessity of educating physicians and general population regarding indiscriminate usage of antibiotics.
AmirHossein Haghighi; Hadi YarAhmadi; Maliheh Shojaee
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 623-634
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine which increases with obesity. It is not clear whether endurance training which induces changes in adipose tissue and blood lipids might decrease the plasma level of visfatin as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ...
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Abstract
Introduction: Visfatin is a newly discovered adipokine which increases with obesity. It is not clear whether endurance training which induces changes in adipose tissue and blood lipids might decrease the plasma level of visfatin as well. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 9 weeks of aerobic training on serum visfatin level and insulin resistance index in obese women.
Materials and methods: Method of research was semiexperimental. Twenty-eight obese female volunteered and were randomly divided into experimental (14 subjects with means of weight 82 ± 10.2 kg, and BMI 34.2 ± 4.3 kg/m2) and control (14 subjects with means of weight 79.9 ± 9.5 kg, and BMI 34 ± 3.9 kg/m2) groups. Aerobic training protocol consisted of 4 sessions per week for 9 weeks. Each training session was a slow running trial at intensity of 65 to 75 percent of maximal heart rate for a period of 15 minutes. To follow the principle of overload, half-a-minute was added to each session after the second week, so that, at the last session the running time reached to 31 minutes. Before and after the training period, blood sampling was performed. Data were analyzed using independent t test and ANCOVA.
Results: Results showed significant reduction of serum visfatin level (p < 0.05), and no significant difference in insulin resistance index, serum HDL, LDL, TC and TG between the control and experimental groups (p > 0.05). In addition, aerobic training reduced significantly body mass index, body weight, waist to hip ratio, body fat percent, and increased significantly maximum oxygen uptake (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: It can be said that 9 weeks of aerobic training can cause significant reduction of serum visfatin and no significant change in insulin resistance index in obese women.
Maryam Fakhari; Leili Mahdiyeh
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 629-636
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to some of complications such as nerve damage that decrease proprioception sense and balance and cause cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is very important in daily schedule and improves sensitivity to insulin. The aim of this study ...
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Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that leads to some of complications such as nerve damage that decrease proprioception sense and balance and cause cardiovascular disease. Physical activity is very important in daily schedule and improves sensitivity to insulin. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of of 8 weeks of selective physical activity on static balance and aerobic capacity in female patients with type 2 diabetes.
Material and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 17 women with type 2 diabetes. The subjects selected according to investigation items and accessible sampling method. They were assigned in two experimental (age=51.4±7.3, n=8) and control (age=55.7±4.9, n=9) groups. Experimental group underwent three sessions of one hour selected exercise per week for 8 weeks. Control group did not participate in any regular exercise sessions. Static balance assess with stroke stand test and aerobic capacity measured with 6 min walk test for all subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software and ANCOVA (p≤0.05) was administered.
Findings: There was no significant difference between mean of balance time between pre-test and post-test in experimental group than control group (P≤ 0.05) but mean of distance was increased significantly in experimental group than control group (P≤ 0.05).
Conclusion: A period of physical activity could increase aerobic capacity in type 2 diabetic patients and don’t have significant influence on static balance.
Occupational Health
Akbar Ahmadi Asour; Fatemeh Fasih Ramndi
Volume 28, Issue 5 , November and December 2021, , Pages 634-649
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging Covid-19 disease has been described as an occupational disease especially for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in healthcare workers (HCWs).
Materials and Methods: In this review ...
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Introduction: Emerging Covid-19 disease has been described as an occupational disease especially for healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors affecting the prevalence of Covid-19 disease in healthcare workers (HCWs).
Materials and Methods: In this review study, indexed studies from December 2019 to January 2021 with the keywords such as Covid-19, Coronavirus, Healthcare and Risk Factor were searched in the electronic databases of Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Based on the search results 22 studies were included in the study.
Results: The risk factors for the outbreak of this disease among HCWs can be divided into 5 groups, including psychological, underlying, occupational, social and disease transmission risk factors. HCWs, as a high-risk group, in direct or indirect exposure to patients or infectious substances, they have a large share in transmitting the disease to others. For example, the probability of transmission from physicians to family members is 20.8% and to others is estimated at 25%. An important factor in the transmission of the disease is distance. Distances <20 cm in routine examinations and <5 cm in detailed examinations by physicians provide the potential for high transmission of the disease to ophthalmologists. Age, lack of hand care, comorbidities and autoimmunity, poor sleep quality, work stress, lack of PPE, workload and close contact to COVID-19 disease have been identified as risk factors for the transmission the disease.
Conclusion: HCWs, can by observing health tips and educating patients, will play an important role in controlling COVID-19 disease.
Narjes Heshmatifar; Hajar Sadeghi; Hamideh Jome Tondoki; Rahim Akrami
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 635-642
Abstract
Abstract
Background: because of long communication between nurses and patients, nurses have the great opportunity to decrease anxiety level in patients and educate them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance of patient’s education in nurses and patients’ view.
Methods and Materials: ...
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Abstract
Background: because of long communication between nurses and patients, nurses have the great opportunity to decrease anxiety level in patients and educate them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate performance of patient’s education in nurses and patients’ view.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive study was conducted on 110 nurses and 110 hospitalized patients who were being discharged in the summer of 2013 in the three educational hospitals in Sabzevar. Data were collected through a questionnaire for nurses and patients and analyzed using spss software, version of 15, and descriptive tests.
Results: Nurses' performance results showed that patients illustrated the highest level of training in time of admission was the way of using needed equipment (15%), during the hospitalization was time of drug usage (41%) and in discharge time was follow-up and the next visit the doctor. (30%).Also, Nurses mentioned the further level of education in admission, during hospitalization and discharge time were how to use of the equipment (38%), different methods of pain relief (66%), subsequent follow-up and going to the doctor (41%).
Conclusion: This study indicated that level of patients education has not been efficient in all of three times in nurses and patients ‘point of view. Therefore, health care managers should take some measure to enhance nurses’ awareness about the importance of patient education.
Javad Maleki; Mitra Kheyrabadi; Safiyeh Sophiyan; Reyhaneh Sabbaghzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 637-645
Abstract
Background: Virus htlv-1 is in the retrovirus family; the virus causing human diseases such as adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL), HAM / TSP and etc… One of the major proteins in the virus is protease that is essential for virus maturation. Inhibitors that ever made for the protease didn’t show any properly ...
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Background: Virus htlv-1 is in the retrovirus family; the virus causing human diseases such as adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL), HAM / TSP and etc… One of the major proteins in the virus is protease that is essential for virus maturation. Inhibitors that ever made for the protease didn’t show any properly activity. We have created a new series of inhibitors and with using of computational tools to calculate the way of interactions to the protease protein.
Materials and Methods: The compounds based on the similarity of the original peptide and based on peptidomemiticswere created. Compounds were created by software Hyperchem and optimization act on designed ligand and ligand with the protein crystal structure were performed after separating them. ADME and toxicity characteristics of the compounds were obtained by using Web applications in http://lazar-services.in-silico.ch and http://www.molinspiration.com and docking were performed on them.
Results: The results of studies on ADME designed compounds already showed a good result. Toxicity studies also indicate relatively good results; also the docking results were showed good specificity.
Conclusion: Our studies showed that designed inhibitors can be effective drug-like compounds to inhibiting the protein and therefore use to contrast with this virus.
Nasrin Hashemian Nejad; Bi bi leila Hosseini
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 643-647
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital arhinia is a very rare anomalia which can be observed total or partial arhinia. We assessed a case which is affected to congenital arhinia, its reasons and signs in the present study.
Case report: The patient is a 41w neonate who is affected to congenital arhinia, hypertelorism, ...
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Introduction: Congenital arhinia is a very rare anomalia which can be observed total or partial arhinia. We assessed a case which is affected to congenital arhinia, its reasons and signs in the present study.
Case report: The patient is a 41w neonate who is affected to congenital arhinia, hypertelorism, cleft lip and palate. There was just a significant note in neonatal history of family which showed their first child was affected to anomalia. The neonate was transferred to a well-equip center for doing more assessments. At the present time, general condition of the neonate is good.
Conclusion: Congenital arhinia is a very rare anomaly with an unknown etiology. This anomaly may be associated with the other medline anomalies.
Maryam KHosravi; MohammadHossein Esmaeili; Mahin Mafi
Volume 21, Issue 4 , September and October 2014, , Pages 646-654
Abstract
Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with impaired insulin signaling in brain, suggesting it to be a brain-specific form of diabetes and so termed as “type 3 diabetes”. Therefore investigating the role of pharmacological agents that can improve neuronal insulin resistance merit ...
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Background:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is closely associated with impaired insulin signaling in brain, suggesting it to be a brain-specific form of diabetes and so termed as “type 3 diabetes”. Therefore investigating the role of pharmacological agents that can improve neuronal insulin resistance merit attention in treatment off AD. Metformin is one of the most widely used against peripheral insulin resistance. In present study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of metformin on spatial learning and memory of streptozotocin (STZ) Rat Model of AD.
Materials and Methods: 56 Female wistar rate (200-250gr) were divided into 6 groups (n=6): control, sham operated, STZ, STZ +Saline (0.2ml), STZ +Metformin (50,100,200mg/kg, i.p. for 10 day). For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg,) were administered bilaterally into latral ventricles. All rates were tested spatial learning and memory in the Morris water maze.
Results : our results show that pre-training injection of Metformin improves spatial learning and memory in STZ Rat Model of AD in a dose dependent manner, so that rats of Metformin groups found platform in less time and with less distance traveled, in comparison with STZ group. Metformin also increased the percentage of time elapsed and the distance swum in the target quadrant in STZ Rat Model of AD, in probe test.
Conclusion: An i.c.v. injection of STZ resulted in a significant decline in spatial learning and memory and pretreatment with Metformin can enhance spatial learning and memory. The results show that metformin as an insulin sensitizer against peripheral insulin resistance is useful for AD treatment.
Raziyeh Khosrojerdi; Elaheh Hejazi; Nikchehreh Mohseni
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 648-658
Abstract
Background and Objective: Learning is regarded as one of the most important abilities of nervous system and without it the life of an individual disrupted. In fact, the learning process contributes to the organism so that it can adapt the ever – changing environment. Therefore, understanding the ...
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Background and Objective: Learning is regarded as one of the most important abilities of nervous system and without it the life of an individual disrupted. In fact, the learning process contributes to the organism so that it can adapt the ever – changing environment. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms involving in the learning and factors affecting on it is among the issues which have attracted the attention of many psychologists and neurologists. Motivation is one of the most important factors affecting learning and can relate evolving identity to learning. Methods and Materials: The present study is a nonexperimental design (correlation) that by using a structural model investigated the relationship between variables. Multi –stage sampling was used for selecting 1072 participants among Sabzevar and Neyshabour second grade high schools girl students. Three questionnaires were used: identity style scale ( ISI), goals achievement scale and motivational strategies for learning.(1) validity and reliability of the scales was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and composite reliability. The data has been analyzed by using path analysis method. Results: lnformational style had both direct and indirect effect on cognitive engagement. Both effects are statistically significant (P