Fatemeh Bahrami; Mohammad Amiri; Zahra Abdollahi
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 217-223
Abstract
Background and Objective: Attending University is not always pleasant for all the students and students can sometimes encounter with challenges leading them to uninterested, fatigue, and ineffectiveness feeling. Uninterested, fatigue, and ineffectiveness feeling are of academic burnout dimensions have ...
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Background and Objective: Attending University is not always pleasant for all the students and students can sometimes encounter with challenges leading them to uninterested, fatigue, and ineffectiveness feeling. Uninterested, fatigue, and ineffectiveness feeling are of academic burnout dimensions have attracted many researchers' interest in recent decades. Bearing this mind, the present research aims at identifying the relationship of perception of learning environment and academic burnout with academic resilience mediating among the students of Hakim Sabzevari University.Materials and Methods: The present study is cross-sectional (modeling of structural relationships). The population encompasses all the educational sciences students of Hakim Sabzevari University; 170 of which are randomly selected as the sample. The instruments are three questionnaires, Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire, Samuel's Academic Resilience questionnaire, and Breso Academic Burnout questionnaire. The collected data are analyzed by SPSS and AMOS.Findings: The findings of the study demonstrated that perception of learning environment had a significant effect on academic burnout (-0.33) and academic resilience (0.51). And academic resilience had a significant effect on academic burnout (-0.55). Beside the direct effects, the indirect effect of perception of learning environment on academic burnout via academic resilience was significant (-0.28). Also according to the model fit indices, goodness of fit index (0/93), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (0/07), normative fit index (0/90) the proposed model was a good fit. Conclusion: Not only perception of learning environment directly influences on academic burnout, but it also indirectly influences it through academic resilience.
Physical Education
parisa sedaghati; hasan daneshmandi; Mozhgan ashtari; abo taleb saremi
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 279-286
Abstract
Background: The aim of this research was to study the effects of eight weeks aquatic gymnastics Training on the Intensity of Low Back Pain in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out sampling primiparous women (n=62, age range: 28-35 year) in the second trimester of ...
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Background: The aim of this research was to study the effects of eight weeks aquatic gymnastics Training on the Intensity of Low Back Pain in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This cohort study was carried out sampling primiparous women (n=62, age range: 28-35 year) in the second trimester of pregnancy were Purposefully selected and divided into two control (n=30) and experimental (n=32) groups. The experimental group performed a 8 week aquatic gymnastics Training both in water and land in the presence of the researcher, with the collaboration of aquatic gymnastics experts and under the supervision of a medical specialist at specialty hospital of Sarem (Tehran-Iran). The Qubeck low back pain standard questionnaire and Burg exercise intensity measurement scale were utilized to compare the results between the pre-/ post-test. The paired t-test and Covariance were used for analysis by SPSS V.19. Results :The results revealed that a 8 week aquatic gymnastics Training significantly relieved the low back pain and promoted the general health of the primiparous women during the second trimester of pregnancy (P=0.001). The back pain intensity was increased in control group (P=0/023). Conclusion: Based on findings of the present study, as aquatic gymnastics Training can eliminate the low back pain and promote the general health among the pregnants, it can be suggested as a non-aggressive method
genetics
Reyhaneh Ravanbakhsh Gavgani; Esmaeil Babaei; Mohammad Ali Hosseinpourfeizi; Vahid Montazeri
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 285-292
Abstract
Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common tumor malignancy among women worldwide. Studies have revealed new class of RNA molecules named Long non-coding RNAs that play important role in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate long non-coding RNA lncUSMycN ...
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Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common tumor malignancy among women worldwide. Studies have revealed new class of RNA molecules named Long non-coding RNAs that play important role in tumor development, progression and metastasis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate long non-coding RNA lncUSMycN expression in breast cancer. Methods: In this study, 40 breast tumor with invasive ductal carcinoma and 40 normal marginal tissues were collected and after RNA extraction using TRizol kit, cDNA was synthesized. Expression level of lncUSMycN was obtained by applying qRT-PCR method. In order to evaluate association of lncUSMycN expression in tumor compared to normal tissues REST software was used. Biomarker potential of lncUSMycN was evaluated by drawing ROC curve using SigmaPlot. In addition, relationship between lncUSMycN expression and clinicopathological features was analysed. Results: Results from REST indicated significant upregulation of lncUSMycN in tumor tissues compared to normal marginal specimens (95% CI, p =0.001). ROC curve analysis demonstrated the biomarker potential of lncUSMycN (ROCAUC =0.72, p=0.0006). Evaluation of the relationship between lncUSMycN expression and clinicopathological features revealed that there are significant association between lncUSMycN expression and early stages (95% CI, P=0.005) and well-differentiated tumors (95% CI, P=0.046).Conclusion: Considering upregulation of lncUSMycN expression in invasive ductal carcinoma this lncRNA may be probably considered as a new potential diagnostic biomarker for breast cancer.
Physical Education
Maryam Shabani; Mohammad Sharafati Moghadam; Farhad Daryanoosh; Hamed Alizade Pahlavani
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 305-310
Abstract
Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial ...
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Background Objectives: Cardiac troponin as a marker of heart, play a vital role in the diagnosis of heart disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of four weeks high intensity interval training (HIIT) and aerobic training on troponin T content in healthy male rats’ myocardial tissue.Materials & Methods: In this study, 36 Wistar rats 2 months with an average weight 180±20 were selected and randomly assigned divided into three groups, control (n=12), HIIT (n=12), and aerobic (n=12) groups; experimental group 5 days a week in accordance with their training program for 4 weeks to exercise. After 4 weeks, ANOVA test and Bonferroni post hoc test were used for analysis.Results: The results showed a no significant difference between the mean troponin T HIIT exercise and control groups. Troponin T is also a no significant difference between the Aerobic training and control groups.Conclusions: Based on the findings of troponin T in none of the groups had no significant change, It seems that exercise HIIT and Aerobic training with duration of 4 weeks do not damage the heart tissue.
Health Education
Mohtasham Ghaffari; Sakineh Rakhshanderou; seyyed ahmad ahmadinasab; Hassan Emami
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 321-329
Abstract
Introduction: Health literacy can be understood as the ability to read, understand, and act on the basis of health and self-care recommendations, to follow a healthy lifestyle to prevent diseases. Health literacy is considered as one of the important components of self-care. The aim of this study was ...
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Introduction: Health literacy can be understood as the ability to read, understand, and act on the basis of health and self-care recommendations, to follow a healthy lifestyle to prevent diseases. Health literacy is considered as one of the important components of self-care. The aim of this study was the relationship between of health literacy on self-care and preventive behaviors.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 359 people living in the margin of Sabzevar city. Data were collected by questionnaires. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS16 software (descriptive and analytical statistics) using Correlation Coefficients andT -test and ANOVA.
Results: Most of the subjects had enough health literacy with 54.9%, and only 7.5% had inadequate health literacy level. In addition, 37.6% of people had a borderline health literacy level. The mean of health literacy in men was 84.49 ± 13.66 and the mean of health literacy in women was 86.67 ± 14.02, and also there was no significant difference in health literacy between the two sexes.Of the 359 people surveyed, the highest scores of 206 (57.4%) were moderate and the remaining 153 (42.6%) were poor and none of the subjects scored Have not gotten strong.here was no significant relationship between total health literacy and self-care, but there was a significant relationship between total health literacy with dimensions of self-care including mobility / fatigue, happiness, social functioning and pain.
Also, self-care alone had a meaningful relationship with dimensions of health literacy only with the skill dimension of activity, and with other aspects of it there was no meaningful relationship.
Conclusion: On the other hand, due to attention It was suggested that only half of the people had adequate health literacy, and none of them had proper self-care status. Therefore, effective measures are needed to increase the level of health literacy and consequently self-care promotion.
Hossein Seraji; sadegh jafarzadeh
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 322-326
Abstract
Background: Hearing loss is a debilitating condition that even mild degrees can disrupt speech processing, communication and limit social interaction. The prevalence of hearing loss and its causes in various age and people groups is different. The aim of this study was conducted to determine the frequency ...
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Background: Hearing loss is a debilitating condition that even mild degrees can disrupt speech processing, communication and limit social interaction. The prevalence of hearing loss and its causes in various age and people groups is different. The aim of this study was conducted to determine the frequency of hearing loss and related factors in patients referred to audiology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad from October 2017 to April 2018. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 493 people referred to Audiology Clinic of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. The cause of referring and family history and related diseases was obtained by a questionnaire and then compared with the results of their tympanometry and audiometry tests. The results were obtained using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient.Results: average age of participants were 41.2 (±18.96) years old and 342 out 493 (69/4%) had hearing loss. 79.8% men and 62.6% of women had hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was the most common type of hearing loss (35.2% of all patients). The Otitis media was the most common cause of hearing loss among patients with hearing impairment (10.7%). Also, there was a significant relationship between aging and degree of hearing loss.Conclusions: According to this results, hearing loss are frequent among Referents of Audiology Clinic. Some causes of hearing loss, such as infections, noise exposure, and Ototoxic drugs can be controlled, Therefore, preventive health care and appropriate treatments can be helpful in reducing the risk of hearing loss.
Sayedeh Elmira Yazdi-Rouholamini; Nasrin Motamed; Mohammad Tahmasb; Kobra Omidfar
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 386-391
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Metastatic cancers, such as breast cancer, are generally resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore many researches try to find new and effective compounds to treat this type of cancer. In this study, we examined the Silibinin toxic effect on tumor growth and proliferation of MCF-7 ...
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Background & Objectives: Metastatic cancers, such as breast cancer, are generally resistant to chemotherapy. Therefore many researches try to find new and effective compounds to treat this type of cancer. In this study, we examined the Silibinin toxic effect on tumor growth and proliferation of MCF-7 cell line. Materials & methods MTT assay was used to assess the inhibitory effect of silibinin on metabolic activity of MCF_7 cells. For this purpose, seeded cells were plated on to 96-well plates and then exposed to varying concentrations of silibinin (0-350 ug/mL) for different time (24, 48 and 72 h). The percentage of metabolic activity was calculated according to the MTT test. In next step, in order to evaluate the effect of silibinin on apoptosis in MCF_7 cells, Caspase 3/7 test was used. Results: Our results indicate that silibinin inhibited metabolic activity of MCF-7cells in a dose-dependent manner and it can induce apoptosis pathway in these cells. Conclusion: The study showed that treatment of MCF-7 cell line with Silibinin can be through induction of apoptosis, inhabitation of the growth and proliferation of cells. Due to the significant inhibitory effect of silibinin on MCF-7 cells, it seems important for researchers to utilize milk thistle in the treatment and prevention of cancer.
Health Education
Seyed mojtaba mousavi bazaz; Zahra Keyvanlo; Aghilallah Keykhosravi; Mohammad Neamatshahi; Atefeh Asadi; Mahboubeh Neamatshahi
Volume 26, Issue 4 , November and December 2019, , Pages 413-420
Abstract
Background:Health-related quality of life is an index of the safety Patients and refers to the measure of a patient's functioning, well-being, and general health perception in each of three domains: physical, psychological, and social. The aim of this study is identify related factors with quality of ...
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Background:Health-related quality of life is an index of the safety Patients and refers to the measure of a patient's functioning, well-being, and general health perception in each of three domains: physical, psychological, and social. The aim of this study is identify related factors with quality of life in hemodialysis patients.Materials and Methods:In this cross sectional study, 50 hemodialysis patients of 15 to 87 years old in mashad city were participated in 2017. We used checklists which included demographic questionnaire and SF-36 Questionnaire. Descriptive and statistical tests such as mean± standard deviation for quantitative variables, Spearman correlation coefficient,Naparametric test were used. Results:The mean score of quality of life was 43.3±8.2 that in the physical dimension was 42.8 ± 11.9 and in the psychological dimension was 43.9 ± 10.4.The highest mean of quality of life was observed in the men( 42.5 ± 6.1) , singles ( 43.6 ± 5.4), users general vehicles (44.4 ± 8.4) and people with a level of education in the guidance school (43.5±6.7).Age (p=0.04,r=-0.3) and duration to each dialysis session(p=0.007,r=-0.2) with mean score for quality of life were significantly inversely related but the correlation did not significantly with any of the individual characteristics, laboratory factors and clinical factors. The marrage (p=0.03) and duration of each dialysis session (p=0.03) and age(p=0.04) was a significant inversely correlation with the physical dimension.Conclusions: Life quality of Hemodialysis patients is low and authorities need to provide these patients with more social support and see into their welfare.
Internal Medicine
pejman porouhan; Reza Yousefabadi; Alaleh Abbaspour; Babak PeyroShabany; Danial Fazilat-Panah; Ahmad Foroughi; Seyed Alireza Javadinia
Abstract
Background: To investigate the survival of patients with brain metastases (BM) in Sabzevar.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study at two oncologic centers in Sabzevar, patients with BM either at the presentation or at during the follow-up were enrolled. Patients' documents ...
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Background: To investigate the survival of patients with brain metastases (BM) in Sabzevar.Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study at two oncologic centers in Sabzevar, patients with BM either at the presentation or at during the follow-up were enrolled. Patients' documents were reviewed in terms of clinical and pathological features of the primary tumor, first-line treatments and treatments at the time of BM diagnosis and finally overall survival (OS) and BM-related survival rates. The data was entered into SPSS version 26 software and analyzed at a significance level of P<0.05.Results: Eighty-four patients were enrolled (58.33% female, median age 57 [25-83]). Most frequent primary cancers were lung (non-small cell, 38.1%) and breast (34.52%). BM at the diagnosis of primary tumor was presented in 29 patients (34.5%). 61.9% had ≥5 BM, 97.6% were symptomatic, 80% had extracranial metastases (ECM). Headache (22.6%) and focal neurologic deficit (21.4%) were the most frequent reported symptoms. Primary BM treatments were: Surgery 6.1%; SRT 0%; whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) 87.8%, systemic treatments 6.1%; best supportive care (BSC) 0%. Median OS after BM diagnosis for all was 5 months (surgery: 11, systemic: 3, WBRT: 5). In patients treated with WBRT, 64.8% had ≥5 BM, 83.3% ECM, 16.9% were ≥70 years.Conclusion: Survival of patients with BM is extremely poor. WBRT is the main treatment option. Patients who can tolerate the surgery may survive more.
Psychology
Mohammad Ali Toosang; Reza Pasha*; Sahar Safarzadeh
Volume 29, Issue 4 , September and October 2022, , Pages 461-474
Abstract
Introduction: The social situation of the society has progressed in a direction that the levels of tensions entering the educational environment has increased. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) training can be important in controlling stress and conflict in students. The aim of this study was to investigate ...
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Introduction: The social situation of the society has progressed in a direction that the levels of tensions entering the educational environment has increased. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) training can be important in controlling stress and conflict in students. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cognitive-behavioral therapy training on the hardness and individual-social adjustment the in students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: A quasi-experimental study with pre-test-post-test design was performed on 200 students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences (100 in experimental group and 100 in control group) by random sampling method in 2020. Data were collected using standard questionnaires including hardiness (Kobasa) and adjustment. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and repeated measures ANOVA.
Results: In the post-training period of cognitive-behavioral therapy, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean total score of hardiness, adaptation and their dimensions in the two groups (P< 0.05). These differences were also observed in the follow-up phase after 4 months of intervention (P< 0.05).
Conclusion: The Cognitive-behavioral therapy has a positive effect on the level of hardness and adjustment of the students and also, this method of treatment can be used to promote students' health and mental health. It is suggested that this educational-therapeutic approach be used in the counseling centers and student psychological services.
Physical Education
Leili Zeiaadini Dashtkhaki; Amir Rashidlamir; Said Naghibi
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 473-485
Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation program aimed at reducing secondary risk factors and improving function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting run which finally may delay or reduce mortality patients. A key component of this program is exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect ...
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Cardiac rehabilitation program aimed at reducing secondary risk factors and improving function in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting run which finally may delay or reduce mortality patients. A key component of this program is exercise. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aquatic and dryland training on ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women’s peripheral blood mononuclear cells after coronary artery bypass grafting. 30 middle-aged women with cardiovascular disease were divided into three groups including control, aquatic and dryland resistance training. The program lasted for eight weeks of resistance training (3 sessions per week/ 60 minutes per session) and started with 60% of 1RM. Fasting blood samples were taken from all participants 48 hours both prior to the beginning of the training program and after the last training session. ABCG8 relative gene expression was detected by Real-time PCR method. Repeated measures and paired t-test with a significance level of p≤ 0.05 were used to determine differences between and within groups. Repeated measures test showed a significant increase in the relative ABCG8 gene expression in both the aquatic and dryland training groups (P= 0.001). Moreover, paired-samples t-test showed a significant difference in aquatic and dryland training groups regarding ABCG8 gene expression (P= 0.001; P= 0.001). It can be concluded that both training programs on land and water training, increase ABCG8 gene expression in middle-aged women after coronary artery bypass and a possible reverse cholesterol transport process can be improved.
Microbiology
Shima Firozi Rad; Reza Habibipour; Leila Moradi Haghgou
Volume 28, Issue 4 , September and October 2021, , Pages 489-501
Abstract
Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common fungus pathogen in terms of biofilm colonization and formation. Considering that the biofilm-producing Candida species show less sensitivity to anti-fungus medicines, hence the treatment should be accomplished through other anti-fungus factors with high ...
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Introduction: Candida albicans is the most common fungus pathogen in terms of biofilm colonization and formation. Considering that the biofilm-producing Candida species show less sensitivity to anti-fungus medicines, hence the treatment should be accomplished through other anti-fungus factors with high effect and low cytotoxicity. In parallel with this, the present study investigated the C. albicans biofilm formation in the presence of Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets. Materials and Methods: Graphene Dioxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets synthesis were done through the Hummer Method using natural graphite. After 24 hours of incubating of C. albicans with different concentrations of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm of Nano-sheets, biofilm formation was investigated through the ELISA method, and results were analyzed by SPSS ver.18 software (p <0.01). Results: Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets was more effective to control C. albicans biofilm compared to Reduced Graphene Oxide (p < 0.01). The most effective concentration in biofilm formation was 100 ppm and the best time was 48 and 24 hours for Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxide respectively (p < 0.01). Conclusion: According to the obtained results, Graphene Oxide Nano-sheets and Reduced Graphene Oxide can be proposed for further investigations to control Candida albicans.
Health Education
sima ghezelbash; maryam khosravi
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 504-511
Abstract
Background: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used self-medication group among different classes of communities, including university students. Therefore this study is conducted to determine the rate of NSAIDs self-medication among student in khalkhal in 1396.Materials and Methods: ...
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Background: Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a widely used self-medication group among different classes of communities, including university students. Therefore this study is conducted to determine the rate of NSAIDs self-medication among student in khalkhal in 1396.Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on 400 university students. The samples were selected randomly from three universities (medical sciences, azad and payame noor) in khalkhal city. Data were collected by demographic and self-medication questionnaire then, the obtained data analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics (chi- square) at a significant level, p
Microbiology
Morteza Yazdani; Fereshteh Jookar Kashi; Akram Rahimi-Moghaddam
Volume 26, Issue 5 , November and December 2019, , Pages 555-565
Abstract
Background: Considering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, anticancer drugs and antibiotics on human health, in this study, bioactivities of Mentha longifolia essential oils collected from Marivan and Qaza An were examined and compared with each other for identification a natural alternative ...
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Background: Considering the adverse effects of synthetic antioxidants, anticancer drugs and antibiotics on human health, in this study, bioactivities of Mentha longifolia essential oils collected from Marivan and Qaza An were examined and compared with each other for identification a natural alternative of synthetic antioxidants, anticancer drugs and antibiotics.Materials and Methods: Essential oil of M. longifolia leaves and stems collected from Marivan and Qaza An was prepared using solvent-free microwave extraction method. The essential oil components were identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The antioxidant and cytotoxicity activity of the essential oils were determined via β–carotene bleaching assay and brine shrimp lethality test, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method and by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration.Results: The main components of M. longifolia essential oil collected from Marivan were pulegone (81.45%) and isopulegol (8.39%) and the main components of M. longifolia essential oil collected from Qaza An were pulegone (48.29%) and piperitenone oxide (23.53%). The inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation by M. longifolia essential oils collected from Marivan, Qaza An and BHT were 80.02%, 78.59% and 95.50%, respectively. The LC50 of the M. longifolia essential oils collected from Marivan, Qaza An and vincristine sulfate were 53.47μg/ml, 55.96 μg/ml and 0.751 μg/ml, respectively. M. longifolia essential oils had good antimicrobial activity, especially against gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: M. longifolia essential oils have significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity and can be introduced as alternatives of synthetic antioxidants, antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs.
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini; Sara Hamzavi; Heidar Agh baba
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 557-564
Abstract
Background and purpose: Stress and anxiety as important and common disorders in humane societies can lead to many other diseases. Due to the relatively high side effects of tranquilizers and anti-anxiety chemicals, the tendency to use herbal medicines as a treatment for anxiety disorders is increasing. ...
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Background and purpose: Stress and anxiety as important and common disorders in humane societies can lead to many other diseases. Due to the relatively high side effects of tranquilizers and anti-anxiety chemicals, the tendency to use herbal medicines as a treatment for anxiety disorders is increasing. This study evaluated the effects of alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas on anxiety in elevated plus maze, weight and plasma corticosterone levels in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 56 adult male rats were used. They were assigned to 7 groups of 8 animals including control group (no treatment), sham 1 (receiving saline), sham 2 (exposure to plus maze) and three experimental groups that received doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas via intraperitoneal injections. Elevated plus maze was used to measure anxiety. The number of ties mice were present in the open and closed arms of the maze was calculated and their plasma levels and body weight were measured. The data were analyzed using SPSS-18 via one-way ANOVA and Tukey follow-up tests. Results: The results showed that the alcoholic extract of Papaver rhoeas at the given doses increased the number of entries into the open arms of elevated plus maze. It increased weight gain of animals and reduced plasma corticosterone levels at doses 200 and 400 mg/kg at pConclusion: Probably due to its sedative properties and its morphine materials, Papaver rhoeas extract reduces anxiety levels and corticosterone and increases the weight of the animals under study.
Azam Borabadi; Mahdi Motakeffar; Houman Kamranian; Rahim Akrami
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 560-569
Abstract
Objectives Mental health is the most important factor in nurturing and developing students' potentialities. This study has tried to examine health mental and related factors in newcomer students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical research performed on ...
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Objectives Mental health is the most important factor in nurturing and developing students' potentialities. This study has tried to examine health mental and related factors in newcomer students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Methods This is a descriptive-analytical research performed on 364 students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2012-2013. Health mental Questionnaire (GHQ) was used to gather information and the data were analyzed by software STATA 11. The questions in this study were stated in the form of null hypothesis to be analyzed at the 0.05 level of significance. T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the means.Results The overall prevalence of mental disorders was found to be 11.26% (41 students). The study indicates that, of all disorders assessed, social dysfunction disorder was the most common (prevalence of 32%; 120 individuals), while depressive disorder was of the least prevalent (%2.208; 8 individuals). The maximum prevalence of disorder in female, single, non-local and undergraduate students was respectively 12.75% (32 individuals), 12.62% (33 individuals), 11.97% (31 individuals) and %12.46 (38 individuals). Comparing of the fields of education, the student in clinical laboratory science had better mental health (17.4%) than the ones in other majors.Conclusion Regarding to the obtained results, at the beginning of study, symptoms related to social conflict in students were more common than other symptoms. Confirming the existence of mental disorders in students require more psychological investigation and assessment of students. Thus, providing counseling and psychological services based on the findings are recommended.
Nursing
Ziba Raisi Dehkordi; Hadis Sourinejad; Elham Adib Moghaddam; Masoumeh Rahimi; Shahriyar Salehi Tali
Abstract
Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views ...
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Background: Preparation for a crisis is necessary. The experiences of nursing and midwifery professors and students involved in the Covid-19 pandemic have helped us clarify and better prepare for future crises, particularly for biological crises. Therefore, the present research aimed to explore the views and experiences of nursing and midwifery instructors and students regarding in-hospital crisis management during the Covid-19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, data collection was done using semi-structured interviews with 14 nursing and midwifery instructors and students with experience in caring for coronavirus patients during the covid-19 pandemic; data analysis was conducted according to the conventional content analysis approach.Results: The analysis of the interviews was accompanied by 425 inference codes, which finally ended in 9 categories and 3 main categories after merging the repeated cases (integrated management, professional ethics and development of specialized knowledge).Conclusion: In order to prepare for biological crises such as the Covid-19 pandemic, the cooperation of various organizations is necessary for a more proper management of the situation. It is also necessary for health managers to recruit workers after assessing the severity of the crisis, and to help them develop their knowledge and skills with evidence-based training, while sticking to the principles of professional ethics, and paying special attention to maintaining and improving the mental health of the workers.
Biophysics & Radiotherapy
Zohreh Danaei; Hamid Reza Baghani; Ali Asghar Mowlavi
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 605-613
Abstract
Introduction: Radon is a natural radioactive gas that easily enter to respiratory tract and cause considerable biologic damages. The main objective of this study was to determine the dose from the alpha and gamma radiations of radon decay chain products in trachea tissue using Monte Carlo simulation. ...
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Introduction: Radon is a natural radioactive gas that easily enter to respiratory tract and cause considerable biologic damages. The main objective of this study was to determine the dose from the alpha and gamma radiations of radon decay chain products in trachea tissue using Monte Carlo simulation. Materials and Methods: At first a trachea-equivalent cylindrical phantom was simulated by MCNPX Monte Carlo code. Then, dose profiles from alpha and gamma-emitter progenies were separately calculated. The daughter radionuclides were considered as suspended particles with uniform distribution inside the trachea inner volume. Results: The results showed that the received dose by trachea in alpha decay is considerably higher than that of gamma decay. The maximum administered dose by alpha decay was 1.72×10-16 Gy/decay. 218Po was had the highest dose among the studied alpha emitter daughter nuclides. The maximum administered dose by gamma decay was also equal to the 17.55×10-19 Gy/decay, where 214Pb and 214Bi had almost the same contribution in calculated dose. Conclusion: The daughter radionuclides from radon decay chain, especially alpha emitter products of 218Po and 214Po, can be considered as a serious danger viewpoint to the internal exposure. These daughter nuclides can attach to the inner wall of trachea and remain in the respiratory system for long periods of time which can cause to the continuous exposure of trachea. Reducing the biologic effects of these internal radiation source requires especial schemes in order to avoid entering the radon and its radioactive daughters to human respiratory system, as much as possible.
Psychology
Khadije Aerab Sheybani
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 609-617
Abstract
Objective: The Psychological contracts are defined as those beliefs and opinions regarding commitment among employees and employers being able to regulate the relationship among them. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the predictive role of psychological contract in nurse s' organizational ...
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Objective: The Psychological contracts are defined as those beliefs and opinions regarding commitment among employees and employers being able to regulate the relationship among them. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the predictive role of psychological contract in nurse s' organizational commitment in hospitals. Materials and method:This research is descriptive from type of correlation, Data of the study were collected using psychological contract Hui &al(2004)and organizational commitment alle, & myier(1991) questionnaire, while a sample of 400 nurses was selected using random sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-18 software as well as regression analysis. Findings: The Data analysis indicated that employee s' psychological commitment can be predicted up to 36.9 percent through psychological contract variable. More over, determination coefficient indicated that 13.6 percent of dispersion observed in organizational commitment can be explained by psychological contract variable. Conclusion: Using of psychological contract to search of relationship between employment and employer show that these relationships depended to personal,social and psychocognitional mechanism.
Psychology
zahra zare; mina ghalenoei; neda magdavifar; nafise zare; sajede etemadi
Volume 28, Issue 5 , November and December 2021, , Pages 650-662
Abstract
Introduction: An increasing number of universities around the world have postponed or canceled their teaching activities due to growing concerns about the Covid19 epidemic.Preventive measures following the Covid Crisis 19 endanger the mental health and psychosocial function of individuals.The ...
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Introduction: An increasing number of universities around the world have postponed or canceled their teaching activities due to growing concerns about the Covid19 epidemic.Preventive measures following the Covid Crisis 19 endanger the mental health and psychosocial function of individuals.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being and students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences during the Covid19 pandemic.Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on126students in1399-1400through available and online sampling. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire, Reef Psychological Well-Being Scale, and Blinges-Whames coping styles. Data analysis was performed using SPSSsoftware(version24),descriptive tests, independent t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson and linear regression.Results: The mean score of psychological well-being of the students participating in the study was 78/5± 81/67 &4/79% had high psychological well-being. The mean score of problem-oriented coping strategies of the students participating in the study was 04/3± 55/15and emotion-oriented strategies were 91/5± 43/18.There was no significant relationship between the mean total score of coping strategies and psychological well-being (0/05<p).The results of the study showed that students with older age, higher academic year and students with internship unit used more problem-oriented coping style in dealing with stress caused by Covid19.The results of regression analysis test showed that the variables of age, year and field of study among the predictor variables had significant predictive power for the emotion-oriented coping strategy variable.Conclusion: Due to the crisis caused by covid19 and its impact on mental health, it is suggested that administrators and educational planners,by holding workshops and counseling sessions for students, promote problem-based coping strategies in students.
Biophysics & Radiotherapy
Hossein Tavakoli-Anbaran; Nadere Naderi
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 665-675
Abstract
Ionizing radiation modifies the molecular structure of the cell and ultimately disrupts its function. Brachytherapy by the Gamma Iridium-192 source is one of the most widely used radiotherapy methods in cervical and prostate cancer. For this reason, in the research, we investigated the damage to the ...
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Ionizing radiation modifies the molecular structure of the cell and ultimately disrupts its function. Brachytherapy by the Gamma Iridium-192 source is one of the most widely used radiotherapy methods in cervical and prostate cancer. For this reason, in the research, we investigated the damage to the DNA molecule by photons and secondary electrons of the source at different distances, and then we obtained the dose rates in the defined dimensions of DNA. In this work, using the MCNPX code, we calculated the flux and photon dose and secondary electrons from iradium-192 Brachytherapy, in approximate dimensions of DNA in a water phantom. Then, using the electron flux obtained, through the MCDS code, we investigated the efficiency of DNA breaks at different distances from the source. The simulations indicated that DNA damage is different at various distances from the source and it depends on the number of secondary electrons reaching that region as well as its energy. With increasing the distance from the source, the values of the probability distribution function of DNA single-strand and two-strand breaks diminish. It was also observed that these values had peaks at distances of 0.04 and 2.5 cm from the source, where the maximum probability of single-strand break at those distances was 8.06% and 3.9%, respectively, and the maximum probability of the two-strand break at those distances was 0.54% and 0.11%, respectively. It is notable that the dose reaching the DNA at these distances was 27.202 and 0.005 mGy/h, respectively.
nutrition
babak hooshmand moghadam; Arezou Behjat; Fatemeh shabkhiz; Mozhgan Eskandari; Ali Bakhtiyari
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 710-718
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the simultaneous and independent effects of a Rope Jumping Training course and dark chocolate consumption on anthropometric indices and omentin-1 levels in obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: 40 obese teenagers were randomly divided ...
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Introduction: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the simultaneous and independent effects of a Rope Jumping Training course and dark chocolate consumption on anthropometric indices and omentin-1 levels in obese adolescents. Materials and Methods: 40 obese teenagers were randomly divided into four homogeneous groups: Rope Jumping Training (1), dark chocolate (2), Training + dark chocolate (3) and control (4). Subjects in the second and third groups daily consumed 30 grams of dark chocolate (83 percent cocoa) for six weeks. Also, subjects the first and third groups performed Rope Jumping Training for six weeks (40 minutes a day, 5 days a week). Before and after six weeks anthropometric indices and blood samples were taken to measure the biochemical values of the subjects. Results: After performing the protocol, the values of omentin -1 increased, and weight and BMI showed a significant decrease in the first, second and third groups. While the percentage of fat and WHR only decreased significantly in the first and third groups (P≤0.05). The intergroup analysis also showed significant changes in omentin -1, weight, BMI, body fat percentage and WHR in the first, second and third groups compared to the fourth group, with the most of these changes seen in the third group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Rope Jumping Training and the use of dark chocolate independently and simultaneously improve the body composition and increase the levels of omentin-1 in obese adolescents, which results in better results at the same time.
Mohammad-Mehdi Yaghoti-Khorasani; Sasha sadat Sajjadi; Sepideh Asar
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 724-731
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The first maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth are the first teeth that erupt behind primary dentition. So they maybe decayed because of carelessness. Caries of these teeth can extend to the pulphorn and result pulp and periapical diseases. The purpose of this study ...
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Background & Objectives: The first maxillary and mandibular permanent molar teeth are the first teeth that erupt behind primary dentition. So they maybe decayed because of carelessness. Caries of these teeth can extend to the pulphorn and result pulp and periapical diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the need for first molar root canal therapy in school children of 8 to11years old in Rafsanjan in 2013. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 450 students of 8-11years (210 girls and 240 boys) were selected in Rafsanjan schools in 2013, using a random cluster sampling method. We examined their maxillary and mandibular first molars with a mirror and an explorer.We used SPSS version 17 and Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests for statistical analysis. P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Results: In 57 students (12.66%) there was an indication for endodontic treatment of the first molars. The need for endodontic therapy was significantly related to the subjects' age (p=0<001), fathers' education level (p=0.046), mother's education level (p=0.005) and father's job (p=0.001). Conclusion: Age, gender, parent's eduction level and job are important and influencing factors in necessity of first molar root canal therapy in 8- to 11-year-old school children.
Ahmad Hamta; Narges Sharif
Abstract
Backgrounds Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) evolve from lipid kinase that regulates the diverse cellular signaling pathways and are often altered in human cancers. Mutations in the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit PI3K ...
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Backgrounds Breast cancer is the most common cancer in females worldwide. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) evolve from lipid kinase that regulates the diverse cellular signaling pathways and are often altered in human cancers. Mutations in the gene encoding the p110α catalytic subunit PI3K (PIK3CA) can increase the enzyme activity and cause uncontrolled growth in cells. Previous studies indicated high frequency of mutation in PIK3CA gene in breast cancer. The current study aimed at determining the activating mutations of PI3K gene that can treat breast cancer using kinase activity of the enzyme inhibitors.Methods & Materials In the current study, due to the high rate of breast cancer in Markazi province, mutations of PIK3CA gene in 45 patient samples and 20 controls were investigated by the means of single-strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) and direct DNA sequencing. In addition, the correlation between PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathological factors including age at diagnosis, lymph node metastases, subtype histology, tumor size, and histological grade were investigated by the Pearson Chisquare (X2) test.Results Among the 26.6% PIK3CA gene mutations in the study, 75% were identified in the exon 9; and accordingly, in addition to hotspot mutation [G1624A (E542K)], another mutation [G1634C (E545A)] was also detected. The current study showed no significant correlation between PIK3CA mutations and clinicopathological factors. Conclusion Mutations in PI3K gene, a proto-oncogene, showed the importance of this pathway for therapeutic purposes to prevent and cease the growth of breast cancer
Health and environment
Masoud Rismanchian; Karim Ebrahim; Zahra Ordudari
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 749-762
Abstract
Abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Assadi and et al. in 2006. This method is a very popular and benign sample-preparation technique. Fast, cost benefit, easy and fast operation, low consumption of organic solvents, ...
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Abstract: Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a recent microextraction technique that was first developed by Assadi and et al. in 2006. This method is a very popular and benign sample-preparation technique. Fast, cost benefit, easy and fast operation, low consumption of organic solvents, high enrichment factor and short extraction time are the advantages of this technique. Simultaneous extraction and preconcentration of analytes in to a micro-volume of extraction solvent is based on a ternary solvent system. Extraction solvent must be non polar, water immiscible and usually have higher density than water. Being polar and water miscible is often considered as a necessary feature for the disperser solvent. The present review study, aims at introducing basic principles of DLLME method, parameters affecting the extraction efficiency and finally evaluating the application of DLLME method in extraction hazardous material in work place. ...... ......... ..... ..... ..... ........ ........ .......... ........... ................ ..........