mahmoud mohammadyan; milad pouransari; reza ali mohammadpour tahmtan; Seyyed Mehdi Razavi; Akbar Ahmadi Asoor
Volume 25, Issue 3 , July and August 2018, , Pages 379-387
Abstract
Introduction: Considering the great importance of the workforce’s wellbeing as well as the employment of a large number of workers in the in the cement industries in Iran, the current study was carried out in the aim of evaluation of the respirable dust concentrations in the workers breathing zone ...
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Introduction: Considering the great importance of the workforce’s wellbeing as well as the employment of a large number of workers in the in the cement industries in Iran, the current study was carried out in the aim of evaluation of the respirable dust concentrations in the workers breathing zone in a cement factory in Khorasan Razavi province.Materials and Methods: In this study, respirable particle concentration was evaluated in the breathing zone of 70 workers in a cement factory who were working at different work sites in the cement factory processes. The standard methodology of 0600 recommended by the US NIOSH was followed to determine respirable dust concentration using a personal sampling pump, aluminum cyclone and pvc filter. Results: The average respirable dust concentration was 3.9 mg/m3 for all workers that means 77% of workers were exposed to respirable cement particles higher than. The maximum mean concentration of respirable particles in the workers breathing zone was found in the cement grinding site 9.3 mg/m3 and the minimum one was measured in the stone crushing and mining site 1.8 mg/m3.Conclusion: The average concentration of respirable dust concentration in the workers’ breathing zone was higher than OEL in both warm and cold climates. The warm weather and the wind comes from the desert and dry areas contribute to the increase of the concentration of respirable particles in the breathing zone of the workers in various parts of the plant who are exposed to the naturally ventilated air.
Physical Education
mehdi yadegari; Simin Riahy; Shadmehr Mirdar; Gholamreza Hamidian
Volume 26, Issue 3 , September and October 2019, , Pages 393-402
Abstract
Background: This study investigated the effect of 3-weeks Taper in hypoxic environment on the ratio of Bax / Bcl2 and alveolar epithelial cells populations in the lung.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five rats (4 weeks old, weighing 8 ± 72 g) were divided in five groups: control (6 weeks), training ...
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Background: This study investigated the effect of 3-weeks Taper in hypoxic environment on the ratio of Bax / Bcl2 and alveolar epithelial cells populations in the lung.Materials and Methods: Thirty-five rats (4 weeks old, weighing 8 ± 72 g) were divided in five groups: control (6 weeks), training (6 weeks), hypoxia (3 weeks), hypoxia - taper (3 weeks) and control (9 weeks). Samples entered to the hypoxia after six weeks of interval training and lived there for 3 weeks. another group with exposure to hypoxic environment , implementation Taper technique.Bax/Bcl2 ratio of lung measured by immunohistochemistry and type II and type I pneumocytes population of pulmonary alveolar measured with stereologically.Results: Bax/Bcl2 ratio and type II pneumocytes population Increased and type I pneumocytes population Decreased After six weeks high intensity interval training (P≤0.5).Bax/Bcl2 ratio and type I pneumocytes population of hypoxia group decreased compared with training group (P≤0.5). three weeks taper in hypoxia group, Led to decrease of Bax/Bcl2 ratio , type II population pneumocytes and Increase of type I pneumocytes (P≤0.5).Conclusion: It seems high intensity interval training and subsequent hypoxia can increase pulmonary alveolar apoptosis. also appears taper is a Efficient Method to decrease of apoptosis lung.
Psychology
Mahdi Amini; yasaman Shiasy; Zahra Motallebi; mozhgan lotfi
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 424-430
Abstract
Background and objectives: Low quality of life and high stress are the most frequently stated problems that faced by in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. This research aims to understand the role of emotion regulation and personality traits as predictors of quality of life and general ...
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Background and objectives: Low quality of life and high stress are the most frequently stated problems that faced by in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. This research aims to understand the role of emotion regulation and personality traits as predictors of quality of life and general health in a sample of mothers of children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders.Materials & Methods: This study was a descriptive-correlation design. It was done in Tehran in 1396.Eighty mothers participated through convenient sampling. Mothers answered a questionnaire on Emotion Regulation Strategies, General Health, Five-Factor Inventory (brief form), Who-Quality of life. Data was analyzed by SPSS-23. Stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: Results show that the emotion regulation strategies as repression and personality traits like extroversion and neurosis predict general health and quality of life in mothers. Results were significant at the p = 0.05 level.Conclusion: Our results indicated the significant role of emotion regulation strategies and personality traits in general health and quality of life. Developing interventions in emotion regulation could be help to improve mother’s general health. Hence the design of studies in the field of setting up the excitement of mothers and strengthen positive personality characteristics, such as the extroversion can improve the quality of life and general health.
nutrition
Alireza Pouresmaeili; mohammadreza vaezi kakhki; MAHDI NARESTANI
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 431-438
Abstract
Introduction: The risk of starvation and the increasing number of hungry people around the world has increased due to the world's population growth and lack of food and supplies. Climate change, in addition to global population growth, has affected food shortages. As a result, food security is at risk. ...
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Introduction: The risk of starvation and the increasing number of hungry people around the world has increased due to the world's population growth and lack of food and supplies. Climate change, in addition to global population growth, has affected food shortages. As a result, food security is at risk. Therefore, challenges has been paid to Genetically Modified Crops and Genetically Modified Food. The aim of this study was to investigate the health, legal and ethical challenges of transgenic food consumers.
Materials and Methods: This paper is a narrative review; the search was done on articles and books in Persian and English, published and indexed in PubMed ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, and Magiran databases. This search was carried out individually and in combination, with no time limit in published and indexed articles and books until the end of 2021, and after retrieval, they were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: In this narrative review study, the health, ethical and legal challenges of GM food to consumer rights were examined to show how a balance can be struck between the right to food and the right to health and food security.
Conclusion: The Non-Maleficent Ethical Rule requires that governments closely monitor producers of GM crops and foods in order to ensure food security and prevent producers from abusing their rights. Therefore, the production of GM crops and foods should not cause harm to the consumer and the environment around him. In addition, the consumer must be aware of the presence of GM foods in order to exercise his or her choice right.
Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi; Najmeh Mahmoodabadi; Zohreh Sajadiniya; Rahim Golmohamadi; Hossein Elyasi
Volume 23, Issue 3 , July and August 2016, , Pages 490-495
Abstract
Background Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women frequently leads to congenital toxoplasmosis which may cause abortion or severe diseases such as premature birth, ...
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Background Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite that infects all warm-blooded animals, including humans. Acute infection with Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women frequently leads to congenital toxoplasmosis which may cause abortion or severe diseases such as premature birth, permanent neurological damage, and visual impairment in the baby. Serological survey in females before marriage can reveal immune status of them against toxoplasmosis. This research aimed to determine the anti-toxoplasma antibodies in female students of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.Materials & Methods In this cross-sectional study, 137 blood samples were taken from female students that were randomly selected and used for the measurement of anti-toxoplasma antibodies by ELISA method. Using a researcher-designed questionnaire, information such as consuming grilled and undercooked meat, exposure to cats and residency status was collected. The data analysis was performed by Chi-square test using SPSS.Results The detected IgG antibodies in 18(13.1%) samples were significant, and no IgM antibody was found in the studied samples. There were no significant differences between infection and factors such as residency status (urban/rural), vegetables consumption, cat keeping, eating underdone and roasted meat (P>0.1).Conclusion The results of this study revealed that 86.9% of female students were seronegative and at high risk for acquiring infection, thus they should be educated to prevent contracting congenital toxoplasmosis during the period of pregnancy.
Health and environment
Ali Esrafili; Maryam Izanloo; Mahdi Farzadkia; Ahmad Joneidi Jafari; Mina Yousefi
Volume 26, Issue 4 , November and December 2019, , Pages 535-546
Abstract
Nowadays,due to the irreparable effects imposed on aquatic ecosystems,organisms and humans,the removal of heavy metals and herbicides from water sources has extremely become vital.In recent years, the process of adsorbing contaminants with magnetic nanoparticles has gained lots of attention.Therefore, ...
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Nowadays,due to the irreparable effects imposed on aquatic ecosystems,organisms and humans,the removal of heavy metals and herbicides from water sources has extremely become vital.In recent years, the process of adsorbing contaminants with magnetic nanoparticles has gained lots of attention.Therefore, the present study aimed to synthesize nanoparticles as an adsorbent for adsorption of the contaminants of Pb and 2,4-D from water. Materials and methods:To evaluate the effect of independent variables such as pH(3-11),contact time(0-150min),adsorbent dose(0.2-1.2g/L) and adsorbate concentration(5-50mg/L) on the contaminant removal and determine the optimal conditions, the method of one factor at the time was used by design expert software. Nanoparticles were synthesized via a co-precipitation method and their morphology were characterized by TEM,XRD,FT-IR and SEM. Finally, the experiments were performed on aqueous solution. Results: Structural analysis revealed that adsorbent has a spherical structure with a Fe3O4 core and SiO2 shell, modified by both amine and thiol functional groups.The results of experiments showed that the maximum adsorption efficiency of single system occurred at pH 5 and contact time 40 min for lead and at pH6 and contact time 90min for 2,4-D.Also the optimal values of adsorbent dose and initial concentration obtained 0.8 g/L and 10 mg/L. In the binary adsorption system,the maximum adsorption efficiency determined at pH 6 and contact time 40 min for lead and contact time 60 min for 2,4-D and adsorbent dose 1.2 g/L. Conclusion:According to the results,the bi-functional nanoadsorbent could be effectively used for the simultaneous removal of inorganic and organic pollutants from various aqueous solutions.
Microbiology
Mazaher Mazaher Ghorbani; Slaman Ahmady-Asbchin
Volume 25, Issue 4 , September and October 2018, , Pages 591-598
Abstract
Background and Objective: Because of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, the new generation of researchers sought antimicrobial agents with plant origin as alternative medicine. Oregano is from Lamiaceae family and coriander is from Apiaceae family and has antimicrobial ...
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Background and Objective: Because of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to common antibiotics, the new generation of researchers sought antimicrobial agents with plant origin as alternative medicine. Oregano is from Lamiaceae family and coriander is from Apiaceae family and has antimicrobial properties.Materials and Methods: This study aimed to investigate and compare the inhibitory effects of alcoholic extracts of coriander and oregano plants on Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and Salmonella. 1000 ml of alcohol poured round-bottom flask, then the target plant (200-300 g of dried powder of plant) put into envelopes of filter paper and envelopes was placed in a distillation device. After 24-48 hours the obtained alcoholic extract was placed in the oven. DMSO was used to provide different concentrations of ethanol extract.Results: The concentrations of 31/25 and 62/5 mg / ml of alcoholic extract of oregano and concentrations of 62.5 and 125 mg / ml coriander were able to inhibit and kill Staphylococcus aureus and weren`t able to inhibit and kill Salmonella and Klebsiella respectively .Conclusion: Although the clinical application of plant extracts and essences seems valuable due to fewer side effects compared to conventional therapeutic agents, in order to clinical application of plant extracts of oregano and coriander, more research about the mechanism of action of effective components of this plant on the microbial agents is needed.
somayeh bolghanabadi; fateme khanzade; fateme gholami; najme moghimi
Volume 27, Issue 4 , November and December 2020, , Pages 614-619
Abstract
Introduction: Incidence of musculoskeletal disorders is one of the effects of inappropriateness between subjects and technology, which reduces the level of human immunity, occurrence of occupational disabilities, loss of working time and increasing costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors ...
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Introduction: Incidence of musculoskeletal disorders is one of the effects of inappropriateness between subjects and technology, which reduces the level of human immunity, occurrence of occupational disabilities, loss of working time and increasing costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders for assemblers in an electric industry workerand effect of interventions on reducing the level of these disorders.
Materials and Methods: This interventional study was carried out among 75 women workers in a wall plug factory having more than one year working experience in 2017. The data collected were analyzed by using SPSS software version 20 and Chi-square, regression, independent t-test, after reviewing medical documentation and completing QEC and Nordic questionnaires before and after ergonomic interventions which was done in the form of training and corrective actions.
Results: According to the results, the highest reported musculoskeletal disorders were in the shoulder, wrist, lower waist, upper lobe with frequency of 68%, 61%, 58% and 51%, respectively, that with respect to ergonomic interventions, this reduction for each area was 60%, 46%, 49% and 46%, respectively, which was relatively a good reduction in abnormalities.
Conclusion: The interventions in this industry have shown the effectiveness of these methods for reducing musculoskeletal disorders, and it can be concluded that educational interventions and making activities periodically together have been effective in reducing disorders.
Mohammad Siavoshi; Mosareza Tadayonfar; Mahtab Khajeh; Seyyed Ehsan Saffari
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 660-667
Abstract
Background and Purpose: While washing and dressing burn injuries, patients suffer from the acute pain. Therefor finding complementary methods with no side effects is an important issue. Thus this study was aimed at investigating the effect of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) in pain ...
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Background and Purpose: While washing and dressing burn injuries, patients suffer from the acute pain. Therefor finding complementary methods with no side effects is an important issue. Thus this study was aimed at investigating the effect of TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) in pain controlling while washing and dressing burn injuries. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients with burn injuries among those referred to Sabzevar Vasee Hospital in 2014 were studied. The patients were divided into three groups (each group 20 patients) including control group (no treatment), case group (received morphine before dressing) and placebo group (received both morphine and TENS before dressing). At the end patients were asked to scale the amount of pain which they have experienced using pain numerical scale 0-10. The Data were analyzed using Friedman,Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-wallis tests and SPSS software (18th version). Note that P value was utilized at significant level 0.05. Results: Thepain average in control group was obtained about 5.45±0.52, in case group 5.00±0.48 and in placebo group 7.00±0.56. Thus a significant difference between three groups was obtained. (P=0.00). Conclusion: Results showed using both TENS and morphine before washing and dressing burn injuries is effective to reduce the pain
Zahra Komeili; Mohadeseh Shahidi; Hassan Naemi; Ali Hossein-Zadeh
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 672-679
Abstract
Background A healthy lifestyle in old age is of considerable importance. Iranian elderly population is increasing day by day. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting their lifestyle is the concern of country's health system policy makers. This study was conducted to study the lifestyle of the over ...
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Background A healthy lifestyle in old age is of considerable importance. Iranian elderly population is increasing day by day. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting their lifestyle is the concern of country's health system policy makers. This study was conducted to study the lifestyle of the over 60-year-old retired staff of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.Materials & Methods The research was descriptive in the form of cross-sectional study. Using the Morgan table, a sample of 110 retired staff of Sabzevar Medical Science University were selected by simple random sampling method. Demographic and healthy lifestyle information was collected with the standard assessment healthy lifestyle questionnaires to assess Iranian elderly. The data were entered into SPSS version 22, and analyzed through descriptive statistics, t test, and ANOVA.Results Out of 110 subjects, 85 were males (77.3%) and 25 were females (22.7%). In terms of education, 40 (36.6%) were illiterate, 56 (50.90%) had diplomas, and 14 (12.72%) had an academic degree. The mean(SD) total score of lifestyle in men was 148.82(16.65) and in women 144.40(17.05). T test showed that this difference was significant. According to this test, significant differences were observed between men and women with regard to recreation, exercise (P=0.032), and social relations (P=0.008) .Conclusion The results showed that the elderly of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences were ranked average regarding their lifestyle, so their education of healthy lifstyle must be pursed more seriously.
Health Education
Zahra Sharifi; fateme salimi; maryam javadi; Fateme Abareshi; Rahim Akrami
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 720-726
Abstract
Background: Computer users are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to immobility and static activities, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders using ROSA method among computer users of administrative section of Sabzevars hospitals. Materials ...
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Background: Computer users are at risk of musculoskeletal disorders due to immobility and static activities, therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders using ROSA method among computer users of administrative section of Sabzevars hospitals. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, which conducted 1397, 151 administrative staff were selected from four hospitals by census method. To investigate the pattern of pain in their limbs, participants completed the Body Map checklist and ROSA method was used to assess the ergonomic risk factors at workstations. Data were analyzed using SPSS software and t-test, Chi-Square / Fisher's Exact and Pearson statistical tests was analyzed. Results: The results showed that the most pain and discomfort reported among the participants were in the lower back (54.32%), back (51.16%), neck (44.24%), and shoulder (38.97%), respectively. Moreover, knee (36.02%). It also showed a significant relationship between age, work experience, exercise and gender with musculoskeletal pain (P-value <0.05). There was a significant relationship between chair score with pain in back, back and knees and mouse and keyboard score with pain in shoulder and wrist (P-value <0.01). Conclusion: The high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain and the high score obtained in the ROSA method among hospital staff is evidence of the need for ergonomic interventions among them.
Nursing
Zahra Estaji; Mojtaba Rad; Mohammad Hasan Rakhshani; mehdi miri
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 723-729
Abstract
Background: It is important to maintain proper endotracheal tube cuff pressure during hospitalization in intensive care units (ICUs). Among variables affecting endotracheal tube cuff pressure (p.cuff) in patients is various nursing practices. So, this study assessed the effect of body position changes ...
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Background: It is important to maintain proper endotracheal tube cuff pressure during hospitalization in intensive care units (ICUs). Among variables affecting endotracheal tube cuff pressure (p.cuff) in patients is various nursing practices. So, this study assessed the effect of body position changes on p.cuff in patients hospitalized at the ICU. Materials and methods: In this clinical trial, mechanically ventilated patients with oral endotracheal tube hospitalized at the ICU were enrolled. The patients were selected using the purposive sampling method. A demographic data checklist and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale were used to collect the data. p.cuff changes, after changing body position to the left and right at bed angles of 30° and 45°, were immediately measured and recorded. The data were analyzed using the SAS and SPSS 19 software packages along with descriptive statistical tests, chi-square test, independent t-test and ANOVA at the significance level of 0.05.Results: The results of this study showed no significant relationship between demographic variables and endotracheal tube cuff pressure changes. The results indicated a significant relationship between endotracheal tube cuff pressure at 30-degree bed angle and cuff pressure in the body position changes to the left (p = 0.004) and right (p = 0.00), as well as between 45° head of bed and cuff pressure in the body position changes to right (p = 0.012).Conclusion: The endotracheal tube cuff pressure was observed to change by changing the patient's position, change. Therefore, it is recommended to measure p.cuff and regulate it within the therapeutic range.
Gyneocology
Samaneh Maskani; Mahin Tafazoli; Hasan Rakhshandeh; Habibollah Esmaily
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 779-787
Abstract
Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. This syndrome reduces the quality of life. Quality of life is a major measure in medical and health care. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the quality of life ...
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Background: Premenstrual syndrome is a collection of emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. This syndrome reduces the quality of life. Quality of life is a major measure in medical and health care. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Nigella sativa seeds on the quality of life of students with premenstrual syndrome.Materials and Methods: Double blind randomized clinical trial study was performed on 84 students with symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in 1396. The subjects were randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 1500 mg of Nigella sativa seeds daily from 7 days before the onset of menstrual bleeding to the first 3 days of menstrual bleeding for 2 cycles, and the placebo received similar capsules containing the same ratio of lactose and starch in the same conditions. Quality of life and severity of symptoms of premenstrual syndrome were compared to the end of the second month of interventiontwo with before intervention. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 23 and Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Independent T-test and paired T-test. The significance level was considered as P
Khatereh Kamali; Asieh Abbasi Daloii; Ahmad Abdi; Seyyed Javad Ziaolhagh; Alireza Barari
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 823-831
Abstract
Background Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of 8-week aerobic exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and hs-CRP and insulin resistance in overweight women. Materials & Methods: 20 overweight women (weight 73.19 ± 2.28 kg, age 39.38 ± ...
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Background Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible effect of 8-week aerobic exercise on undercarboxylated osteocalcin and hs-CRP and insulin resistance in overweight women. Materials & Methods: 20 overweight women (weight 73.19 ± 2.28 kg, age 39.38 ± 3.66 years old, height 1.61 ± 0.04 cm, and body mass index(BMI) 28.19 ± 4.36 kg/m2) were randomly selected and divided into control and experimental groups. Blood samples from participants were taken 48 hours before pre-test and also after 8 weeks of training. Aerobic exercise was done within 8 weeks – 3 sessions per week with the intensity of 65-70% of reserve heart rate. Data analysis for intragroup and intergroup differences was done using dependent and independent t-test, respectively. A significant difference was observed at pResults: The study yielded that the level of undercarboxylated osteocalcin in experimental group significantly increased (p=0.01) in comparison to that of control group. It was also revealed that, in comparison with control group, the level of hs-CRP (p=0.083) and insulin resistance (p=0.158) in experimental group insignificantly decreased after 8-week training. Conclusions: The eight weeks of regular exercise showed significant increase in undercarboxylated osteocalcin that, with possible impact on beta cells, can be cause improvement in effective factors of resistance insulin such as increased insulin secretion and decreased glucose levels.
Internal Medicine
hassan Ramshini; afsaneh kaffash
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 852-859
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it spread to almost 216 countries due to its high contagious nature, so the World ...
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Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has become the current health concern to the entire world. Initially appeared in Wuhan, China around December 2019, it spread to almost 216 countries due to its high contagious nature, so the World Health Organization recently declared the pandemic feature of the infection. SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19) which is genetically similar to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an enveloped, single and positive-stranded RNA virus with a genome comprising 29,891 nucleotides, which encode the 12 putative open reading frames responsible for the synthesis of viral structural and nonstructural proteins which are very similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV proteins. Currently, there are no approved treatments for COVID-19. For this reason, we reviewed existing publications about Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) regarding epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatments. Materials and Methods: Given the various investigations on the Virus (15928 publications in MEDLINE database, Until May 26, 2020) and various clinical data generated by the large number of laboratories, clinicians need accurate evidence regarding effective medical treatments for this infection. In this review, MEDLINE, SCIENCE DIRECT and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles. Results: Since the emergence of COVID-19 infection there was a large interest in the development of an effective therapy for this disease. In this review, we summarized the available literature on possible therapeutic options including in vitro, animal and human studies. This review has presented a picture of the current findings on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention of COVID-19. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic represents the world's biggest public health crisis. Clinical trials that have begun to look for potential treatments for COVID-19 are very high, but unfortunately have not yet led to the development of an effective drug. Thus, to overcome on this crisis preventive and coordinated emergency measures between all countries are needed.
Nursing
Seyed Mehdi Saadati; Abdolhosein Emamisigaroudi; mino mitra chehrzad; ehsan kazem nezhad lili
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 875-883
Abstract
Introduction and objective: Clinical competency is very important in order to maintain power and authority to carry out nursing activities.This study aimed to compare the pediatric nursing clinical competency from the viewpoints of nurses and headnurses in pediatric educational therapeutic center in ...
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Introduction and objective: Clinical competency is very important in order to maintain power and authority to carry out nursing activities.This study aimed to compare the pediatric nursing clinical competency from the viewpoints of nurses and headnurses in pediatric educational therapeutic center in Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2017-18.Methods: This is a cross – sectional, descriptive analytical study in which all nurses and headnurses employed in pediatric wards of hospital affiliated to Guilan University of Medical Sciences were selected by census method. Data were collected by demographic tools and Liu standardized questionnaire, namely the competency inventory for registered nurses, (CRIN) and specific pediatric questionnaire designed by researchet to evaluate of pediatric nursing competency. Data were analyzed by SPSS ver 16, and descriptive and interfrential statistics. Result: .The mean score of self assessment of general clinical competence from nurses’ viewpoint was 170.88±16.31 and headnurses’ was (159.47±20.91) and mean score of specific clinical competence of nurses and headnurses were (78.47±10.41) and (74.22±11.59) repectively. There was significant relationship between variables such as age, marital status, employment status, level of education and interest in nursing profession and clinical competence (P≤0.05).Conclusion: Results showed that the mean score of general and specific clinical competence of nurses was higher than headnurses’ mean score. Clinical competence was satisfactory from the viewpoints of nurses and headnurses and periodic assessment of the level of clinical competence was conducted by nursing managers to promote clinical skills
Health and environment
Ramezan Sadeghi; Mehraban Sadeghi; Rahman Abdizadeh; Morteza Sedehi; Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtori; Shahrbanou Parchami Barjui; Mohammad Rasoul Asadi Amirabadi
Volume 28, Issue 6 , January and February 2022, , Pages 982-994
Abstract
Backgrounds: Similar to some organic materials the heavy metals are not easily removed from the environment because of the toxic nature and form a class of stable and non-biodegradable pollutants. These elements enter the nature and the food chain as a result of natural activities such as eruptions of ...
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Backgrounds: Similar to some organic materials the heavy metals are not easily removed from the environment because of the toxic nature and form a class of stable and non-biodegradable pollutants. These elements enter the nature and the food chain as a result of natural activities such as eruptions of volcanoes and human activities such as mining, producing industrial and urban wastewaters and applying pesticides.Materials and Methods: In this study, chrome (VI) -resistant bacteria were isolated from the industrial wastewater taken from Isfahan Mobarakeh Steel Complex. The isolated strains were identified and their resistance to chromium was determined and the strain with the highest resistance to chromium was used for its bioremediation.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one way ANOVA.Results: The results of this study led to the identification of five chrome resistant strains that the Micrococcus luteus SEHD031RS bacterium was detected as the best chrome resistant strain due to the minimum inhibitory concentration of 140 mgL-1 and minimum bactericidal concentration of 152 mgL-1. In this study, the highest chromium removal rate of 82.5% was obtained at pH 4, concentration of 30 mgL-1 and 96 hours.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the Micrococcus luteus SEHD031RS strain can be used as an effective microorganism in removing chromium from industrial wastewater or environmental bioremediation.
Mohammad Ali Yaghobifar; Mansoureh Feizabadi; Maliheh Dalili Saleh; Ehsan Saffari
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1052-1062
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Libraries are the main levers of supporting educational programs in any university. A university without a good library cannot be successful in fulfilling its educational and research programs. The current condition of a library should be studies to find out whether it plays ...
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Background & Objectives: Libraries are the main levers of supporting educational programs in any university. A university without a good library cannot be successful in fulfilling its educational and research programs. The current condition of a library should be studies to find out whether it plays its part well as one of the main components of the university.
Materials & Methods: In the present research, the condition of the central library of the Medical University in Sabzevar was studied based on four quantitative indices of budget, human resources, collection, building and equipments. The library condition in 2011 was investigated and descriptive statistics (the mean, standard deviation, percentage and frequency) were used to obtain the required information.
Results: The findings showed that the library has complied 71.42 and 38.5 percent of the required standards of human resources and collection, respectively. On the other hand, the reported budget index was 3.2 times higher than the standard amount (320%). The standard index of building and equipments has been observed up to 51.48 percent.
Conclusion: In general, among the four quantitative standards (budget, human resources, collection, building and equipments), only the budget standard has been completely observed by the central library of the Medical University of Sabzevar and other aspects are far from the standards.
Majid Taheri; Mahmoud Abbasi; Mehri Mohammadi; Abolfazl Mohammadbeigi; Abolfazl Jokar; Mohsen Mokhtari; Amir Almasi-Hashiani
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 95-102
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Electronic learning is a pre-constructed and programmed use of electronic system and computer for supporting the process of learning. This study aimed to investigate the effect of electronic education on cognitive learning of health pratitioners and compares this new education ...
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Background & Objectives: Electronic learning is a pre-constructed and programmed use of electronic system and computer for supporting the process of learning. This study aimed to investigate the effect of electronic education on cognitive learning of health pratitioners and compares this new education with traditional one in research methodology in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Materials & Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-and-post test design. All of health practitioners of Arak University of Medical Sciences (60 people) were chosen as the study sample, and randomly divided into two, conventional and web-based groups. The intervention method for the first group was a 3-days workshop on research methodology and for the second group it consisted of a web-based education course on same subject. The students’ knowledge in both groups was measured at the beginning and end of each course with pre and post tests and the scores was compared through paired T- test. Results: The cognitive learning is measured with 81% significance in pre and post-test processes (p=0.001). We use the descriptive statistics indexes and T-test to understand the data with purpose of statistics analysis and hypothesis test. The result shows that electronic education in cognitive learning is successful. There is significant different between students with electronic education and traditional one. In addition electronic education increases student’s knowledge (p=0.001) and understanding (p=0.001). Ability of analysis and assessment in students who pass electronic learning is very high in comparison with those who don’t pass it. Conclusion: Using web-based education as a training method causes promotion of student’s cognitive learning and paves the way for using this method along with classic training methods in research methodology. A combination of the mentioned factors is effective on e-learning for higher education.
Health Education
Ayeshe Amini; Shamsedin Niknami; Ata Bahmani
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 127-133
Abstract
Background: According to recent statistics, the teenagers form 28.1% of the population in our country. Also, 15% of children under 5 year suffer from stunting, and 9% had moderate to severe underweight moderate and severe based on weight and age. By considering the importance of nutrition in adolescence, ...
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Background: According to recent statistics, the teenagers form 28.1% of the population in our country. Also, 15% of children under 5 year suffer from stunting, and 9% had moderate to severe underweight moderate and severe based on weight and age. By considering the importance of nutrition in adolescence, as well as the role of health education in providing effective training to create the proper nutritional habits, researcher aimed to determine the effect of educational intervention on the nutritional behavior of female students of secondary school in Chabahar city. Materials and Methods: This is a quasi-experimental research conducted on two groups of 90 female students, selected randomly from two middle schools of Chabahar. Iran in 2012 – 2013. The samples were divided into two groups randomly, as control group and test group (n= 45). Data collection instruments was FFQ questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed at two stages (before, and 3 months later after educational intervention) by the students. Following the pre-test, the educational intervention has been conducted in 4 sessions in a 10-day period of time. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 and appropriate statistical tests. Results: There was not significant difference between the two groups before intervention, concerning their average scores of the main variables of the study (P>0.05). There appeared meaningful differences between the two groups after intervention concerning the average scores of facilitating behaviors (P<0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this research educational intervention has positively effects on the students' nutrition pattern.
Tahereh Sharifi; Mina Namdari; Naser Hasheminejad
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 133-142
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Due to time constraints on tasks, critical condition of the patient, and decisions in critical situation, the personnel of emergency medical services (EMS) are highly susceptible to stress which can have serious consequences, such as leaving the profession. This study aimed ...
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Background & Objectives: Due to time constraints on tasks, critical condition of the patient, and decisions in critical situation, the personnel of emergency medical services (EMS) are highly susceptible to stress which can have serious consequences, such as leaving the profession. This study aimed to investigate occupational stress and its relation with intention to stay as employee of Kerman, s EMS center, Iran. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 200 employees of Kerman’s EMS center who were selected by stratified sampling. Data collecting method was obtained by a questionnaire consisting of two parts: HSE job stress questionnaire, and Need intention to stay questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, T-test, regression test, and SPSS software. The results were considered significant when pResults: The average of job stress and intention to stay was 89.35±26.67 and 3.32±0.3, respectively. The results of Pearson analysis showed negative correlation between job stress and intention to stay in employees (r= -0.21, p<0.01) and positive correlation between dimensions of job stress (p<0.05). Based on regression analysis, no significant relationship was found between job stress and number of children and work experience. It means that these two variables cannot be considered as predictor variables of job stress with 95% confidence (p>0.05). Conclusion: Due to finding that employees with low job stress tend to have higher intention to stay, effective strategies to decrease level of job stress for employees, like supervisor supports, employees consultation and participation in decisions, and changes the organization, should be developed.
Psychology
Ebrahim Namani; Ahmad Ehsani-kia
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 133-143
Abstract
Background: the period of pregnancy and childbirth influences the quality of psychological life and marital satisfaction in addition to physiological changes. According to the importance of effective variables on marital satisfaction, the present research studied the moderating effect of psychological ...
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Background: the period of pregnancy and childbirth influences the quality of psychological life and marital satisfaction in addition to physiological changes. According to the importance of effective variables on marital satisfaction, the present research studied the moderating effect of psychological well-being in relation between adaptability and family correlation with marital satisfaction among women with first parturition. Materials and Methods: it is a descriptive-correlation research. The population of the present research included all women with first parturition in June and August of 2017 in Shahidan-Movini hospital of Sabzevar (420 individuals). 198 individuals were selected by available and voluntary sampling. In order to obtain data, 18-question form of Rief's psychological well-being questionnaire (RSPWB-18) (1989), Olson family correlation and adaptability scale (1999) and Enrich marital satisfaction inventory (1989) were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and interactive multiple regression.Results: findings of the present research showed that there are significant relationship between family correlation and marital satisfaction (p
Physiology & Pharmacology
Masoumeh habibian; Saied Amirnia Shobi; Emamali Zakeri Khatir
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 134-142
Abstract
Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, and is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to invistigate of the effect 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the Tumor necrosis ...
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Introduction: Childhood obesity is associated with an increased risk for several metabolic and cardiovascular complications, and is now considered as a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to invistigate of the effect 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise on the Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lipid profile in obese girls. Materials and Methods: This semi experimental research, 14 obese girls (mean age 9.9±1.18 year) whose body mass index was 95% or greater were selected and assigned randomly to two equal groups as follow: exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise was consisted of exercise movements at 50% to 70% maximal heart rate and 3 sessions/week for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hour after the last intervention. The serum levels of TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. Data were analyzed by paired and independent t tests. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Eight weeks of aerobic exercise caused a significant decrease in TNF-α, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL-C and an increase in HDL-C levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the percent changes of these variabls in exercise training group were significantly greater (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise as a non-medical therapeutic intervention for obese children can leads to reduced cardiovascular and metabolic diseases risk factors by improving lipid profiles and a reducse in systemic inflammation. Received
Psychology
Fariba Karimi; Kiomars Farahbakhsh; Hosain Salimi bajestani; Abdollah Moatamedi
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 257-265
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Aim Self-harm is defined as a deliberate act of self-harm without thinking of suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Mentalization Based Therapy on increasing the quality of family relationships and reducing their self-harm behavior in adolescent girls.Materials ...
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AbstractBackground and Aim Self-harm is defined as a deliberate act of self-harm without thinking of suicide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Mentalization Based Therapy on increasing the quality of family relationships and reducing their self-harm behavior in adolescent girls.Materials and Methods This research was a pretest-posttest-interventional pattern with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescent girls from Avan in 2017-18. Of these, 30 available samples were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The intervention included 8 training sessions on the Mentalization Based Therapy. Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test, Quality of relationship inventory and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory were used. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis and Chi square test.Results showed that there is a significant difference between the mean quality of family relationships and the mentality of the experimental and control group (P P).Conclusion A positive change in mentalization and improvement in family relationships can reduce self-harm. The results of the research are based on the Mentalization Based Therapy of the quality of family relationships and self-harm behavior in adolescent girls.
Health Education
majid yosefi afrashte; shamsi rezaei; taraneh sadeghi
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 287-293
Abstract
Introduction: Educational well-being and educational fascination are important variables in the field of education and learning that need to be recognized for their underlying factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between learning approaches and educational well-being ...
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Introduction: Educational well-being and educational fascination are important variables in the field of education and learning that need to be recognized for their underlying factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between learning approaches and educational well-being and educational fascination. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational cross-sectional study, a sample of 244 Zanjan medical sciences students was selected by convenience sampling and proportional sex sampling from five fields of study in 1397.Data were collected through the Learning approaches Questionnaire from the approaches and Study Skills Questionnaire for Tait and Partners, the Salmela-Aro & Upadya educational Well-being Questionnaire, and the Martin and Jackson educational fascination Questionnaire (2008). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The results showed that the correlation coefficient between academic well-being and deep approach was 0.56, with surface approach -0.31 and and with strategic approach was 0.16. Also the correlation coefficient of academic fascination with deep approach was 0.61, with surface approach -0.25 and with strategic approach 0.22. All these coefficients are significant at the error level of less than 0.05. Conclusion: It seems to increase educational well-being and Facilitate students' fascination experience Promoting their learning approach from surface to deep can be a useful and effective solution.so, it is necessary to promote studying and learning approaches through educational interventions.