Asghar Habibi; Mohammad Najafi Semnani; Ali Abdolazim Hossein Bahrololum
Volume 22, Issue 4 , September and October 2015, , Pages 622-629
Abstract
Background: The main problem in emergency departments is relief of pain in patients with renal colic. The effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain is unknown. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain. Materials and ...
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Background: The main problem in emergency departments is relief of pain in patients with renal colic. The effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain is unknown. The present study was performed to investigate the effect of fluid restriction diet in reducing the colic pain. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, among patients with renal colic who had referred to Valiasser hospital of Birjand city, 141 patients who had inclusion criteria were selected and randomely divided into two groups (71 and 70 patients in each group). In the first group, diclofenac 100 mg suppositories, and a liter of normal saline solution for one hour; and in the second group, 100 mg diclofenac suppository alone was administered. Patients pain intensity, before treatment, 30 and 60 minutes after treatment, was measured using a visual analog scale pain scores (VAS). Data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 15, and Chi-square, t-independent, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. Results: The mean pain score, 30 and 60 min after treatment, was significantly greater in diclofenac with fluids group than diclofenac-only group. diclofenac with no fluid group (P<0.001). Although the mean changes in pain intensity, was greater in diclofenac-only group than diclofenac with fluids group (P=0.005), but the mean changes in pain intensity, 30 and 60 min after treatment, in both groups was not statistically different (P=0.32). Conclusion: The results of this study show that fluids uptake restrictions, using a suppository painkillers such as diclofenac, can greatly reduce pain in these patients; and prevents the patients frequent refers to the emergency room to get a narcotic analgesic
Microbiology
Masoud keykhah; Morteza Karami; Hosseinali Rahdar; Elahe Taki
Volume 26, Issue 5 , November and December 2019, , Pages 627-640
Abstract
The genus Mycobacterium is a group of acid fast bacteria with DNA G+C content of 61-71% and the cell wall containing mycolic acid. According to growth physiology, mycobacteria grouped into two divisions: rapidly-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria. Three groups of mycobacteria exist based on pigment ...
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The genus Mycobacterium is a group of acid fast bacteria with DNA G+C content of 61-71% and the cell wall containing mycolic acid. According to growth physiology, mycobacteria grouped into two divisions: rapidly-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria. Three groups of mycobacteria exist based on pigment production: nonpigmented (nonphotochromogens), photo-chromogens and scotochromogen. Both human obligate pathogens (M. tuberculosis and M.leprae) and opportunistic species exist in mycobacteria genus. There is different kind of mycobacterial infections such asrespiratory infections, lymphatic node and skeletal involvement, dermal and disseminated infection. Spread of HIV virus and immunodeficiency in recent years makes the mycobacterial infections one of the most dangerous infections. Acid fast staining, biochemical tests and cell wall mycolic acid and fatty acid analysis are used for detection of mycobacteria. Different molecular tests including different PCR basedmethods; hybridization and sequencing tests are used for diagnosis and also verifying phenotypic and biochemical tests. Clarithromycin, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, rifampin and ethambutol currently were used for treatment of slow growing mycobacterial infections. Whereas macrolides, cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones are used for rapidly growing treatment. For rapidly growing mycobacteria, disk diffusion method, disk elution method and broth micro dilution method are more appropriate. Radiometric methods and broth micro dilution method are choice methods for slow growing mycobacteria drug susceptibility test. Moreover molecular methods like PCR single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP), Sequencing, PCR-RFLP and Multiplex-PCR are developed for drug susceptibility determination in mycobacteria. According to non-tuberculosis mycobacteria clinical significance, clinical laboratories and health care team most take attention to diagnosis of these bacterial infections.
Seyyd Mansour Kashfi; Maryam Yazdankhah; Al Khani Jeihooni; Mohammad Javad Motamedi; Akbar Babaei Heydarabadi; Marjan Vejdani
Volume 23, Issue 4 , September and October 2016, , Pages 634-643
Abstract
Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate ...
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Background Suicide is one of the important health problems. In Iran, like most countries in the world, suicide has considerably increased in recent decades and its reduction is one of the key goals of the health system. This study aimed to identify the risk factors for suicide to provide appropriate strategies and planning of practitioners for better prevention and treatment of people at risk.Methods & Materials This is a desriptive correlational study. The study population comprised all suicide attempts in 2011. To this end, 545 records were examined in proportional stratified manner. The device of collecting data was a checklist, including age, sex, history of suicide attempt,etc. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive tests using SPSS19.Results Based on the results, 36.7% of the subjects who attempted sucide were men and 63.3% were women. The majority of suicide attempters were single (53.9%), aged 14-24 years (54.9%) and were city residents (90.1%). Suicide rates were highest in winter (30.6%). Among suicide attempters, 74.3% had used drugs. The most common reasons of attempting for suicide among married persons were marital problems.Conclusion According to the findings, promotion of healthy marriage, premarital consultation, social and mental support with regard to social problems, promotion of correct urbanization culture, correct use of medication, expansion of hope and recreation among people, especially the young could be helpful and instrumental in prevention of Suicide.
Gyneocology
seyede Fatemeh Mirrafiei; Mehrnaz Geranmaye; Masoud Ghadipasha; mina ghalenoei
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 684-690
Abstract
Introduction: Midwifery knowledge of midwifery regulations is a major issue requiring a focused review through appropriate methods for educating midwives to improve their knowledge. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pocket e-book as a new teaching method with the traditional midwifery ...
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Introduction: Midwifery knowledge of midwifery regulations is a major issue requiring a focused review through appropriate methods for educating midwives to improve their knowledge. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pocket e-book as a new teaching method with the traditional midwifery knowledge brochure.
Materials and Methods: This is an experimental study in which 92 midwives were randomly selected from hospitals in Mashhad and randomly divided into three groups. Data were collected by researchermade questionnaire. Pretest was collected in groups. The first group did the exercises through the booklet; the second group received instruction through a pocket book. The third group was the control group and did not receive any training. After eight weeks, they were re-tested. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.
Results: Knowledge level in all three groups was average (score 12-18). There was no significant difference between the mean of knowledge in the three groups (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference between pre-test scores (pre-intervention) and post-test (two months after intervention) in two groups of book and e-mail (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the control group. The mean score of knowledge after intervention in all three groups showed a significant difference. Both educational groups included podcasts and e-books significantly more than the control group (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the mean score of knowledge in the e-book group and the booklet. (p> 0.05)
Conclusion: As these two methods of training are influential,training rules and regulations of midwifery profession can be performed using these methods. Received
Microbiology
Hamidreza Baghani Aval; Mehran Ekrami Toroghi; Faezeh Haghighi; Yaser Tabarraie
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 687-693
Abstract
Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases and increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world in treatment of urinary infections. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine ...
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Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious diseases and increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents in bacteria is a major problem around the world in treatment of urinary infections. This study was conducted to identify causative agents of urinary tract infection and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics in hospitalized and out patients referred to the Vase’ee Hospital in Sabzevar.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 256 individuals hospitalized and out patients older than eighteen age in the Sabzevar Vase’ee hospital. Identification of bacteria was performed using biochemical tests and their susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method. The data were analyzed using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test with percentage error 5%.Results: Of 256 patients, 59.7 % and 40.3% were female and male, respectively. The most frequently isolated pathogen were Escherichia coli (50.8%), Klebsiella (17.6%), Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (15/62%), Enterobacter (7.8%). E. coli as most common pathogen of urinary tract infections showed the most resistance to ampicillin and the least resistance to Imipenem indicated. In total, regardless of the type of bacteria, the highest resistance was against amoxicillin and the lowest resistance was against Imipenem.Conclusion: Considering the frequency of urinary tract infections and in order to prevent serious complication, a survey of regional resistance pattern and timely treatment can control development of resistant bacteria.
Nursing
Fateme Ghezeli; Mohsen koshan; Mohammad hassan Rakhshani; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Volume 26, Issue 6 , March and April 2020, , Pages 747-753
Abstract
Backgriund and Aim: Work alienation is related with negative consequences on the employees and the organization’s efficiency. Considering the role of nurses in the healthcare system main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between perceptions of job characteristics and organizational ...
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Backgriund and Aim: Work alienation is related with negative consequences on the employees and the organization’s efficiency. Considering the role of nurses in the healthcare system main purpose of this study was to study the relationship between perceptions of job characteristics and organizational support with job alienation among nurses Working in hospitals affiliated with the Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences.Material and Methods: this study was Analytical descriptive (Cross – sectional) in 2018. The population were 181 Nurses in hospitals in Sabzevar who were selected by cluster sampling. We used three instruments in this study, Job Characteristics (Hackman & Oldham),Organizational support (Eisenberger et al) and Jab Alienation (Boeree). Information analyzed by Descriptive and inferential statistics includes linear regression and variance analysis by SPSS 21.Results: mean and standard deviations scores Job Characteristics were 60/73 ± 1/61, Motivational Potential Score 9/2 ± 4/25,Organizational support 61 ± 8/52, Job alienation 96/88 ± 1/73. Also based on the results of regression analysis, there is a relationship between perception of Job characteristics and organizational support with Job alienation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that there is a meaningful and reverse relationship between Job Characteristics and Organizational support with Jab Alienation, The variables of job characteristics show a greater variation of the job alienation. Therefore, it is suggested a qualitative study to explain the various characteristics of the nursing profession in order to provide ways to enrich the components of the job characteristics.
Amin Hosseini; Kianoosh Zahrakar; Reza Davarnia; Mohaamad Shakarami; Behnaz Mohammadi
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 788-796
Abstract
Background:Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, ...
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Background:Commitment is one of the most important components of a successful marriage that without it, the marital commitment will be superficial, apparent and without direction. In this case, the couples are not able to experience the depth of love and intimacy which create because of loyalty, commitment, and marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between marital commitments and personality traits. Materials & Methods: This study is a descriptive study of correlation. The study population consisted of all the married staff of welfare agencies in North Khorasan Province in 2013. The sample consisted 155 (67 males and 88 females) persons who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data gathering was conducted by using standard questionnaires of Adams and Jonas Marital Commitment inventory (DCI) (1997) and McCrae & Costa personality Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) (1991). Data analysis was performed by SPSS v.18 software and using Pearson Correlation and linear regression methods. Results: Results showed that personality traits of extroversion, adaptability and responsibility have positive and significant relationship (0.217, 0.534 and 0.529 respectively), and personality trait of neuroticism and openness to experience have negative and significant relationship (-0.49 and -0.59 respectively) with marital commitment. Findings also showed that neuroticism, adaptability, openness to experience, responsibility and extroversion which explained changes of marital commitment by 0.24, 0.28, 0.34, 0.28 and 0.04, respectively, are significant at 0.99 confidences. Conclusions: The findings showed that personality traits of persons are important factors in predicting their marital commitment. According to the findings, it is recommended that the role of personality factors as an affecting factor on the marital relationship can be investigated much more.
Nursing
elahe lal kheirkhah; mohammad haddadi; mitra ardakani; alireza adel barkhordar; zeynab taraz; saeed yazdi
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 796-800
Abstract
Introduction: Following the discovery and rapid spread of the COVID19and it’s epidemic, numerous studies have been published to identify, prevent and treatment focusing on the adult population. Limited information is available on children with COVID-19. According to studies, children at all ages ...
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Introduction: Following the discovery and rapid spread of the COVID19and it’s epidemic, numerous studies have been published to identify, prevent and treatment focusing on the adult population. Limited information is available on children with COVID-19. According to studies, children at all ages are susceptible to infection and show different clinical manifestations in compare with adults. This study examined clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings in children with COVID-19.
Materials and Methods: From March 20 until June 20, 2020, 6 children with COVID-19(based on RT-PCR), with average age of 13 years and 1 month and standard deviation of 1.81 were reported in Imam Khomeini Hospital in Esfarayen. Laboratory, clinical and radiological findings were extracted from their hospital records and reviewed by 2pediatricians and after adapting to clinical manifestations were presented in a descriptive case study.
Results: None of the children had a history of background disease or taking medications. The severity of the disease was mild in all children. None of the patients required mechanical ventilation and hospitalization in the ICU. No deaths were reported.
Conclusion: In the context of the emergence of viral infectious diseases and the uncertainty of the role of children in the transmission cycle; To better understanding the disease, the patient's clinical manifestations should be considered and clinical manifestations are defined after gathering more information about cases of children. Therefore, broader studies in the field of clinical and laboratory findings of children in recognizing the disease and its impact on children and society seems necessary.
Khadijeh Yazdi; Fariba Baghani; Shakiba Mozari
Abstract
Objectives Brain processing parameters during anesthesia result in induction of anesthesia with a low-dose of hypnotic drugs and reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. The current study aimed at determining the relationship between the depth of anesthesia, and nausea and vomiting after the general ...
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Objectives Brain processing parameters during anesthesia result in induction of anesthesia with a low-dose of hypnotic drugs and reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting. The current study aimed at determining the relationship between the depth of anesthesia, and nausea and vomiting after the general anesthesia in patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery.Methods In the current descriptive, analytical study, 57 patients candidate for elective herniorrhaphy were selected by the convenient sampling method in Beheshti Hospital, Sabzevar, Iran, in summer 2014. Depth of anesthesia was monitored by bispectral index (BIS) and recorded at 5-minute intervals during the maintenance period. The postoperative nausea and vomiting scores were recorded in the recovery and 6 hours after operation. Data were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests by SPSS software version 18; P>0.05 was considered significant.Results A total of 57 patients with the mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 45.54±13.46 years were studied, out of which 36 were male and 21 female. There was no significant difference between the amounts of anesthetic depth and severity of nausea and vomiting in patients during recovery (P=0.179).In the first 6 hours after surgery, there were significant differences between the values of depth of anesthesia and postoperative nausea and vomiting (P=0.003).Conclusion Monitoring and maintaining the depth of anesthesia reduced side effects such as nausea and vomiting after surgery.
Pediatric
Ashraf Saber; Najmeh Tehranain; Shiva Pourali Roudbaneh; Matin Sadat Esmailzade
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 829-844
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue communicates with other central organs and the environment through the synthesis and release of substances called adipokines. Visfatin is an adipocytokine and a polyotropic protein whose function acts not only as an enzyme, but as an adipocytokine, a growth factor, and cytokine ...
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Background: Adipose tissue communicates with other central organs and the environment through the synthesis and release of substances called adipokines. Visfatin is an adipocytokine and a polyotropic protein whose function acts not only as an enzyme, but as an adipocytokine, a growth factor, and cytokine as well. Over the past few years, new roles have emerged for visfatin in terms of fertility and reproduction. The purpose of the present study is to summarize the current knowledge on this subject.Methods: In the present study, 137 full-text and short articles were obtained and reviewed through the electronic search by entering the relevant key words in Sciencedirect, Pubmed, Google scholar, Google published from 1993 to 2016.Results: The results of several studies support the strong association of visfatin with insulin resistance-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and PCOD. In addition, with the deviation of embryo development from its natural course (embryo growth limitation and macrosomia), the initiation of labor is associated with sexual maturation (spermatogenesis) in males and the increase in the number and quality of oocytes in people with PCOD undergoing Infertility treatment through stimulating inflammatory responses.Conclusion: The results of this review report confirm the role of visfatin in fertility and reproduction. Further research to understand the relationship between visfatin and fertility disorders and pregnancy complications is needed in order to find possible medical treatments.
Moslem Mohammadi; Masoud Bahreini; Sina Dobaradaran; Kamran Mirzaei; Shohreh Shahamat
Abstract
Backgrounds Excessive noises are generally known as one of the most important causes of environmental pollution. Destructive effects of noise pollution on staff and patients of hospitals were confirmed. The current study aimed at measuring the intensity of noises and annoying sounds in different wards ...
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Backgrounds Excessive noises are generally known as one of the most important causes of environmental pollution. Destructive effects of noise pollution on staff and patients of hospitals were confirmed. The current study aimed at measuring the intensity of noises and annoying sounds in different wards of a hospital affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran, in 2015. Methods & Materials The current cross sectional study was conducted in a hospital affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences. The minimum and maximum levels of annoying sounds and noises were measured in 10 wards and the area around the hospital in the morning, evening, and night hours on weekdays and holidays. Data were collected using the 805 ST sound level meter. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. P was ≤0.05. Results The most intensive noise was measured in the emergency ward, 67.16±7.7 dB, among the 11 wards of the hospital. The maximum and minimum intensive noises were the general pediatric ward (64.11 ± 4.8 dB) vs. males general ward (54.46±3.6 dB); nursing station of the emergency ward (67.15±7.7 dB) vs. nursing station of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (44.78±5.1 dB), and the corridors of females general ward (66.18±9.1 dB) vs. the corridors of operating room (55.7±6.4 dB).Conclusion The level of noise was higher than that of normal sounds in all hospital wards. Noise in the evening shift was more than those of the morning and night shifts. These findings stressed on the necessity of considering the issue of sound pollution in the studied hospital. Based on these findings, the hospital managers should attempt to eliminate or decrease such pollutants.
Psychology
Toktam Dehghani Bidgoli; Hossein Mahdian; Mehdi Ghasemi Motlagh
Volume 28, Issue 6 , January and February 2022, , Pages 936-949
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system and is characterized by symptoms of pain and decreased functional capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation skill training and acceptance and commitment ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic progressive disease of the central nervous system and is characterized by symptoms of pain and decreased functional capacity. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation skill training and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive failures and emotional avoidance in patients with MS.Materials and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest and follow-up design. Subjects with a age range of 20-20 years and expanded disability status scale (EDSS) of one to 5.5 were selected purposefully and voluntarily and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the pre-test-post-test phase and the 2-month follow-up, both groups answered Broadbent and et al. cognitive failure questionnaires and Kennedy et al. emotional avoidance. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23 and covariance analysis method with repeated measurements.Results: The results of multivariate analysis of covariance with repeated measurements showed that emotion regulation skill training and acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing cognitive Failures and emotional avoidance of multiple sclerosis patients (p
Mahbobeh Firooz; Seyed Javad Hosseini; Seyyed Reza Mazlom; Farzaneh Hasan zadeh; Seyyed Ali Kimiyaee
Volume 22, Issue 6 , January and February 2016, , Pages 1018-1025
Abstract
Background: Diabetes as one of the most common diseases, metabolic disorders, is a public health problem in the world. The most important underlying cause of death in diabetic patients is the lack of care.
Aim: Survey self care on patients with diabetes type II
Methods: In this cross - sectional ...
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Background: Diabetes as one of the most common diseases, metabolic disorders, is a public health problem in the world. The most important underlying cause of death in diabetic patients is the lack of care.
Aim: Survey self care on patients with diabetes type II
Methods: In this cross - sectional study of 108 patients with type II diabetes referred to the Parsian clinic in Mashhad in 1393 years met the inclusion criteria were selected. Diabetes Care questionnaire and description questionnaire by patient was completed. . The main Data were analyzed by SPSS version 11.5.
Results: The findings showed that 47/2% of people had a poor self-care and self-care among the sexes (p=0/018) and physical activity (p=0/019) there is a significant relationship.
Conclusion: From the results of this study, patients with diabetes self-care was poor and the weak annual imposes high costs on patients. To find ways to improve the care of these patients is necessary.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Ensieh Namgou; Roya Lari; Naser Mahdavi Shahri; Ali Moghimi; Mehrnegar Rojhan Nezhad; Leila Izi
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 93-100
Abstract
Background and purpose: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a major role in blood cells differentiation especially in neutrophils, therefore G-CSF widely has been used in treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Different lines of evidence indicated that G-CSF is increased in inflammatory ...
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Background and purpose: granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has a major role in blood cells differentiation especially in neutrophils, therefore G-CSF widely has been used in treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia. Different lines of evidence indicated that G-CSF is increased in inflammatory situation and has inflammatory characteristics. Unlike G-CSF, type I interferones (IFNs) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate whether type I IFNs can normalize the effects of G-CSF on blood factors. Materials and methods: forty-two mice (male, eight weeks) were divided into six groups of seven, which includes Group 1 (control) injection of distilled water, Group 2 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF, Group 3 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. Alfa interferon (IFN-α), Group 4 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. interferon beta (IFN-β), Group 5 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF+200 µg/kg b.w. IFN-α, Group 6 injection 200 µg/kg b.w. G-CSF+200 µg/kg b.w. IFN-β. After 28 days, blood was taken from each mouse heart and blood biochemical parameters (Glucose, Triglyceride, Cholestrol) was investigated. Results: surprisingly, in most cases, the G-CSF and type one IFNs alone or simultaneously reduced the levels of Glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Also the reduction of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were higher in G-CSF and INFs in compare with G-CSF alone. Our data raise the possibility that, G-CSF and INF-α/β have some similarity in signaling pathway which has to be investigated.
Health and environment
Khadijeh Yari; Mostafa Leili; Hassan Zolghadrnasab; Shima Mohammadi bolban; Shahla Rahmani
Volume 27, Issue 1 , May and June 2020, , Pages 93-100
Abstract
Background: The consumption of bottled water in various parts of the world have significantly increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbial quality of bottled waters in Hamadan in 2016.Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study, ...
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Background: The consumption of bottled water in various parts of the world have significantly increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbial quality of bottled waters in Hamadan in 2016.Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study, that was carried out on 5 popular brands and 40 randomly selected samples, in which 20 types of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics were investigated. All data were analysed using the statistical software package, SPSS 20.0 and descriptive statistics.Results: The results showed that none of the samples had microbial contamination and passed the required standards. Total dissolved solids (TDS) content are lower than the minimum values required by the Food and Drug Administration (500 mg/L). The differences between the measured and labeled values was investigated using paired t-test. Based on the results, there were differences between the measured and labeled values for all parameters, where for the parameters of nitrite, TDS and chloride it was significant, while for the rest of the parameters it was not significant. The mean values of the parameters were also compared with the standard values using one sample t-test. Conclusion: For the most samples, the assessed parameters were consistent with the standards, however, for the few number of samples which violates from the standard values it was also important in terms of the possible health impacts, thus should be taken into consideration.
Seyed Masih E'temad Aubi; Hossein Honari
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 95-102
Abstract
Background: Anthrax is a common illness between human and animal which the agent of that is Bacillus anthracis. The modified protective antigen cab be used in treatment and vaccination. The aim of this study is the recombinant expression of modified protective antigen in E. coli. Material and Methods: ...
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Background: Anthrax is a common illness between human and animal which the agent of that is Bacillus anthracis. The modified protective antigen cab be used in treatment and vaccination. The aim of this study is the recombinant expression of modified protective antigen in E. coli. Material and Methods: Gene fragments were amplified with PCR from pXOI and fusion gene from SOEing PCR was cloned in a cloning vector and finally sub cloned in pET28a(+) vector and transferred to E. coli BL21(DE3) competent cells. Recombinant expression of modified PA was induced by IPTG and after protein purification with affinity chromatography, resulted antigen was injected to mice in 4 repeats. Polyclonal antibodies produced in mice serum was accessed. Results: The modified protective antigen cloned in expression vector pET28a(+) was confirmed by PCR, enzymatic digestion and sequencing. Recombinant protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot. Serum was separated from mice blood and titre of antibody against modified PA was assessed by indirect ELYSA. Conclusion: resulted protein has high inhibitory property for LF and EF virulence factors. By consideration in PA detection by polyclonal antibody against modified PA from Bacillus anthracis, it can be used in for treatment and prophylaxis against anthrax in individual or combination forms with other PA domains.
Physical Education
Hossein TaheriChadorneshin; Mohammad Esmaiel Afzalpour; Ehsan Afroozi-Gerow; Seyed Hosein Abtahi-Eivary; Meysam Alipour-Raz
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 99-107
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in serious damage oxidation of proteins, lipids and genomic structures. Studies have shown that production of ROS increases during intensive exercise training. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of two type sprint and endurance exercise trainings ...
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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) result in serious damage oxidation of proteins, lipids and genomic structures. Studies have shown that production of ROS increases during intensive exercise training. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of two type sprint and endurance exercise trainings on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) and hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the brain and liver of Wistar rats. 24 adult Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into sedentary control, sprint exercise training, and endurance exercise training groups. Rats in sprint and endurance exercise training groups ran on treadmill for 6 weeks, 6 days per week, at 80 to 100 percent of maximal oxygen consumption. OGG1 and 8-OHdG levels were measured using sandwich ELISA assay. Data analyzed using one way ANOVA at P≤0.05 level. Results showed that both of sprint and endurance exercise trainings result in significant increase in OGG1 levels in brain and liver. Sprint exercise training resulted in greater increase in brain OGG1 than endurance exercise training. However, sprint and endurance exercise training had no significant effect on 8-OHdG levels in brain and liver tissues. OGG1 content correlated negatively with 8-OHdG levels. Collectively, sprint and endurance exercise trainings prevents from genomic structure through an increase in OGG1 contents.
Microbiology
Mojtaba Fattahi Abdizadeh; Zahra Pakize Moghaddam; Alireza Ghorbani; Mohammad Hasan Rabiee; Hamed Goklani; Ramin Shahraini
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 100-104
genetics
sara rafiee; dor mohammad kordi tamandani
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 103-109
Abstract
IUGR is a major causes and silent illness and death in the embryonic and infants population, which in it infants growth potential is less than natural state. IUGR phrase and small for gestation age often used interchangeably; Although there is small difference between these two. IUGR/SGA as a result ...
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IUGR is a major causes and silent illness and death in the embryonic and infants population, which in it infants growth potential is less than natural state. IUGR phrase and small for gestation age often used interchangeably; Although there is small difference between these two. IUGR/SGA as a result different etiology including maternal factors, placenta and fetus arise. That recently genetic factors added to it. IUGR may be caused by maternal smoking, infections agents and chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, maternal abnormalities, but in most cases secondary cause is placenta insufficiency. IUGR often causes complications in the third trimester of pregnancy which is associated with symptoms of preeclampsia. the Pathophysiology of IUGR is associated with placenta insufficiency it remains unclear, but the damage is usually caused due to failure of trophoblast invasion which causes intermittent blood flow the space between the intervillous that this also in turn causes local oxidative stress.
Psychology
mahdi motakeffar; Abolfazl Bakhshi Pour; Mehdi Ghasemi Motlagh
Volume 29, Issue 1 , May and June 2022, , Pages 131-141
Abstract
Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on self-care, sexual function in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, with pre-test-post-test design, ...
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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy on self-care, sexual function in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose, with pre-test-post-test design, which used a quasi-experimental research design. The statistical population of the study included all people with type 2 diabetes who referred to Sabzevar Diabetes Clinic in 1398. From the mentioned statistical population, 45 people were selected by convenience and randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 people (2 experimental groups and one control group). The experiments of both groups in three stages of pre-test and post-test and follow-up to The self-care questionnaires of Tobert Hampson and Glasgow (2000), the Female Sexual Function Questionnaire (FSFI) and the Male Sexual Function Questionnaire (MSHQ) were answered. In this study, descriptive data analysis was used to describe the collected data and the data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software.Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion-oriented therapy are effective on self-care, sexual function in type 2 diabetic patients and there was no significant difference in their effectiveness.Conclusion: Cognitive therapies based on mindfulness and emotion-oriented therapy can be used to alleviate the psychological problems of diabetic patients.Keywords: Cognitive
Physical Education
fatemeh abbaspour; Seyed kazem Mousavi sadati; Reza Behdari
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 219-226
Abstract
AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of endurance training with ginger supplementation on CRP and TNF-α in young girls aged 20 to 30.Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study,32 young girls 20-30 years old were randomly ...
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AbstractBackground and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of eight weeks of endurance training with ginger supplementation on CRP and TNF-α in young girls aged 20 to 30.Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study,32 young girls 20-30 years old were randomly assigned in four groups (control, supplement, practice and practice + supplement). The weight mean and standard deviation of participants were (61.17 ± 11.1) kilograms, and their body mass index were (23.45 ± 2.7). Training program was planned for eight weeks and three sessions per week. Each session consisted of 45 – 60 minutes with an intensity of 65-75 Vo2 max. The supplement and practice + supplement groups received daily one gram of ginger (Four 250 mg capsules) for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken 48 hours after the last training session. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Levene's Test, Covariance (ANCOVA) And Bonferroni and by SPSS 20.Findings: The findings showed that endurance training decreases significantly TNF-α in Young girls 20-30 years old (P
Physical Education
Hamid Arvin; Saeed Arsham; Hassan Rohbanfard; Mehrzad Moghadasi
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 243-249
Abstract
Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the factors affecting nervous system efficiency and enhancing mental processes, which is significantly increased by environmental enrichment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a SPARK program on BDNF ...
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Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the factors affecting nervous system efficiency and enhancing mental processes, which is significantly increased by environmental enrichment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a SPARK program on BDNF in children with Down’s Syndrome (DS) and those with intellectual disability (ID). Materials and Methods: Twenty male students with DS and twenty male students with ID, aged 7 to 9 years, in Shiraz voluntarily participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants in each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control subgroups. Experimental subgroups performed a selected SPARK program 3 sessions of 45 minutes per week for 12 weeks. Control subgroups did not participate in this intervention program. Blood sample were taken from all groups before and after SPARK program. After separation of serum from plasma by ELISA, BDNF levels were measured with a precision of 0.01 ng / ml using a Chinese Eastbiopharm Kit for human samples . Results: Analysis of variance (NOVA) with repeated measures showed a significant phase * group interaction. Further analysis showed no significant differences in BDNF level between the four groups in pretest. However, in post-test, both experimental subgroups (DS & ID) had significantly higher BDNF than control subgroups. Conclusion: According to the results, it can be argued that the selected SPARK program increases the level of BDNF in children with developmental disorders. However, the program has equally affected children with Down’s Syndrome and those with intellectual disabilities.
Psychology
Masoumeh Heidarian; Hasan Ahadi; Jalal Shakeri; Amir Hossein Hashemian
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 247-253
Abstract
Aim and background: Delay in treatment of psychotic symptoms is associated with increase in time to recovery, response to treatment, and more relapse rate of psychosis. The purpose of this study is to determine clinical factors associated with delay in treatment of the first symptoms of psychosis in ...
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Aim and background: Delay in treatment of psychotic symptoms is associated with increase in time to recovery, response to treatment, and more relapse rate of psychosis. The purpose of this study is to determine clinical factors associated with delay in treatment of the first symptoms of psychosis in patients referred to Farabi Hospital of Kermanshah.Materials and methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 94 patients, 51 male and 43 female, who experienced the first psychotic attack, using available sampling method. Required data are extracted from a clinical interview based on an approved clinical checklist completed by specialists and experts in psychiatry and psychology. Then, descriptive statistics indices including frequency, mean, standard deviation, median, and t-test are summarized and analyzed using SPSS software (version 24).Findings: mean delay in treatment of the first psychotic symptoms was 48.5±65.6 weeks. There was a significant difference between the patients’ history of drug abuse (P-value=0.001), history of anxiety disorder (P-value=0.003), existence of negative symptoms (P-value=0.001), disorganized speech (P-value=0.001), disorganized behavior (P-value= 0.001), on one hand, and delay in treatment of the first psychotic symptoms, on the other hand.Conclusion: Clinical factors associated with delay in treatment of the first symptoms of psychosis are introduced as important factors affecting the level of mental health and full recovery of the affected patients; thus, identifying these factors along with proper planning and interventions based on providing health care services can promote the quality of the patients’ psychological well-being.
shirin hasani; Ali Mashhadi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 259-266
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Recently, emotions and their psychological impact on different variables have attracted a special attention. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the role of emotions (positive and negative) in Students’ goals. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-correlation ...
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Background and Objectives: Recently, emotions and their psychological impact on different variables have attracted a special attention. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate the role of emotions (positive and negative) in Students’ goals. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, based on random cluster sampling, a total of 201 subjects of all 420 students of physical education in 2010-2011 (in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) were recruited, using Morgan Table. To achieve the objectives of the questionnaires, goal orientation scales and positive and negative affectivity were used. Data were interpreted using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and regression analysis. Results: A positive and significant relationship exists between mastery-approach (r=0.19, p<0.01) and mastery-avoidance goals with positive affect (r=0.23, p<0.01). There is a significant relationship between the negative emotions with the goal of functional-avoidance (r=0.15, p<0.05) and those with the goal of mastery-avoidance (r=-0.16, p<0.05). Positive affect was able to predicts the goals of progress in mastery-approach and functional-approach (p=0.05), while functional-avoidance and mastery-avoidance goals were predictable by negative affect (p=0.049). Conclusion: The results showed that the choice of objectives by students can be involved in their emotional aspects.
Health and environment
Mohammad Nourmohammadi; Mohammad Reza Rezaee; Mohammad Hossein Sayyadi Anari
Volume 24, Issue 4 , July and August 2017, , Pages 293-298
Abstract
Background and purpose: Hospital waste contains microbial agents and chemical and toxic compounds that are hazardous to the health of patients, hospital personnel, and people visiting hospitals. Considering the presence of hazardous and infectious materials in hospital waste, it is essential that it ...
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Background and purpose: Hospital waste contains microbial agents and chemical and toxic compounds that are hazardous to the health of patients, hospital personnel, and people visiting hospitals. Considering the presence of hazardous and infectious materials in hospital waste, it is essential that it be managed suitably. This research intended to study hospital waste collection and disposal at teaching treatment centers of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2016.
Materials and methods: The present literature review on medical waste at Treatment-Teaching Centers of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences was conducted in 2016. The initial raw quantitative data was received from the Waste Management Organization of Sabzevar Municipality. The guide issued by the World Health Organization was used to study the produced waste. Based on daily visits and completed questionnaires, the situation regarding disposed material with respect to type, collection method, storage, disposal and the degree of waste segregation at the three treatment-teaching centers were investigated. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by University Professors and its reliability by Cronbach’s alpha (that was 80%). Results were analyzed by using software (SPSS and Excel).
Results: The studied centers produced 869.5 kg of waste per day or 2.20 kg per occupied bed on average. Ordinary, infectious, chemical, pathological, sharp or pointed, pharmaceutical, and pressurized waste constituted 22%, 47.5%, 0.6%, 24.5%, 5%, 0.2%, and 0.2% of the total.
Conclusions: Results showed that hospital waste in Sabzevar was collected and disposed according to the circular of the Ministry of Health regarding hospital waste, waste management was supervised, and hospital waste collection and disposal was of desirable quality.