Reza Pirmand; Ashraf Heidari; Mohsen Hashemipoor; Morteza Talebi; Mehrdad Saneikhah; Seyyed Amir Shahirani Mousavi; Amirhossein Porrahmatian; Mohammad Moqiseh; Akbar Hasanzadeh
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 324-333
Abstract
Background and purpose: musculoskeletal discomfort Much of the illness and disability employment constitute in the workplace. In order to prevent disorders Need to evaluate ergonomic in the Workplace. This study aimed to the relationship musculoskeletal discomfort with Ergonomic risk factors in jobs ...
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Background and purpose: musculoskeletal discomfort Much of the illness and disability employment constitute in the workplace. In order to prevent disorders Need to evaluate ergonomic in the Workplace. This study aimed to the relationship musculoskeletal discomfort with Ergonomic risk factors in jobs Based on the method WERA on the construction project is.
Material and methods: On the this cross - sectional study, Jobs 42 workers (all workers) In the summer of 2014 in a project to build a mosque Tehran refinery martyr Tondgooyan with WERA method is evaluate. On the other hand, of Cornell questionnaires for the Assessment of musculoskeletal discomfort was used. Statistical analysis of the data collected with SPSS 16 software were performed.
Results: The average age of workers 24/7 ± 12/29, Most discomfort in the back and wrist and lowest for the lower leg and buttock. WERA Average final score equals 41/8 ± 78/38 was Which reflects the high-risk tasks For prevalence skeletal disorders is. Back trouble and wrist posture with the job Milling, drilling and other jobs is significant.
Conclusion: ergonomic desk design for milling and inactivity in sitting position, the use of damping and anti-vibration gloves along with Training the importance of the natural posture the drilling and similar tasks, Training of cargo correctly, especially with the method of Scott and Free and avoiding of abnormal posture in construction jobs can be to reduce ergonomic risk factors in the workplace Reduce musculoskeletal disorders.
Mohammad Seyyedahmadi; Akbar Pejhan; Fattah Moradi; Soran Aminiaghaddam
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 325-335
Abstract
Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, ...
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Background: Adiponectin is the one of adipocytokines, which may be a marker for coronary artery disease and appears to have protective metabolic and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study was to survey relationships between serum adiponectin levels with insulin resistance, blood pressure, and cardio-respiratory function in sedentary men. Methods and Materials: In semi-experimental study, forty five young men, without experience of regular physical activity during six months ago, were selected. After 12 h fasting (at 8 A.M.), blood samples were collected to determine serum levels of adiponectin, insulin, and glucose. Cardio-respiratory function of subjects was estimated using Balke's treadmill protocol and their blood pressures were measured by sphygmomanometer. Data was analyzed by SPSS 16.0 software and the relationships were calculated by Pearson’s correlation analysis. P value of less than 0.01 was considered statistically significant. Results: Adiponectin levels were negatively correlated to body mass index (r = –0.41, p < 0.002), insulin (r = –0.45, p < 0.009), glucose (r = –0.27, p < 0.007), and HOMA index (r = –0.40, p < 0.002), while positively correlated to maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.31, p < 0.006). No significant correlations were observed between adiponectin levels and systolic (r = –0.13, p < 0.097) and diastolic blood pressure (r = –0.09, p < 0.117). Conclusions: It appears that in sedentary men, who have lower cardio-respiratory fitness, lower adiponectin levels may be associated with disorder in glycemic, and this promotes probability of diabetes type II and cardiovascular diseases in these subjects. Also, serum concentrations of adiponectin are directly correlated with cardio-respiratory function, but it appears that there is no correlation between adiponectin levels and blood pressure.
Reyhaneh Sabbaghzadeh
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 331-337
Abstract
Introduction: The insulin-like growth factor naturally exists in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and plays a significant role in cellular multiplication and differentiation during growth and maturation of the brain. These factors are expressed with their bond proteins and their receptors in the damaged ...
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Introduction: The insulin-like growth factor naturally exists in the Central Nervous System (CNS) and plays a significant role in cellular multiplication and differentiation during growth and maturation of the brain. These factors are expressed with their bond proteins and their receptors in the damaged areas of the brain. This indicates the role of IGFs systems in the brain damage.
Objective: Molecular simulation is a direct computational method for studying the structural changes of a wide spectrum of physical and biological issues. Computationally, experimental force fields have various forms in simulation of folding insulin-like growth factor.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the transfer temperature for IGF1 was modulated. The system was balanced and was studied and analyzed through dynamic molecular method within 500 Pico seconds.
Results: Studying the changes occurred in the potential energy of the three force fields showed that Amber force field is better than MM+ and OPLS force field and also MD simulation, at least in this model, is more effective than MC and LD methods.
Conclusion: Low temperatures make the structure more stable while high temperatures are on the contrary.
Seyyedeh Mahsa Rastegar Moghaddam mansouri; Kazem Khodaee; Neda Badri
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 332-342
Abstract
Background: In recent years, although the use of high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been replaced continuous and long term training in patients and athletes, but the practical and field exercise is less used. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term HIIT with RAST, and plyometric ...
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Background: In recent years, although the use of high intensity interval training (HIIT) has been replaced continuous and long term training in patients and athletes, but the practical and field exercise is less used. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term HIIT with RAST, and plyometric exercises on some indices of cardiovascular, anaerobic capacity, and sprint and jumping performance in active female students.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, 30 female students of physical education voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups: HIIT with RAST, HIIT with plyometric, and control groups. Practicing groups, in addition to their routine physical activity, participated in a training program for 2 weeks, 5 days per week. After 48 hours of last training session, post tests were executed in all 3 groups. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and LSD test.
Results: Our findings showed a significant increase in VO2max, and a significant decrease in sprinting time in HIIT with RAST group compared with HIIT with plyometric group (p˂0.05). In addition, a significant increase in VO2max, peak, average and minimum power on RAST test, as well as a significant decrease in sprinting time was seen in HIIT with RAST group compared with control group. Also, a significant increase in VO2max, height of squat jump and countermovement jump was observed in HIIT with plyometric group compared with control group (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, it seems that HIIT with RAST is more efficient than HIIT with plyometric exercises, but both types of training improve VO2max and sprint performance. So, the combination of these two training program may led to a better results.
Zahra Dashti; Tahereh Ramezani; Shahram Arsang; Siamak Mohebi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 334-341
Abstract
Objective and background: Puberty problems and the ways dealing with them are very important and girls’ health status in puberty is even more vital. Therefore, besides passing this sensitive puberty period, they have a special condition in terms of their expected role related to their gender in society. ...
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Objective and background: Puberty problems and the ways dealing with them are very important and girls’ health status in puberty is even more vital. Therefore, besides passing this sensitive puberty period, they have a special condition in terms of their expected role related to their gender in society. So the role of this group has always been considered by researchers. This study aimed to determine general health status of female students during their puberty period and its relevant factors in Qom in 2012.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study was conducted among female guidance school students in Qom in 2012. Study sample consisted of 191 girls who were chosen according to multistage cluster sampling methods from Qom girls’ schools. The study data was collected by means of Demographic questionnaire and GHQ-28 standard questionnaire. Eventually the data was analyzed by SPSS software in lower than 0.05 significance according to descriptive and analytic tests including Chi-2 and Fisher's exact test.
Results: In this study 69.9% of the students were junior students and 30.4%were in the second year (middle year) of guidance school. 31.4% of these students’ mothers had high school degrees and 8.9% of them were illiterate. 41.6% of the fathers had university degrees and 2.1% were illiterate. 85.9% of the mothers were housewives and 13.1% were employed. Students’ General Health Status mean and standard deviation were 26.87±14.72 respectively. The results demonstrated that 48.2% of students had a normal health status, 31.4% had a minor inconvenience, 18.3% had an average inconvenience, and 2.1% had a serious inconvenience.
Conclusion: Eventually the current study demonstrated that according to General Health ranking, the health grades of studied students were in minor inconvenience range and unfortunately the studied students were not in normal general health status.
Ali Kheradmand; Akbar Ranjbarzade; Kazem hassanpour; Fatemeh Bidi
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 336-344
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is the most widely and important patient that derived from body metabolism disorders. Health education and modification and behavioral methods are more effective and economic way to prevent and control the diabetes. So, the aim of present research is study of the effect of changing ...
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Background: Diabetes is the most widely and important patient that derived from body metabolism disorders. Health education and modification and behavioral methods are more effective and economic way to prevent and control the diabetes. So, the aim of present research is study of the effect of changing behavior on knowledge, attitudes, self-care, quality of life, and lifestyle of type II diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: Research method was experimental that carried out using the pretest–posttest plan and a control group. From patients with type II diabetes who referenced to Bojnord health center selected forty patients that fitted to identified criteria and assigned to 2 group of experiment (20 patients) and control (20 patients). Five-section questionnaire was implemented to determine the demographic information and to measure knowledge (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.84), attitude (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.81), self-care (from Ghanzanfari and reliability 0.91) and quality of life (SF-20 and reliability 0.79). These tools conducted in 2 stages. Validity of questionnaires has approved through experts. Educational program based on modification of habits and nutrition method conducted in 5 session 30 minutes. Data analyzed through SPSS 18. Results: The mean age of people was 52.17±7.58. The results showed that intervention of education had no significant effect on the knowledge of the people under study (p=0.083). However, on the variables of attitudes toward the illness (p=0.001), self-care (p=0.001) and quality of life (p=0.001), intervention of changing behavior had a significant effect. Conclusion: Implementing health care and changing inappropriate behaviors, type II diabetic patients would be able to change their attitude toward life and lifestyle. Such cares would be better to be continuous and the clinical and psychological methods to be applied in addition to the pharmaceutical ones.
Baghatollah Salehi; Hasan Ajdari ZarMehri; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Elahe Erami; Nematollah Gheybi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 338-346
Abstract
Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin ...
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Introduction: It is well recognized that gender and race differences play a role in pain sensitivity, pain perception, response to analgesic drug and prevalence of certain chronic pain disorders. In this study investigated gender and strain-related differences in the effect of food deprivation on formalin induced nociceptive behaviors in rats.
Methods: This study was done in Qazvin University of Medical Sciences 8 groups of rats (220-300gr). Groups 1 and 2: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 3 and 4: Effect formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Groups 5 and 6: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Groups 7 and 8: Effect of food deprivation on formalin-induced nociceptive behaviours in male and female Wistar rats. Food was withdrawn 48 h (short-term food deprivation) prior to performing the formalin test, but water continued to be available ad libitum. The formalin (50 μL, 2%) was injected into hind plantar paw. Immediately after the formalin injection, pain behaviors recorded for 90 minutes.
Results: There is significant difference between male and female control Sprague-Dawley rats during phase 2B. Although interphase in male rats is more than female ones, but the phase 2B in female rats is more than male ones and phase 2 finished with delay in Sprague-Dawley race. There are no significant differences between male and female control Wistar rats during formalin test. Following 48-h food deprivation, male and female rats exhibited enhanced nociceptive behaviors in response to formalin injection during phase 1, the interphase, phase 2. In contrast, 48 h food deprivation had significant effect on formalin-evoked nociceptive behaviors in phase 2B for male Wistar and in interphase and phase 2B for female rats.
Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the existence of gender and strain-related differences in rats in the development and maintenance of inflammatory hyperalgesia. Also, these differences observed following food deprivation.
Zahra Moradpor; Ghasem Khakbaz; Ghasem Hesam
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 342-349
Abstract
Background and purpose: The use of local ventilation system is one of methods to collect and control of air pollutants in the cramp unit of industrial poultry slaughterhouse and its subsequent is reduction of the effects of air pollutants on human health. The purpose of this study is to survey the effect ...
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Background and purpose: The use of local ventilation system is one of methods to collect and control of air pollutants in the cramp unit of industrial poultry slaughterhouse and its subsequent is reduction of the effects of air pollutants on human health. The purpose of this study is to survey the effect of design and proper implementation of local ventilation system and the refiner on the control of dust in industrial slaughterhouse poultry.
Materials and methods: This study was conducted in three steps; evaluation of particulate air pollutants before design, design and implementation of local ventilation system and evaluation of local ventilation system. Sampling of respiratory and inhalational particles was done with the use of nylon cyclone and PVC filter according to the NIOSH 0600 method. Then, local ventilation system was designed and implemented according to velocity pressure procedure of the Committee of Industrial Ventilation America. Finally, the efficiency of local ventilation system and the refiner used were evaluated.
Results: The concentration of dust in a ventilation off system for respirable and inhalable particles, was obtained 13/07 and 1/18 mg/m3, respectively. Previous inefficient efficiency to remove respirable and inhalable particles was about 14 and 18 percent, respectively, which design and implementation of local ventilation systems increased the efficiency to more than 83 and 92 percent. Also, the efficiency of used refiner has been 58/26 and 27/52 percent for respirable and inhalable particles.
Conclusion: Findings of the study showed that design and proper implementation of local ventilation systems can have a great effect on reduction of particles in cramp unit. Also, use of the sedimentation chamber refiner has relatively good efficiency for the control of respiratory particles.
seyyed Hossein Ghafeleh Bashi; Mohammadebrahim Sarichloo; SeyyedAli Mohammad Mousavi; Seddigheh Salehi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 343-351
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Culture factors play an important role in the confirmation of obsession symptoms. Knowledge of information about the frequency and diversity of those symptoms is helpful for provision of a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy goals. The aim of this study, Determine ...
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Background & Objectives: Culture factors play an important role in the confirmation of obsession symptoms. Knowledge of information about the frequency and diversity of those symptoms is helpful for provision of a more accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy goals. The aim of this study, Determine the demographic characteristics and symptoms of obsessive–compulsive patients.
Materials & Methods: In a cross-sectional design (one year, from 10/1391 to 9/1392), 62 patients diagnosed with OCD from psychological clinic of Qazvin, were selected by the method of available sampling. Data were collected using clinical interview, demographic and MOCI questionnaire. Data have been analyzed by version 21 SPSS software, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (chi-square) The level 5 and 1 percent of Significant.
Finding: The most frequent onest of OCD, occurs in sections 21 to 30 years of age (%59.67). For women diagnosed with OCD, age at onset of this disorder is higher than for men.The fact that women suffer from this disorder more frequently shows that women need a more serious follow-up for their treatment than men (women= %88.71 and men=%11.29). Married people suffer from this disorder more frequently and are more motivated for treatment (%79.03). The type and quality of relationships with parents is also influential in the people suffering from OCD, it shows that they had strict parents with unilateral perspective (%83.87).
Also the results show that the most common symptoms of OCD in patients respectively, Included obsessive (98/38), suspicion (93/54), revision (91/93), repetition (87/09), washing (79/03).
Conclusion: Patients with OCD have different symptomatic and demographic characteristics. Reason for that can be their cultural diversity, and this finding could be an important concept for consideration for diagnosis and treatment.
Behzad Baradaran; Behroz Baghaee; Bakhtiyar Tartibiyan
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 345-353
Abstract
Background: The prior research was indicate relationship between inflammatory enzyme and total antioxidant status, and how effect of gender on this relation have been inconsistencies, so aim of this research evaluate the effect of gender differences on relationship between total antioxidant status and ...
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Background: The prior research was indicate relationship between inflammatory enzyme and total antioxidant status, and how effect of gender on this relation have been inconsistencies, so aim of this research evaluate the effect of gender differences on relationship between total antioxidant status and inflammatory enzyme fallowing to intensive aerobic exercise in young athletes individual. Materials and Method: this research was a semi-experimental method with repeated measures and athletic individual made of statistical population, from among the statistical population, 15 volunteer girls and 15 volunteer boys of urmia city participated in the research after having expressed their consent through a consent form. The subject performed intensive aerobic exercise test (speed: 12 km/h, gradient: 5%, time: 20 minute) and blood sample was collected in three stage, before, immediately and 3 h after the exercise (recovery) for measurement of Total antioxidant status (TAS), creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehidrogenase (LDH) levels, then blood sample was analyze by eutoanalizor. Research's data was analyzed by SPSS 18, Excel 2010 and statically methods such as Bonfreoni, Regression and Mann-Whitney in the significantly of P
Ahmad Taghavi Rafsanjani; SeyyedAli Haeri Rohani; Aliasghar Porshanazari; Ali Shamsizadeh; Mohammad Allah Tavakkoli
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 347-358
Abstract
Background and purpose: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are of main problems in human societies. In the present study, effect of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency, produced by single and repeated doses of morphine, was investigated.
Material and method: ...
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Background and purpose: Morphine addiction and morphine withdrawal syndrome are of main problems in human societies. In the present study, effect of nicotine on the strength of physical and psychological dependency, produced by single and repeated doses of morphine, was investigated.
Material and method: Male wistar rats were dependent to morphine with single and repeated dose protocols. In the single dose protocol, rats received only one dose of morphine and 24h later were given Naloxone. In the repeated dose protocol, rats received incremental doses of morphine for 7 days and 24h after the last dose (8th day) were given Naloxone. In the single dose protocol, rats were given one dose of nicotine 30 min before Naloxone. However in the repeated doses they received nicotine 15 min before morphine for 4 days from 4th day to 7th day. 5 min after Naloxone each rat′s behavior was captured for 30 min. then physical and psychological signs of withdrawal syndrome were recorded.
Results: Results showed that injection of repeated and even single dose of morphine can produce dependency. Nicotine consumption attenuated strength of withdrawal syndrome signs, specially increasing weight excrement and total withdrawal score in single dose protocol and weight excrement increasing, weight decreasing, place aversion, and total withdrawal score in repeated dose treatment.
Conclusion: Based on our data, even a single dose of morphine can produce dependency in rats. Conversely, Nicotine consumption attenuates strength of withdrawal syndrome signs.
Farzaneh Montazeri; Mansour Karaji Bani; Maryam Esmaeili
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 350-358
Abstract
Background and purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases dependingon nutrition. The aim of this studywas to investigate the relationship between the food intakes, obesity and dental caries among 6-11 years old children,referred to the pediatric clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, ...
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Background and purpose: Dental caries is one of the most common infectious diseases dependingon nutrition. The aim of this studywas to investigate the relationship between the food intakes, obesity and dental caries among 6-11 years old children,referred to the pediatric clinic of the Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan.
Materials and methods: This descriptive-analyticalstudy was performed on 79 children aged6-11 year-old. Dental caries was determined using DMFT. The body mass index (BMI) was usedto evaluate obesity and also asemi-quantitativefood frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was usedto assessfood intakes.
Results: The results showed that the prevalence of caries (≥4) amongoverweight and obese children was significantly more than other children(P>0.05 ).The results of food frequency showed that all childrenexcept those receivedmilk and dairyproducts, received fruits and vegetables from other food groups.There was a significant negative correlation between dental caries with mean consumption of milk and dairy products and fruits and vegetables,and a significant positive correlation with BMI and frequency of sweets consumption.
Conclusion:In the present study, obesity, cariogenic snacks, reducing the consumption of dairy products, fruits and vegetables have been proposed as risk factors for dental caries among children.Considering the importance of teeth in public health of children, education of parents and children regarding a balanced diet is essential.
Seyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr; Mohammad Mohammadzadeh; Hasan Ramshini
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 352-361
Abstract
Introduction: Minocycline has anticonvulsant effects. Since some antiepileptic drugs increase the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, the aim of this study is the effect of minocycline on gene expression of GABAA receptor in hippocampus and piriform brain areas on amygdale kindling acquisition in rat.
Methods: ...
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Introduction: Minocycline has anticonvulsant effects. Since some antiepileptic drugs increase the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, the aim of this study is the effect of minocycline on gene expression of GABAA receptor in hippocampus and piriform brain areas on amygdale kindling acquisition in rat.
Methods: In this experimental study, three group (24 Wistar rats), after stereotaxic surgery and 1 week recovery period, received kindling stimulations(twice daily at 6 hours interval). Group 1(n=8) did not receive daily kindling stimulations. Group 2 (n=8) received intraperitoneal saline (1ml/kg) and Group 3 (n=8) received intraperitoeneal minocycline (25 mg/kg) 60 min before kindling stimulation and respectively. Two hours after the last stimulation, animals’ brains were removed and the changes of gene expression by γ2 subunit of GABAAreceptor in the hippocampus and piriform cortex were measured and compared with the control group. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests (P
Gholamhossein Vaezi; Hamid Kalalianmoghaddam; Mahnaz Mesripoor Alavigeh
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 354-363
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction and impairs learning and memory. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, and has multiple pharmacological effects , including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity could improve learning and spatial memory impairment ...
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Background: Increasing evidence has shown that diabetes induced cognitive dysfunction and impairs learning and memory. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, and has multiple pharmacological effects , including anti-diabetic and antioxidant activity could improve learning and spatial memory impairment in STZ-induced diabetes in rats. Material and Methods: The male wistar rats (n= 40) were randomly allocated and similarly grouped: Control, berberine-treated non-diabetic (100 mg/ kg), diabetic, berberine- treated diabetic (50, 100 mg/ kg) groups. Diabetes was induced by STZ administration at the dose of 55 mg/ kg through i.p. route. Berberine hydrochloride was administered p.o. at doses of 50 and 100 mg/ kg/ day 1 week after STZ injection for a period of 6 weeks. Blood samples were taken from the tail vein 1, 3, 5, 7 weeks after STZ injection to measure blood glucose levels. Behavioral tests including spatial recognition and objective recognition were performed at the end of study as described below. Results: Berberine- treated diabetic groups (50, 100 mg/ kg/ day) dose dependently has significant differences with diabetic group in spatial recognition and objective recognition tests including number of entrance to new arms and also number of rearing to new arms Y maze. Moreover, with respect to the diabetic group, objective recognition test number increased in berberine treated diabetic group (50, 100 mg/ kg) but not significantly. Conclusion: Berberine hydrochloride administration for 6 weeks improves cognitive dysfuntion in streptozotocin- induced diabetic rats.
Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 359-366
Abstract
Introduction: Nicotine is the alkaloid used by millions of people around the world through smoking and at the same time these people also exposed to some kind stressors that effect on body including endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of nicotine and immobility ...
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Introduction: Nicotine is the alkaloid used by millions of people around the world through smoking and at the same time these people also exposed to some kind stressors that effect on body including endocrine system. The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of nicotine and immobility stress on plasma levels of hormones of ACTH and corticosterone in mature male rats.
Method: In this empirical research study, we used 70 mature male Wistar rats were enrolled as the control, sham and experiment groups randomly. 3 experimental groups of different types received doses of 0.3, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg BW nicotine, and 2 experimental group, one received for 2 hours immobility stress and other for 2 hours immobility stress and other plus nicotine with doses of 0.3 mg/kg BW and the sham group received 1cc of saline intraperitoneally for 5 days. 24 hours after the last injection, mice were bled from the heart and were measured hormones ACTH and corticosterone levels. The data were evaluated using ANOVA and Tuky test.
Results: The results showed that the nicotine at different doses and immobility stress and immobility stress with nicotine increases plasma levels of ACTH and corticosterone hormones.
Discussion and conclusion: According to the result of this study it can be concluded that the effect of immobilization stress and nicotine enhances the stimulatory effects of nicotine and stress on corticosterone and ACTH
Seyyedeh Akram Hosseini; Mehdi Golafrooz shahri; Hajar Sadeghi; MohammadHasan Rakhshani; Azam Barabadi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 359-367
Abstract
Background: although, Self-esteem can improve mental health, studies indicated that nursing students'Self-esteem level, especially in female is not desirable. Exercise may be influenced on enhancing self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on ...
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Background: although, Self-esteem can improve mental health, studies indicated that nursing students'Self-esteem level, especially in female is not desirable. Exercise may be influenced on enhancing self-esteem. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on self-esteem of female nursing students.
Method: This randomized control trial(single blinded) study was performed on 62 female nursing students at medical sciences university of sabzevar 2014. After selecting participants via convenience method, they were divided randomly into an experimental (n= 32) and a control(n = 30) group. The experimental group did the Pilates exercise twice a week for 2 months while, the control group continued their daily activities. Then, self-esteem level assessed and abtained data was analyzed by means of SPSS software (version 18) using descriptive statistics, paired t-test and covariance test.
Result: before intervention, the average score of self-esteem in experimental group was 90/09± (8/20) and in control group was 92/80±)9/22),whereas at the end of intervention these scores for experimental and control groups was observed as observed as 100/34± (7/72) and 94/10±)9/22), respectively which this difference was significant statistically (p=0/002).
Conclusions: in the present study, performance of pilates exercise was effective to improve female nursing students' self-esteem, therefore, there is suggested to use this as an attractive and harmless method for enhancing the students’ self-esteem level.
Reyhaneh Sabbaghzadeh
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 362-369
Abstract
Background: Molecular dynamics method to simulate the thermodynamic behavior of materials in the solid phase, liquid and gas using the force, velocity and position of particles. Among these factors, the most important factor is power. Classical molecular dynamics simulations, Classical potential energy ...
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Background: Molecular dynamics method to simulate the thermodynamic behavior of materials in the solid phase, liquid and gas using the force, velocity and position of particles. Among these factors, the most important factor is power. Classical molecular dynamics simulations, Classical potential energy is obtained. potential classic, is a function of the location and position of electrons in atoms or nuclei of atoms is dependent. purpose of this study compare the energy calculated for a number of biologically important proteins.
Materials and Methods: Molecular dynamics simulation provide an appropriate way to microscopic atomic and molecular modeling. The calculations were performed on a personal computer with the program hyperchem. No changes were made and geometry of all atoms, Dihedral angles and bonds were self-change.
Results: The final energy of protein structures using Monte-Carlo simulations, molecular dynamics and Langevin dynamics was performed. Optimize the geometry and the interaction energies calculated with different methods, for several proteins, including nerve growth factor receptor and enzyme protein was comparable effective learning.
Conclusion: Molecular dynamics simulations of quantum and classical potential energy of the electron Schrödinger equation is calculated. Simulation methods using a set of non-equilibrium transport properties and consider the effects of quantum mechanics are developed. Energy potential and the degree during the heat simulations almost constant that indicates the stability of the temperature structure of these proteins are listed.
Hamid Alami; Ahmad Dovlatabadi; Yaser Tabaraee; Alireza Qorbani; MohammadReza Shegerfnakhee
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 364-370
Abstract
Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine ...
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Background: family medicine is a global effort to improve quality, cost-effectiveness and equity in health care systems. Family medicine is bound to maintain and promote family and community health. Increase people satisfaction of family medicine plan is from these goals. This study aimed to determine the satisfaction of family medicine in insured people has done in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Data were collected by two-part questionnaire that measures satisfaction in 8 scope and 1250 samples selected randomly in each class. Also analyze it by SPSS 17 and using independent t-test, ANOVA and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Results: 1199 questionnaire was analyzed.69/4% of samples were housewives. Also 72/1% of them were female, 85/3% married, 86/4% rural residents and 90/9% of them received services from public centers. In surveyed scopes, the highest and lowest level of satisfaction observed in payment costs and trust and belief to family medicine performance respectively. Relationship between sex, age, job and marital status whit satisfaction rate was no significant. Also relationship between residence, education level and type of center whit satisfaction rate of family medicine was significant statistically. Conclusion: Results show that higher education level, receiving services from urban and private centers lead to more satisfaction for clients.
Saeed Nazeri; Mehdi Hedayati; Azadeh Tavakkoli Darestani; Hasan Ahmad Vand
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 367-372
Abstract
Background: Regarding estrogen role in free radical scavenging, secretion cessation of estrogen in menopause is considered as the source of ROS increase. due to deficiency of estrogen, antioxidant defence system seems to be affected in this phase. The aim of this study was Assay of total antioxidant ...
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Background: Regarding estrogen role in free radical scavenging, secretion cessation of estrogen in menopause is considered as the source of ROS increase. due to deficiency of estrogen, antioxidant defence system seems to be affected in this phase. The aim of this study was Assay of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in menopausal women.
Materials and Methods: This case-control study was performed on 75 postmenopausal women as a case group and 74 volunteer premenopausal women as a control was performed. Serum enzyme activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity was measured in the fasting state.
Results: The amount of total antioxidant capacity in postmenopausal (11.4±4.4 mM Trolox) compared to the control group (10.3±1.2 mM Trolox) were significantly decreased (p
Seyyed Mohsen Hosseini; Tovhid Jafari Kashki; Masoud Amini; Elham Faghih Imani
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 368-376
Abstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ ...
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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which its subsequent complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, ulcers, disability, and amputation increase the burden of the disease. Patient-knowledge-improving programs are employed to prevent disease progression and to improve the patients’ quality of life. In this way, we need to characterize the groups of patients with urgent need for more and rich in content programs. In the present study, we used Piecewise regression to evaluate the trends in diabetic nephropathy prevalence among patients registered in Sedigheh-Tahereh Research Center and also identify patients needing more attention.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 1935 registered patients in the center during 1992-2010.Piecewise regression was fitted using Joinpoint program 3.5.3 to identify change points.
Results: The results showed an upward trend with 2 change points in females (p-value= 0.06). There was 1 change point with an increased trend in recent years in elderly patients, older than 70 years (p-value=0.038).The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy was in rise without any change point among patients with academic education. In addition, patients with family history of diabetes showed the decreased trend with 2 change points (p-value= 0.040). Hypertensive patients experienced a fall in the trend up to 1997 and then this reminded stable.
Conclusion: Evaluating of a disease trend and its complications can lead to developing new theory and innovation. However, this is suggested to conduct further studies to exploring other subgroups and discovering the reasons for increased trend of disease in some subgroups.
Banafsheh Ranjbar; Iran Poraboli
Volume 21, Issue 3 , July and August 2014, , Pages 370-378
Abstract
Background: With respect to antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of Daucus carota seeds extract in improvement diabetes mellitus, in this study, effects of this extract on renal function indicators and liver function enzymes were investigated in diabetic male rats.
Materials ...
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Background: With respect to antioxidant, antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic properties of Daucus carota seeds extract in improvement diabetes mellitus, in this study, effects of this extract on renal function indicators and liver function enzymes were investigated in diabetic male rats.
Materials and Methods: Diabete type 1 was induced in male wistar rats weighting 200-250g by injection of 70 mg/kg, i.p of streptozotocin. Before this and 5 days postinjection fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of serum levels of glucose and liver enzymes (AST, ALT) and kidney indicators(urea, creatinine , uric acid). Diabetes was confirmed in rats having FBS above 250 mg/dL. Diabetic animals were devided to 10 groups received 100, 200, 300 mg/kg extract, 0.5 mL distilled water and 600µg/kg glibenclamide daily for 3 and 14 days individually by gavage. After 3 and, 14 days rats sacrified and fasting blood samples were collected and above serum parameters were measured with commertial kits by spectrophotometery
Results: Administration of different doses of D. Carota seeds extract for 3 and 14 days did not increase serum levels of renal indicators or liver enzymes. Also administration of extract (300 mg/kg) for 3 days significantly decreased urea and for 14 days decreased creatinine serum level. Also administration of extract at doses 100, 300 mg/kg for 3 days decreased AST and at 200 mg/kg for 14 days decreased ALT serum levels.
Conclusion: Using Daucus carota seeds extract for 3 or 14 days in remedy diabetes mellitus complications had no hepatotoxicity or renal damage.
Hadi Yarahmadi; AmirHossein Haghighi; Mohammadreza Hamedinai; Mehdi Zaree
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 371-381
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to Survey of relationship physical activity level and sedentary behaviors with diet patterns among 12-14 year-old adolescent boys in Sabzevar. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 650 boy students aged 12-14 years in Sabzevar that were ...
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Background: The aim of this study was to Survey of relationship physical activity level and sedentary behaviors with diet patterns among 12-14 year-old adolescent boys in Sabzevar. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 650 boy students aged 12-14 years in Sabzevar that were selected via classified random Sampling. Physical activity levels were assessed by the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Energy intake and Macronutrient were assessed by means of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Sedentary behaviors of subjects assessed by means of a made-researcher questionnaire by researcher. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 13 software using Spearman and Pearson's correlation coefficient and ANOVA test. Result: There was no significant correlation between physical activity level and energy intake and macronutrient. In total subjects there was no significant difference in the reported energy intake and macronutrient between physical activity levels. But, in 12 year-old subjects, energy intake, Total fat, Protein and Carbohydrates in low physical activity level subjects were significantly higher than moderate physical activity level subjects. There was significant positive correlation between physical activity level and Number of breakfast Consumption per week. There was no statistically significant correlation between the reported Energy intake and Macronutrient with sedentary behaviors. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the reported Energy intake and Macronutrient between physical activity levels among 12-14 year-old students. But, energy intake and macronutrient in low physical activity level subjects were somewhat higher than active subjects. Therefore, the results suggest that nutrition education regarding balanced diet and optimum physical activity is required for children's health and growth.
Ali Jalalvand; Ali Heidarianpour; Javad Almasi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 373-379
Abstract
Background: Aerobic exercise stimulates the release of β- endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that are induced influences of morphine and other receptors agonist’s opioid peptides. Therefore, it may be reduced withdrawal sign and benefit in withdrawal period.
The purpose of this study ...
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Background: Aerobic exercise stimulates the release of β- endorphin and other endogenous opioid peptides that are induced influences of morphine and other receptors agonist’s opioid peptides. Therefore, it may be reduced withdrawal sign and benefit in withdrawal period.
The purpose of this study was investigated acute effects of swimming exercise on common behavior following withdrawal syndrome in morphine-dependent rats.
Method: in this experimental study Male Wistar rats (250±20 g, N=24) in two group (control addiction, exercise trained addiction) were addicted by morphine sulfate 0.4 mg/ml (for 21 days) and animals were submitted to swimming training for 8 weeks;they initially swim 60 min for 3 weeks, then 90 min 2 weeks, finally 120 min for 3 weeks. At the end of each stage of exercise protocol we inject naloxan hydrochloride (3mg/kg.ip). Behavioral symptoms (such as jumping, tearing, teeth chattering, diarrhea, and body tremors) were measured based on 45-minute in addicted animal. Analysis of variance with repeated measures (with the software SPSS) was used to analyze the data.
Results: Our data showed that swimming exercise after 5 and 8 weeks acutely decreased withdrawal sign (p
Fatemeh Zihreh; Siam Nasri; Parisa Karishchi
Volume 22, Issue 2 , May and June 2015, , Pages 377-386
Abstract
Background and purpose: Antioxidants such as Quercetin protect sperm cells from free radical damage. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Quercetin on spermatogenesis in male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 male rats were used. Quercetin was injected daily ...
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Background and purpose: Antioxidants such as Quercetin protect sperm cells from free radical damage. This research was conducted to investigate the effects of Quercetin on spermatogenesis in male rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study 50 male rats were used. Quercetin was injected daily at doses of 5, 10, 15, 20 (mg/kg) for two weeks intraperitoneally. One week after the last injection, blood samples were collected and the left testis of rats were removed and weighed. Epididymal sperm and testicular sections were also studied. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA at the significant level of 0.05 in SPSS 19 software.
Results: No significant difference was found in serum level of gonadotropins, but testosterone has increased at dose of 20 mg/kg (6.52±0.50, P=0/0079).Significant difference in testicular weight wasn’t seen. The number of sperm (51.35±1.68, P=0.0251) and also sperm mobility (73.88±5.91, P= 0.0002) in the epididymis especially at dose of 20 mg/kg has increased. No significant difference was found between the groups in the number of spermatogonia cells. But the number of primary spermatocytes (118.25±7.04, P=0.0171), spermatids (106.75±6.28, P=0.0032) and Spermatozoa (101.75±6.30, P= 0.0008) were increased at dose of 20 mg/kg.
Conclusion: No significant change in gonadotropins was seen, which indicates that probably Quercetin has not affected PG axis. Quercetin is believed to improve the quality and quantity of germ cells with its antioxidant effects and increasing of testosterone.
Mosarreza Tadayyonfar; Hossein Khosrojerdi; Mehdi Amadani; Ali Tajabadi; Yaser Tabaraee
Volume 21, Issue 3 , July and August 2014, , Pages 379-385
Abstract
Background: Pain after appendectomy is the most common complaint of appendectomy patients. The most common treatment of this pain is the use of narcotic analgesics. Because of the narcotic side effects, the researchers have evaluated appropriate alternative medications to alleviate postoperative pain ...
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Background: Pain after appendectomy is the most common complaint of appendectomy patients. The most common treatment of this pain is the use of narcotic analgesics. Because of the narcotic side effects, the researchers have evaluated appropriate alternative medications to alleviate postoperative pain of appendectomy patients. This study aimed to compare the analgesic efficacy of diclofenac and morphine in appendectomy patients.
Materials and Methods: This clinical trial study was performed on 60 patients undergoing appendectomy. The study population was appendectomy patients aged 49-15 years, who had hospitalized in Shahid Beheshti hospital of Sabzevar city, in 2012. To perform the study, two groups of 30 subjects were triple-blind randomized. The first group received narcotic analgesics, and the second group received diclofenac. Based on the numeric pain standard scale, patient’s pain was assessed within the first hour after the drugs uptake. Data were analyzed in SPSS 18 using the Pearson correlation coefficient and chi square test; and P