Sohrab Hajizadeh; Mohammad Javan; Mohammadreza Bigdeli; Firozeh Alavian
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 287-295
Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that normobaric hyperoxia is effective in the treatment of acute ischemia, a phenomenon called preconditioning. However, the exact mechanism of this kind of preconditioning in vivo is not known. In this study, the effect of intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on expression ...
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Background: Recent studies have shown that normobaric hyperoxia is effective in the treatment of acute ischemia, a phenomenon called preconditioning. However, the exact mechanism of this kind of preconditioning in vivo is not known. In this study, the effect of intermittent normobaric hyperoxia on expression of HIF1α in a stroke model was investigated. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, rats were divided into 4 groups. Hyperoxia groups were exposed to 95% inspired oxygen for 4 h/day and 6 consecutive days. Oxygen concentration in the control groups was 21% (normoxia). After 24 h, rats in stroke groups were subjected to 60 min of right middle cerebral artery occlusion. After 24 h, reperfusion neurological deficit scores were assessed. The brain HIF1α levels were analyzed by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-test, Fisher exact test, and GraphPad Prism 5 software. Results: The results of this study showed that HIF1α levels increased in stroke groups compared with normoxia groups, while the amount of protein in hyperoxia groups was not significantly different from normoxia groups. Significantly increased HIF1α levels were observed in hyperoxia stroke group. Also, hyperoxia improved neurological deficit scores from 8.83% down to 3.46%. Conclusion: Hydroxylation, instability, and degradation of HIF1α occurred following hyperoxia. In the stroke groups, lack of oxygen delivery to cells prevents hydroxylation and degradation of HIF1α. In hyperoxia stroke group, inflammatory cytokines with increased ROS can induce increased expression of HIF1α.
Sara Shirdelzadeh; Nosrat Ghaemi; Hossein Karimi Moonaghi; Hamidreza Behnam Vashan
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 288-295
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in children. Achieving self-management of the child and her family is one of the important goals nursing these patients. The present research was conducted to examine the effect of problem solving education on the self-management ...
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Background and Purpose: Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease in children. Achieving self-management of the child and her family is one of the important goals nursing these patients. The present research was conducted to examine the effect of problem solving education on the self-management and HbA1C in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods and Materials: In this experimental study، adolescents 10-19 years old with type 1 diabetes for at least on year، were allocated randomly into two control and problem-solving education groups. The intervention group received 6 sessions of problem-solving process education; the family function of caregivers، self-management and HbA1C of adolescents with type 1 Diabetes before and 3 months after the intervention were evaluated. Data analysis was done using independent and paired t-test، Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests.
Results: Problem-solving education increased self-management in adolescents by 76.57% in terms of public health، 49.11% regimen therapy، 112.20% social presence and 75% in terms of overall self-management (p
Somayyeh Nayyeri; Mehdi Golafrooz; Hajar Sadeghi; Sara Amini; Laya Zarrabi; Mohammad hasan Rakhshani
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 289-299
Abstract
Background and purpose: Heart failure is a common and life-threatening situation. These patients have poor sleep quality. One of the possible ways of improving sleep qualityis based on self-care education in the nursing model, thus this study was aimed at assessing the effects of the partnership care ...
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Background and purpose: Heart failure is a common and life-threatening situation. These patients have poor sleep quality. One of the possible ways of improving sleep qualityis based on self-care education in the nursing model, thus this study was aimed at assessing the effects of the partnership care model on sleep quality among patients with heart failure.
Materials and Methods: An experimental study (randomized controlled trials) was performed on 102 patients with chronic stable heart failure among whom reffered to Vasei hospital of Sabzevar in 2014. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale was used as a criterion.Interventionand implementation of the partnership care model in one of the test groups were kept running for three months. Obtained data were analyzied based on descriptive and inferential statistical methods (chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, analysis of covariance & Multilevel Logistic Regression) with SPSS (Version 11.5) & SAS (Version 9.1) Softwares with 95% of confidence (95% CI).
Results: The results showed that there wasn't any statistical significant difference in the mean score of sleep quality between the two groups before the intervention. But after the intervention the values of mean and standard deviation of sleep quality were obtained 9.02±4.03 & 4.43±2.89, respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups in sleep scores obtained by statistical test of Mann-Whitney U (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Implementation of the partnership care model is effective in increasing the quality of sleep among patients with heart failure. Therefor the implementation of the partnership care model among patients with choronic disease is suggested.
MohammadHasn Shirsavar; Ali Mohammad Amirtash; Shahin Jalali; Mohsen Koshan; Fahimeh Keyvanloo; Mohammad SeyyedAhmadi
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 292-301
Abstract
Background and purpose: Addiction is a dependence on the drug that makes him the physical and psychological dependence on drugs and will affect all his personal and social behavior and has been attacked as an important social pathology of human society. Therefore, the aim of this study was Effect of ...
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Background and purpose: Addiction is a dependence on the drug that makes him the physical and psychological dependence on drugs and will affect all his personal and social behavior and has been attacked as an important social pathology of human society. Therefore, the aim of this study was Effect of a given exercise program on quality of life and self steam of addicts.
Methods and materials: The study was quasi-experimental. Between drug addiction in the center of the 60 Congress, 60 of whom were purposefully selected and divided into two groups. The first group, There were 30 people after detoxification and drug treatments did not participate in exercise programs and advice received, the second Group, There were 30 people on drug treatment and counseling after detoxification were involved in sports programs. In two pre-test and post test subjects responded to questionnaires about quality of life and self steam. Data analysis was performed using the dependent and independent T test whit Using software SPSS16 at significant level (p
Ayoub Rastegar; AmirHossein Mahvi; Aliakbar Mohammadi; Hossein Faraji
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 293-301
Abstract
Background: Underground water resources constitute an important part of urban water resources. One of the serious challenges in ensuring and promoting community health is gradual increase in nitrate levels of drinking water of communities across the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate ...
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Background: Underground water resources constitute an important part of urban water resources. One of the serious challenges in ensuring and promoting community health is gradual increase in nitrate levels of drinking water of communities across the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the seasonal variation of nitrate and ammonia levels in drinking water wells of Babol city using GIS software, in 2010-11.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was performed on drinking water wells of Babol city in 2010-11. Sampling was done according to a standard method from 20 drinking water wells, in different seasons; and in final, 80 water samples were analyzed. Nitrate and ammonia concentration of samples was measured using Spectrophotometer DR2000 (Hach company) in 500 and 425 nm, respectively. For qualitative analysis and seasonal fluctuation of nitrate and ammonia concentration of different areas, Geographic information systems , ArcGIS, was used.
Results: The results showed that the highest amount of nitrate was in summer (23.68 mg/l), and the lowest was in winter (14 mg/l). While the highest and the lowest amount of ammonia was in spring (0.43 mg/l) and summer (0.06 mg/l), respectively. Also, the results showed that only in well number 5 located in Kate Sofla village, nitrate concentration had increasing trend, and in the remaining wells, nitrate and ammonia concentration, had an increasing and a decreasing trend, respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicate that nitrate and ammonia levels in all samples were lower than the WHO recommendations. To avoid increasing in the ammonia and nitrate concentrations in the underground waters, ongoing training to farmers on the proper use of chemical fertilizers, as well as the construction and operation of wastewater collection systems are recommended.
amir Kasaieyan; Asghar Kiyan Zadeh; Seyyed Mostafa Tayyebi Sani; Hasan abadi; ali Fahimi nejad
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 294-300
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Reaction time (RT) is one of the most important decision-making elements and represents the speed of information processing (IP) that can affect sport skills, but its variation across visual and auditory reaction times among men and women athletes is unclear. The present study ...
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Background and Purpose: Reaction time (RT) is one of the most important decision-making elements and represents the speed of information processing (IP) that can affect sport skills, but its variation across visual and auditory reaction times among men and women athletes is unclear. The present study was designed to compare the visual and auditory simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time (CRT) among male and female athletes. Methods and Materials: This descriptive study involved 100 right-handed subjects (50 male and 50 female) with above-average IQ, from among the students of Physical Education at Tehran University, Iran. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The data were collected by the use of manual RT tool. The analysis of data was done by F test in SPSS 16 (p
Arash Akaberi; SeyedAhmad SeyyedAlinaghi; Rabieeollah Rahmani; Saeed Rahmani; Mohmoud Mahmoudi Farahani; SeyedMostafa Hosseini
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 296-301
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C، B، and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore، we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran، Iran during 2005 to 2007.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive ...
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Background and Purpose: Identifying the risk factors of Hepatitis C، B، and HIV is necessary to prevent their increasing prevalence. Therefore، we sought to identify the frequency of their risk factors among the homeless of Tehran، Iran during 2005 to 2007.
Methods and Materials: This descriptive analytical study was conducted during 2005 to 2007 on the homeless population of Tehran، Iran. Two groups of patients were enrolled in this study: 103 HIV-positive and 75 hepatitis patients were examined (total 178)، and relevant risk factors were investigated. The relevant details of the participants were obtained and recorded by a questionnaire، HIV and Hepatitis diagnosis using Eliza technique. Data were analyzed using Chi square and factor analysis in SPSS 13.
Results: 60.8% of the HIV positive cases and 43.88% of the hepatitis cases had no relations with their friends; the difference was statistically significant (p=0.027). Also، 94.2% of the AIDS cases and 85.1% of the hepatitis cases were deprived of their family support، and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.o44). the prevalence of addiction to crack and heroin was 28% and 44.7% in hepatitis and AIDS sufferers respectively، where the difference was statistically significant (p=0.023). The results of factor analysis revealed five major factors: familial factors (relation with family، relation with friends، lifestyle)، type of addiction (opium، crack، heroin)، social factors (sex، incarceration history، family support)، personal factors (age، marital status، living parents)، cultural factors (education، psychological problems). The five factors related to HIV comprised 68.42% of the total variance، and those of hepatitis 56.69% of the total variance.
Conclusion: The risk factors among the two groups are having no relations with friends، lack of family support and addiction to crack or heroin.
MohammadAli Hosseini; MAhshid Foroughan; Vina Ajami Ghaleh-Rashidi
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 296-303
Abstract
Background: Patients, regardless of their age, sex, race, and other differences, have a right to knowledge, choice, respect, confidentiality, territoriality, and efficient care and treatment in health care settings. Rehabilitation experts, like other health care providers, should be knowledgeable and ...
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Background: Patients, regardless of their age, sex, race, and other differences, have a right to knowledge, choice, respect, confidentiality, territoriality, and efficient care and treatment in health care settings. Rehabilitation experts, like other health care providers, should be knowledgeable and observant of these rights. This study was designed to determine the relationship between experts’ knowledge of patients’ rights and their level of observance of these rights. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, all experts working in rehabilitation and welfare centers in the city of Tehran with at least 6 months work experience were included by census method. Sixty-two experts were examined by a questionnaire with confirmed validity and reliability, consisting of 2 subscales measuring knowledge and observance of the participants on patients’ rights. Results: Of all the participants, 79% were female and 77.4% had bachelor’s degrees. The mean age was 35.9 (SD=8) years. Knowledge on patients’ rights was at the very good level in 59.7%, at the good level in 35.55%, and at the moderate level in 5.3%. Observance of patients’ rights was at the weak level in 13.6%, at the moderate level in 79%, and at the good level in 8.5%. Mean level of observance had significant relationships with sex (p
Nursing
Fateme Zeynali; Abdolghader Assarroudi; Hamid Reza Bahrami; Raziye Houshmand
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 299-304
Abstract
Effect of neiguan point acupressure on anxiety in patients are candidates for inguinal herniorrhaphy AbstractBackground: Anxiety is common and distressing symptoms that patients experience before surgery. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ear acupressure on anxiety in appendectomy ...
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Effect of neiguan point acupressure on anxiety in patients are candidates for inguinal herniorrhaphy AbstractBackground: Anxiety is common and distressing symptoms that patients experience before surgery. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of ear acupressure on anxiety in appendectomy candidate patients.Materials and methods: This is a one-blinded randomized control trial study including 88 patients divided in 2 groups who were scheduled to appendectomy surgery in sabzevar hospitals. Participants were selected using convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups: intervention and sham. The intervention patients which received acupressure bracelet with real button at the neiguan (PC6) point and sham group which received acupressure bracelet without button at the neiguan (PC6) point for 5 minutes. The data were analyzed by SPSS software (20 V) and SAS (9.2 V), descriptive and Inferential statistics were used. P-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.Results: Based on the results of study, applying acupressure significantly reduce the severity of anxiety in the intervention groups compare with sham group.Conclusion: acupressure at the neiguan (PC6) point can decrease severity of anxiety in appendectomy candidate patients
Masoumeh Golmahi; Arefeh Poortaleb; Ehsan Saffari; Somayyeh Salehabadi; Marjan Vojdani; Arash Shirdel; Fatemeh Ehtemam
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 300-307
Abstract
Background: this is undeniable that elderly population and their health needs are on the increase in developing countries. On the other hand, living environment is a contributing factor in their health status. The aim of the study was the evaluation of elderly's health status living in nursing homes ...
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Background: this is undeniable that elderly population and their health needs are on the increase in developing countries. On the other hand, living environment is a contributing factor in their health status. The aim of the study was the evaluation of elderly's health status living in nursing homes in Sabzevar -2014.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 171 elderly people living in nursing home in Sabzevar were selected using census method. Data were gatherers by means of a questionnaire (27 questions) through interview and then analyzed by SPSS 16 and descriptive statistics.
Results: The results showed that 90/1% of elderly suffer from joint pain. 83/6% of their had sleep problems, 62% anxiety and stress, 74/8% dental conditions, 79/5% vision problems, 28/1% hearing problems, 76/9% memory impairment, 56/7% history of collapsed.also, the percentage of urinary tract problems and constipation was 52/7% and 45/7%, respectively. 79/5% of people suffered from foot problems in which 56/7% of them had dry feet.
Conclusion: Due to the increasing elderly population, as a vulnerable group, this is essential to pay attention to them spatially in terms of some common disease. This can be an effective strategy to present some health and cultural programs.
Ebrahim Shirzadeh
Volume 17, Issue 4 , January and February 2011, , Pages 301-303
Abstract
A four-year-old girl referred to the ophthalmologist for evaluation of swelling and lesions on lids, nose and upper lip. In history by her mother’s statement, the patient developed lesions following a severe fever. The child did not indicate other problems. Clinical examination showed swelling, vesicle ...
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A four-year-old girl referred to the ophthalmologist for evaluation of swelling and lesions on lids, nose and upper lip. In history by her mother’s statement, the patient developed lesions following a severe fever. The child did not indicate other problems. Clinical examination showed swelling, vesicle lesions on lids (both eyes) and the upper lip and vesicle blister, crust and ulcerative lesions on dorsal and nasal bridge. Based on typical blister lesions of lids, nose and lip, the diagnosis was herpes simplex lesions. In a newborn, severely malnourished infants and immunocompromised persons, a serious infection may occur. The purpose of this clinical presentation is to report a severe and unusual clinical case of herpes simplex infection in an immunocompetent child.
Ebrahim Shirzadeh; Hasan Abollahzadeh
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 302-305
Abstract
A three-day-old Iranian female neonate being the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy was admitted to the ophthalmology office with severe abnormality of the left and right eyes. Family history، drug history and maternal diseases during pregnancy were negative and there was no history of consanguinity. ...
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A three-day-old Iranian female neonate being the product of an uncomplicated pregnancy was admitted to the ophthalmology office with severe abnormality of the left and right eyes. Family history، drug history and maternal diseases during pregnancy were negative and there was no history of consanguinity. Breastfeeding was normal and there was no problem of feeding and breathing. There were complete absence of both eyebrows and complete absence of lids in the left eye as well as an incomplete lid defect in the right eye. Slit lamp examination of the right eye showed remnants of incomplete upper lid margin with some eyelashes attached to the upper half of cornea. Part of anterior chamber and iris were visible from lower half of the right cornea. Pupil was not observable. Right lower lid had two layers with its inner layer attached to the lower part of cornea. Except for the pulling of the left nostril and nose toward the left cheek، other parts including the lips، mouth، tongue، palate and pharynx seemed normal. Also، she had partial syndactyly of the right hand and left foot. By parents’ statement، genitourinary tract and bowel tract had no abnormality. The diagnosis was cryptophthalmos-syndactyly syndrome. The purpose of this presentation is to report a new and severe case of bilateral cryptophthalmos-syndactyly.
Solmaz Mahdavi Ortakand; Amin Farzaneh Hesari; Mehdi Zareie; Mahyar Khoshdel
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 302-309
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was studying the comparative effects of a gluteus medius strength training program and balance training program on postural control in adult and elder women.
Method: this study is semi-experimental with pre-test – post-test design. Forty five elderly women (55-65 ...
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was studying the comparative effects of a gluteus medius strength training program and balance training program on postural control in adult and elder women.
Method: this study is semi-experimental with pre-test – post-test design. Forty five elderly women (55-65 aged) participated in this study and divided randomly in three groups: gluteus medius (GM), balanced and control. The Experimental groups performed their training program for 6 weeks and three times per week. Prior and after to starting training program, the balance measured by Berg Balance Test (BBT). Dependent t-test and ANOVA used to analyze the data (P
Gholamreza Nouri; Rahim Golmohammadi
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 302-309
Abstract
Background: There are many factors that effect on the lungs capacity and treatment process in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking, as a risk factor, is important in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Salmeterol on some parameters of pulmonary ventilation ...
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Background: There are many factors that effect on the lungs capacity and treatment process in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Smoking, as a risk factor, is important in this process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Salmeterol on some parameters of pulmonary ventilation in smokers and non-smokers patients with COPD.
Materials and Methods: This desiccative analytical study was done on 117 patients with respiratory symptoms of COPD who had referred to an internist during 2010-2013 in Sabzevar city, Iran. Data collection methods include observation, clinical symptoms, and respiratory test (spirometry) that was performed by a physician. Before and after Salmeterol inhalation, pulmonary function tests were performed, and pulmonary parameters FEVI, FVC, FEV1% and PEF were measured and recorded. Data were analyzed using paired t test, and independent t test.
Results: Of 117 patients 75(64%) were male and 42(36%) were female. The mean age of smokers and non-smokers was 42.36±18.20 and 50.14±18.56, respectively; which was statistically significan (P
Samaneh Bromand Novghabi; Seyyed Majid Ghazanfari; Azamsadat Hoseini Hoshyar; Maliheh Hasanzadehmofrad
Volume 19, Issue 3 , September and October 2012, , Pages 304-309
Abstract
Background: The association of an ovarian tumor with Ollier’s disease (multiple encondromatosis) is a known entity but chondrosarcoma and ovarian tumors is rare. Only one case with Ollier’s disease was reported. In this clinical presentation we report a patient with granulosa cell tumor and chondrosarcoma ...
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Background: The association of an ovarian tumor with Ollier’s disease (multiple encondromatosis) is a known entity but chondrosarcoma and ovarian tumors is rare. Only one case with Ollier’s disease was reported. In this clinical presentation we report a patient with granulosa cell tumor and chondrosarcoma Case Report: Our patient was a 20 year old woman with acute abdominal symptoms and adnexal mass. She had emergency surgery. Ovarian mass was removed and sent for pathologic study. Ovarian granulosa cell tumor was reported. In the next follow-up CTscan reported osteolitic mass of iliac bone. Biopsy was done and was compatible with chondrosarcoma of iliac. Then radical surgery and resection of iliac bon was performed. Due to the demand for fertility preservation, she was undergoing chemotherapy. Conclusion: There is a risk of malignant change to chondrosarcoma or other bone tumours in Ollier's Disease. The attractive point of this patient is the association of ovarian tumor with primary iliac chondrosarcoma that has not been reported .Concurrent findings may help future research in finding the cause, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of tumors.
SeyedAhmad Rasoulinejad; Mohammad Mikaniki; AmirHossein Shirzadian; Ebrahim Mikaniki
Volume 18, Issue 4 , January and February 2012, , Pages 306-308
Abstract
Retinopathy caused by radiation therapy has been frequently reported following treatment of lesions around the eye and orbit as well as inside the brain. In this paper، we report a female 51-year-old case of radiation retinopathy following Esthesioneuroblastoma. She was experiencing loss of vision، ...
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Retinopathy caused by radiation therapy has been frequently reported following treatment of lesions around the eye and orbit as well as inside the brain. In this paper، we report a female 51-year-old case of radiation retinopathy following Esthesioneuroblastoma. She was experiencing loss of vision، considering retinopathy due to radiation after angiography. Realtive improvement in vision was observed after laser photocoagulation. The purpose of this report is to turn attention into retinopathy following radiation therapy around the eye in order to timely diagnose and if possible to prevent or treat this complication which threatens the vision.
Maryam Shahbazi; Mahmoud Golzari; Ahmad Borjali
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 308-316
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Considering the decrease in biological processes and the increase in the quality and quantity of stress among elderly people, facing death is inevitable and the anxiety associated with it plays an important role in creation of mental disorders. The purpose of the following research ...
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Background and Purpose: Considering the decrease in biological processes and the increase in the quality and quantity of stress among elderly people, facing death is inevitable and the anxiety associated with it plays an important role in creation of mental disorders. The purpose of the following research is to study the effect of Healthy Life Style Training based on the World Health Model on the death anxiety among elderly people.
Materials and Methods: The population of this research includes all the elderlies in Ilam who live in nursing houses, comprehensive nursing rehabilitation centers and the national welfare organization sponsored institutions in 1392. Samples of the research include 30 of the population who were chosen through multistage random sampling. Templar's Death Anxiety questionnaires were used as an assessing tool in this research. Both groups were given pretests before the training. Then the experimental group was trained for 12 sessions, each session lasting about 45 minutes, during three months. Right away after finishing the training sessions, both groups were given post-tests. A follow-up stage was performed again 3 months later. Covariance analysis and dependent group T-test were used to analyze the data.
Results: The result regarding 3 stages by 95% of confidence confirms the efficiency of the Healthy Life Style Training on the Death Anxiety among elderly people.
Conclusion: Considering the fact that getting old is inevitable, having a healthy lifestyle and intensive care can help in case of having a more enjoyable life time with health and optimal rotation period.
Ali Shmasi zadeh; GholamHossein Hasanshahi; Ali Rohbakhsh; Fatemeh Ayobi; Mahshid Tahmtan
Volume 19, Issue 4 , January and February 2013, , Pages 310-324
Abstract
Background: Transient global cerebral ischemia, which leads to the extensive neuronal damage in the brain, results in a deficit in learning and memory. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on learning and spatial memory following transient cerebral ischemia ...
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Background: Transient global cerebral ischemia, which leads to the extensive neuronal damage in the brain, results in a deficit in learning and memory. We designed the present study to investigate the effect of exercise preconditioning on learning and spatial memory following transient cerebral ischemia in rat. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 50 male wistar rats weighing 250-300g were randomly allocated into different groups. Exercise was done by treadmill and for inducing cerebral ischemia both common carotid arteries were occluded for 10 minutes. Memory was evaluated by use of a step-through passive avoidance task. Sensory motor deficites was assesed by adhesive removal test and for evaluating slip ratio we used ledge beam walking test. Reslults: One week after transient cerebral ischemia, response latency decreased in passive avoidance test. Also touch time, remove time and slip ratio were increased in these animals. Exercise preconditioning improved the measured indices in ischemic rats. Conclusion: Exercise preconditioning improved deficites in learning and memory and also sensory motor function following transient cerebral ischemia.
AmiriHossein Haghighi; Hadi Yarahmadi; Abdolhamed Darijani
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 310-319
Abstract
Background: Smoking can decrease adiponectin serum and increase insulin resistance index. The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of one session of exhaustive aerobic exercise on levels of adiponectin serum and insulin resistance index in smoker men.
Materials and methods: A semi-experimental ...
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Background: Smoking can decrease adiponectin serum and increase insulin resistance index. The purpose of present study was to examine the effect of one session of exhaustive aerobic exercise on levels of adiponectin serum and insulin resistance index in smoker men.
Materials and methods: A semi-experimental design was used. The target population consisted of smoker students of the Hakim Sabzevari University, from whom twelve smoker male students volunteered and were randomly divided into three situations; control, exhaustive aerobic exercise at 70-75% intensity of maximal heart rate, and exhaustive aerobic exercise at 90-95% intensity of maximal heart rate, in a crossover design.Two situations of aerobic exhaustive exercise programs involved running on treadmill with intensities of 70-75% and 90-95% of maximum heart rate of the subjects. During this period, the control group did not perform any physical activity. To calculate changes in plasma volume and measurement of adiponectin, glucose, insulin and lipid profile indices blood samples were collected before and immediately after performing of aerobic exercises. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: After the correction of results with respect to plasma volume changes, no significant differences in serum of adiponectin levels (P=0.825) and insulin resistance index (P=0.756) were determined between the control and experimental situations. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed among the three situations in the glucose (P=0.633), insulin (P=0.768), low density lipoprotein (P=0.075), high density lipoprotein (P=0.131), total cholesterol (P=0.559), and serum triglyceride (P=0.641).
Conclusion: One session of exhaustive aerobic exercise with two different intensities has no effect on levels of serum adiponectin and insulin resistance index in smoker men. However, to achieve more conclusive results, further investigation is warranted.
Azadeh Imani; Zahra Lajvardi; Sepideh Motahhar; Mahbobeh Rasouli; MahmoudReza Ghadimi; Abdolkarim Chobsaz; Shirin Razeghian
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 310-319
Abstract
Background: Cesarean delivery is usually limited to cases where it is not possible through normal path, or is associated with serious risks for the fetus and mother, therefore it is expected, Caesarean section should be used in limited and specific cases and the rate of it does not exceed certain limits. ...
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Background: Cesarean delivery is usually limited to cases where it is not possible through normal path, or is associated with serious risks for the fetus and mother, therefore it is expected, Caesarean section should be used in limited and specific cases and the rate of it does not exceed certain limits. Unfortunately,nowadays reported cesarean section rate is more than acceptable in the country. Lack of awareness of the complications of cesarean and negative attitude toward normal vaginal delivery was of the causes of the increased tendency of pregnant women to have cesarean. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting on selection of the methods of delivery and attitude of pregnant women admitted to the civil hospitals Social Security Organization in 2013.
Materials and Methods: This research was descriptive–analytical and cross–sectional. In this study of 2521 pregnant women in 67 civil hospitals Social Security Organization across the country had referred in the summer of 2013, using simple random sampling were examined. For data collection, a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the questions about reasons for selection of cesarean, and attitude measurement toward vaginal delivery and cesareanwas prepared by voting of midwives and obstetricians and then,after final approval by test-ratest method,completed through interviews withpergenant mothers. For the data analysis were used of SPSS 22 software and chi-square and T-tests.
Results: The mean age mothers were 27.64±0.21 and also 57% of them had a higher education diploma. The cesarean rate was 50.7% in women in the study. 57% of women tend to be more moderate cesarean (p
Psychology
Mohammad Javad Asghari Ebrahim Abad; Mohammadreza Mazloomzadeh; Milad Shirkhani; Kimia Sabbagh; Faezeh Salayani
Volume 28, Issue 3 , May and June 2021, , Pages 311-319
Abstract
Introduction: Due to the increasing rate of Covid-19 disease, experiencing a high level of fear and anxiety is predictable. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of Covid-19 and health anxiety through the mediating roles of behavioral activation and inhibition ...
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Introduction: Due to the increasing rate of Covid-19 disease, experiencing a high level of fear and anxiety is predictable. In this regard, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between fear of Covid-19 and health anxiety through the mediating roles of behavioral activation and inhibition system. Materials and Methods: The design of the present study was descriptive-correlation and path analysis. The statistical population of this study included Iranian adults from which 605 people were selected by convenient sampling method. Data were collected using the Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems Scale (BAS / BIS Scale). Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. Results: The findings showed that there is a significant correlation (P <0.01) between fear of COVID 19, Behavioral inhibition system and reward responsiveness subscale of behavioral activation system with health anxiety. In addition, the Bootstrap results indicate that the mediating roles of the behavioral inhibition system (0.001) and the reward responsiveness subscale of the behavioral activation system (0.006) is significant. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, fear of COVID 19 can predict and affect health anxiety through interaction with behavioral inhibition system and reward responsiveness subscale of the behavioral activation system. Therefore, interventions based on the introduction of prevention programs concerning Covid-19 to reduce the fear and anxiety of people about getting it, have positive results and can be considered as prevention programs to help people overcome experienced health anxiety.
nutrition
Rahman Armand; Mozhgan Asghari; mohsen armand; garshasp rigi
Volume 27, Issue 3 , September and October 2020, , Pages 314-319
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Aflatoxin M1 is produced by metabolizing aflatoxin B1 in the liver of the animal and is introduced into milk. Therefore, they are a threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk and aflatoxin B1 in animal feed in Islamshahr.Materials ...
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AbstractBackground: Aflatoxin M1 is produced by metabolizing aflatoxin B1 in the liver of the animal and is introduced into milk. Therefore, they are a threat to public health. The aim of this study was to investigate aflatoxin M1 in cow's milk and aflatoxin B1 in animal feed in Islamshahr.Materials & Methods: In the winter of 1397, spring and summer of 1398, raw cow milk samples were collected from 5 livestock centers in each season. And 100 grams of feeds were taken, fed and taken to the laboratory for feed from livestock. The amount of aflatoxin was measured by ELISA. Data analysis was performed at the significant level of p
Abbas Sadeghi; Zyaeldin Bonyadi
Volume 22, Issue 3 , May and June 2015, , Pages 317-323
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Mashhad is holy city which annually welcomes more than 30 million Iranian and also more than a million pilgrims from abroad. Samen zone is the nearest place to the Holy Shrine. This zone with an area of about 337 hectare and with three healthcare centers in it is one of the ...
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Background & Objectives: Mashhad is holy city which annually welcomes more than 30 million Iranian and also more than a million pilgrims from abroad. Samen zone is the nearest place to the Holy Shrine. This zone with an area of about 337 hectare and with three healthcare centers in it is one of the important areas of Mashhad. Because of the area density, huge numbers of passengers and lack of appropriate accommodations for them, it seems that the health indices of these places to be not very good. Because there was not clear scientific status of these indicators there, this study was designed to clarify the value of health indices for accommodations places in the Samen zone in holy Mashhad in 1390.
Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the health status of all hospitality places (422 places) in Samen zone in summer 1390. To assess the health indices of the places according to Article No. 13 of Food, Drink and Cosmetics Act, a checklist was prepared about personal health, building health and equipment with 73 questions.
Results: Results showed that 15.17% of places had standards of health, 62.09% of them had criteria of building sanitation and 22 .75% of them had not satisfied conditions. The results also show that 92.2% of all workers had health card and 33.46% of them had health certificates.
Conclusion: Significant percentage of the places with poor health status pushes us to recommend a priority of providing better hygienic facilities. If it is not possible in reasonable time, the officials should prevent activities of these accommodations. By considering the number of employees of these places who had not health certified, continues education and regular inspection are useful for achieving better health conditions.
Korosh Ghazi; Mahshid Foroghan; MohammadAli Hosseini; Samaneh Hosseinzadeh; Mandana Asgari
Volume 20, Issue 3 , September and October 2013, , Pages 320-330
Abstract
Objective: In The last two decades, nursing homes for elderly have expanded tremendously. Client satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of service quality delivered by institutes and organizations. This study was carried out to measure client satisfaction in the private nursing homes of ...
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Objective: In The last two decades, nursing homes for elderly have expanded tremendously. Client satisfaction is one of the most important indicators of service quality delivered by institutes and organizations. This study was carried out to measure client satisfaction in the private nursing homes of Golestan, Mazandaran, Semnan and Northern Khorasan Provinces in 2012.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 89 participants from all 14 nursing homes located in the pre-mentioned provinces who met the inclusion criteria including age 60 years or older, ability to communicate, Abbreviated Mental Test scores of 6 or higher, and at least 6 months stay duration were recruited by the method of census and interviewed. Data was gathered using the questionnaire of Assessing Elderly Residents' Satisfaction of the Delivered Services in Nursing Homes. In order to analyze data, statistical parametric t-test, ANOVA, Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis test, Spearman correlation coefficient and SPSS software (version 17), were used.
Results: Mean scores showed that satisfaction with the physical care (3.55) and physical environment (3.77) were higher than of satisfaction with psychological care (3.00) and social care (3.26). The mean score of overall satisfaction with the services was 3.40 and indicative of satisfaction in the levels of moderate to good. There was a significant relation between mean scores of satisfaction and the way which clients had been admitted to nursing homes (p
Mohsen Khosroabadi; Mehdi Bakhshabadi; Alireza Golshan; Mohammad Mehrpoyan
Volume 21, Issue 2 , May and June 2014, , Pages 320-331
Abstract
Background: One of the ways to treat prostate cancer is brachytherapy using low-energy sources, such as iodine-125 (125I). The purpose of this study was to assess dose enhancement factor in tumors in the presence of various nanoparticles in prostate tumor, and the effect of these nanoparticles on isodose ...
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Background: One of the ways to treat prostate cancer is brachytherapy using low-energy sources, such as iodine-125 (125I). The purpose of this study was to assess dose enhancement factor in tumors in the presence of various nanoparticles in prostate tumor, and the effect of these nanoparticles on isodose curves in prostate cancer brachytherapy using Monte Carlo simulation.
Materials and Method: 125I brachytherapy source model SL-125/SH-125 was simulated using Monte Carlo MCNPX code. TG-43 parameters were calculated and verified. Dose enhancement factors were evaluated in presence of Fe2O3, Ag, Gd, Pt and Au nanoparticles in central cross section of the tumor in concentrations of 7, 18 and 30 mg/ml.
Results: Dose rate constant obtained 0.954 cGyh-1U-1. Maximum dose enhancement factors for Fe2O3, Ag, Gd, Pt and Au were 1.79, 1.32, 1.14, 1.15 and 1.27, respectively. Also, the 100% isodose line shifted toward the central point of the spherical tumor and the 100% isodose line shifted outward. Dose enhancement factors had no rule in increasing or decreasing by atomic number of nanoparticles.
Conclusion: Regarding to the simulation results, it can be concluded that nanoparticles presence in tumor leads to dose increase inside the tumor and dose decrease outside the tumor. Therefore, we can reduce treatment time and activity. So, the clinical use of these nanoparticles is recommended to enhance prostate brachytherapy dose.