Farideh Bastani; Masoomeh Alijanpoor agha maleki; Somayyeh Saadat Hosseini; Somayyeh Salehabadi; Sima Ghezelbash
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1134-1143
Abstract
Background and aim: providing care of patient with Alzheimer disease in long term associates with an increase in physical and mental health problems for caregivers. The study purpose was to assess the relationship between general health and burden in women as caregivers of patient with Alzheimer disease.
Material ...
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Background and aim: providing care of patient with Alzheimer disease in long term associates with an increase in physical and mental health problems for caregivers. The study purpose was to assess the relationship between general health and burden in women as caregivers of patient with Alzheimer disease.
Material and Methods: In this cross sectional and study, 150 women who had 18-60 years old and were the first-degree relatives of elderly patient with Alzheimer and also being direct caregivers for at least six months were selected through the convenience method. The data were collected using general health and burden questionnaire and then analyzed using by SPSS 16 and some tests like independent T-test, ANOVA and Regression analysis with Pvalu of .05.
Results: The results indicated that 38% of caregivers were in a range age of 51-60 years old. In addition, 75.3% of theme were married and 72.7% had moderate economic status, 82% were house holder, 65.3% of them had diploma education, and 66% were elder’s daughter and took care of their old patients for 6-12 months. Results showed that 24% of participants were in a good level of general health and 62% experienced a high level of burden. Pearson’s correlation coefficient created a significant negative correlation between general health and burden (r= P≤0/000r= 0/661).
Conclusion: According to the correlation between level of general health and burden in this study, health level of care providers is an important health problem requiring to receiving attention from healthy services and professions as a priority in health caring.
Raziyeh Chaghakhori; Majid Mohammadshahi; Karim Movla; Mehdi Zareie; Fatemeh Heydari
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1144-1153
Abstract
Background and purpose : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder which leads to an increase in casualties caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytokines and hs-CRP play a main role in pathophysiology of RA and CVD. Soy foods and phytoestrogens have anti-inflammatory properties. ...
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Background and purpose : Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disorder which leads to an increase in casualties caused by cardiovascular disease (CVD). Adipocytokines and hs-CRP play a main role in pathophysiology of RA and CVD. Soy foods and phytoestrogens have anti-inflammatory properties. So, this study was designed to determine the effects of soy milk consumption comparing with cow’s milk consumption on anthropometric indicators, blood pressure (BP), hs-CRP, adiponectin and leptin among patients suffering from RA.
Material and methods: This randomized, crossover clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients. This study had two intervention periods, each lasted 4-weeks. Subjects were divided in two groups of consuming soy milk (one glass per day) and cow's milk (one glass per day). The wash‐out period was two weeks. Variables were measured before and after of each intervention.
Results: Soy milk consumption resulted a significant reduction in hs-CRP levels (percent change: -13.81±5.39 vs. 9.21±6.33%; P˂0.008). Serum levels of adiponectin decreased in soy milk group (baseline: 38.39±2, end: 30.71±1.9; P˂0.01). However, this reduction was not significant comparing with cow’s milk (p=0.096). We have not seen any significant differences in leptin levels, weight and BP between two interventional periods (p˃0.05).
Conclusion: Soy milk consumption for 4 weeks could decrease serum levels of hs-CRP, and had no significant effects on other variables in patients suffering fromRA.
Raziyeh Khosrorad; Sakineh Soltani Kohbani
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1152-1162
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the executive functions (EF) such as: organizing, planning and inhibition and theory of mind (ToM) in students with math disorder (MD) and ordinary students and surveying the relationship between EF and ToM.
Method: The present study was a cross-sectional ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the executive functions (EF) such as: organizing, planning and inhibition and theory of mind (ToM) in students with math disorder (MD) and ordinary students and surveying the relationship between EF and ToM.
Method: The present study was a cross-sectional analysis. The statistical sample composed of the boys and girls students of primary schools in Tehran in 2012. Twenty ordinary elementary students (7/2=m age) with Twenty mathematics disorder elementary students were chosen which are based on the criteria of American Psychiatric Association. Then their executive functions and theory of mind were analyzed, and the results were compared. For gathering data neurological and psychological tests, standard diagnostic test with coolige (2002) and test of intelligence Raven and theory of mind are used. The data were analyzed with independent t test and Pearson correlation with Spss software (version11).
Result: Executive function performance in mathematics disorder students had difference with ordinary students in organizing (t=2/42), determination - planning (t=2/61) and inhibition (t=2/10). Students with mathematics disorder were weaker than ordinary students in emotional recognition (t=2/61), understanding wrong belief (t=2/21) and understanding joke (t=2/09). The test of executive function and theory of mind had a high correlation (r=+ 0/61).
Conclusion: This study shows that students with mathematics disorder compared with normal students have problems in executive functions and theory of mind.
Nahid Bijeh; Alireza Delpasand; Keivan Hejazi
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1163-1172
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Aerobic training can be affected in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women. However, it's worth saying that different intensities of aerobic exercises for curing the disease is in ambiguous. The purpose of this study was ...
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Background and Objectives: Aerobic training can be affected in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) which is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women. However, it's worth saying that different intensities of aerobic exercises for curing the disease is in ambiguous. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with different intensities on levels of insulin, fasting glucose and insulin resistance in female rats with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, forty adult eight-week rats with Wistar race (185±22 gr) after induction of PCOS, divided into four groups: healthy control, polycystic control, low-and moderate-intensity groups. They took part in eight-week program of aerobic exercise with 45% maximal oxygen consumption (equal 15m/min speed) and 65% maximal oxygen consumption (equal 25m/min speed), within three days a week for two period of 35 minutes with 10 min rest between periods. Data were collected and analyzed by Spss software (version16.0). One way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was used for comparisons between groups. The level of significance was considered 0.05.
Results: The results showed that there were no significant differences in the level of insulin and glucose in any groups. Insulin resistance in polycystic moderate intensity group compared to control PCOS group had a significant reduction (p=0.035).
Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that aerobic exercise with moderate intensity and with reduction of insulin resistance can be considered as a non-pharmacological treatment method for recovery polycystic ovary syndrome patients.
Mohammadreza Mofatteh; Seyyed Hasan Golboee; Mohammad Mehdi Hasanzadeh taheri; Seyyedeh Mahsa Hosseini; Yalda Jan nesar Brojerdi
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1173-1181
Abstract
Introduction: Pain is the most important complication following tonsillectomy and pharyngeal palatine tonsil, and coupled palatine tonsils and throat. There isno enough investigation about antibiotic therapy on this complication. Furthermore, as there is no agreement in the use of antibiotic on pain ...
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Introduction: Pain is the most important complication following tonsillectomy and pharyngeal palatine tonsil, and coupled palatine tonsils and throat. There isno enough investigation about antibiotic therapy on this complication. Furthermore, as there is no agreement in the use of antibiotic on pain complication, this investigation designed for finding of the efficacy of antibiotic therapy on pain complication consequent of tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy and its severity.
Method and Materials: This randomized clinical trial (RCT) study was carried out on 138 patients who were candidate for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. The patients according to systematic randomized divided into two equal groups; the first group as the intervention, received antibiotic and the other as the comparison received no antibiotic. Both the groups were compared in the variables such as: throat and ear pains, their severity, and patient's need to analgesic drugs after tonsillectomy and adenotonsillectomy. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 13 and using chi-square, Fisher and Man-Withny tests and α
Somayyeh Zarrati; Sobhan Fayezi; Hamid Sadighiyan; AbbasAli Imani Foladi; Mehdi Mahdavi; Reza Falak; Narges Tehrani; Fatemeh Tabatabaee
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1182-1193
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a major infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genusLeishmania.Despite of many efforts have been madeno effective vaccineagainst Leishmania infectionhas been approved yet.The major advantage of DNAvaccine isto induce the expression of antigens, which are ...
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Background: Leishmaniasis is a major infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genusLeishmania.Despite of many efforts have been madeno effective vaccineagainst Leishmania infectionhas been approved yet.The major advantage of DNAvaccine isto induce the expression of antigens, which are unaltered in their protein structure and antigenicity. In this study, in order to increase immunity, thecandidate DNA vaccine has been supplemented with nano-adjuvant and its immunogenicity was tested on BALB/c rats.
Materials and Methods: Considering other studies that have demonstratedLeishmania TSA protein is antigenic in both murine and human systems, in this study a new nanovaccinecontaining TSA recombinant plasmid and poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles (as an adjuvant) was designed. After three intramuscular injection of nanovaccine (100 µg),the recombinant TSA protein(20 µg) was injected subcutaneously.3 weeks later,animal were infected by Leishmania major.Finally lymphocyte proliferation and cellular immune responses (IFN-γ,IL-4 prodution) were evaluated byusinigBrdu and ELISA methods.
Results: Theresultsof this study showed that the new nanovaccine was capable of inducing both cytokines secretion,but predominant Th1 immune response characterized by IFN-γ production compared to control groups.
Conclusion: Results revealed that, current candidate nanovaccine has potency for future studies to prepare vaccine against Leishmania.
Hasan Izanloo; Seyyed Mostafa Khezri; Gharib Majidi; Aliasghar Al Sheykh; Hamidreza Tashauoei; Mohammad Khazaee; Behnam Vakili; Vahid Vaziri rad; Hossein Aghababaee; Shahnaz Arsang Jang
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1194-1204
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was surveying the trends of nitrate variations in drinking water of rural areas of Qom province and its mapping using GIS software.
Materials and Methods: This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type. The collected data related to nitrate concentrations during ...
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Background: The purpose of this study was surveying the trends of nitrate variations in drinking water of rural areas of Qom province and its mapping using GIS software.
Materials and Methods: This study was of descriptive cross-sectional type. The collected data related to nitrate concentrations during years 2006-2011 were acquired from Qom Province Rural Water and Wastewater Company. During the year 2012, 73 wells were tested via two sampling runs; one sampling set performed in wet season and the other one carried out in the dry season. Nitrate concentrations were determined spectrophotometric ally. The Chi-squared test and segmented regression model were used for data analysis. Four software’s, namely, Excel-2007, SPSS-16 and Joinpoint-4.1, were used for data mapping and analysis.
Results: The average nitrate concentration during 2006-2012 period was 23.12 mg/L with the standard deviation of 18.68 mg/L. 7.5% and 4.9% of the surveyed wells were “at risk” and “contaminated”, respectively. Regression results indicated a lack of sufficient statistical evidence to accept an increasing trend of nitrate during the study period (P value=0.85). There was no significant difference in the contamination averages between the results of two sample sets which were taken during each year. During the beginning of 2006 to the beginning of 2013, an increasing trend of nitrate concentration was observed in the contaminated wells.
Conclusion: In the majority of monitored wells, the nitrate concentration was in the standard range. In the “at risk” wells and also in the others, the concentrations were beyond the standard levels. Therefore, Management approaches should be applied to avoid the nitrate penetration into the aquifers.
Gholamreza Bidhendi; Naser Mehrdadi; Mehdi Asadi Ghalhari
Volume 21, Issue 6 , January and February 2015, , Pages 1205-1213
Abstract
Background: Today, production of energy from renewable sources such as biomass is now receiving serious attention to replace fossil fuels. Accordingly, the aim of this study was electricity production due to wastewater treatment.
Materials and Methods: The pilot of the air Cathode microbial fuel cell ...
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Background: Today, production of energy from renewable sources such as biomass is now receiving serious attention to replace fossil fuels. Accordingly, the aim of this study was electricity production due to wastewater treatment.
Materials and Methods: The pilot of the air Cathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) was used at laboratory scale. The external resistance was determined about 1000 Ω using a polarization curve. The system was operated as batch mode. Voltage produced by the system in 25 and 50 mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was determined. Then the output power and current density was calculated. To determine the efficiency of the air cathode MFC in wastewater treatment, COD of wastewater (influent and effluent) was also measured.
Results: COD removal efficiencies of wastewater in both 25 and 50mM PBS were 90.86 ± 1.4 and 90.45 ± 0.48%, respectively. The maximum voltage, power and current density were 587mV, 830mW/m2 and 487mA/m2 in 25mM PBS and 596mV, 843mW/m2 and 502mA/m2 in 50mM PBS, respectively. Duration of the voltage produced in 50mM PBS was higher than 25mM PBS (2 times) due to higher resistance against decrease in pH value.
Conclusion: Air cathode microbial fuel cells in addition to compete with conventional systems such as activated sludge, in wastewater treatment, can produce energy simultaneously.
Haniyeh Ghorbannejad; Alireza Didarloo; Farnush Bakhshimoghaddam; Mohammad Alizadeh
Volume 27, Issue 1 , May and June 2020, , Pages 7-17
Abstract
Background: Obesity in children and adolescents and adults is one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st Century. Meanwhile, adolescence is an important stage in creating healthy eating habits, which is usually maintained until the end of life. The present study was designed to investigate ...
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Background: Obesity in children and adolescents and adults is one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st Century. Meanwhile, adolescence is an important stage in creating healthy eating habits, which is usually maintained until the end of life. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns with body mass index in adolescents female in Urmia.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 453 female students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Anthropometric indices including height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard methods and calibrated instruments. The usual food intake was determined using a semi-quantitative FFQ.
Results: In this study, three major dietary patterns were identified among female students. The "traditional" pattern included fruits, nuts, dried fruits, can and jams, pickles, tea and coffee, honey, vegetables, and sweets. The "high protein" pattern included legumes, organ meats, fish, egg, red meat, high-fat dairy products, cereals, and vegetables. The pattern of "fast foods and salty snacks" included the high-consumption of soft drinks, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets, sugars and juice. High protein dietary pattern [(second tertile compared to first one: (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = (1.1 - 3), P = 0.016) and third tertile compared to the first one: (OR = 1.6, (95% CI = 1.01- 2.7, P = 0.046)] were directly related to underweight. This significant association was maintained in the multiple logistic regression model (Tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: OR = 1.66, 85% CI (1.15-2.39), P = 0.048).
Conclusion: The results of this study show that a high protein diet was associated with an increased risk of underweight.
Mahta Mazaheri Naeeni; Tayebeh Rabbani
Volume 24, Issue 1 , March and April 2017, , Pages 9-15
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion ...
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Background & Objectives: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world that is affected by various genetics, epigenetic and many other environmental factors. Estrogen is one of the risk factors for this cancer. This factor lead to genetic alterations and the beginning and promotion of breast cancer. Materials & Methods: In this review, we provide information using databases of NCBI, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Ovid MEDLINE, about the molecular basis of breast cancer, the effect of estrogen hormone, and estrogen receptors on cancer incidence, the use of anti-estrogens such as Tamoxifen in treatment of breast cancer and mechanisms of resistant to these drugs. Result: Anti-estrogens such as tamoxifen play an important role in treatment of estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers by preventing estrogen binding to its receptors in these tumors. Finding the molecular basis of breast cancer will help us to achieve effective treatment for breast cancer. Conclusion: Increased estrogen and estrogen receptor highly influence the incidence of breast cancer. Tamoxifen is standard adjuvant therapy for women with ER-positive [+], but there is some intrinsic or acquired resistance to endocrine treatment that require further investigations.
Human Baharvahdat; Payam Sasannejad; Mahmud Mohammadzade Shabestari; Farzad Fazeli
Volume 24, Issue 6 , March and April 2018, , Pages 13-18
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Several studies confirmed that early recanalization of intracranial arteries during ischemic strokes result in better recovery of these patients after three months of treatment. Materials & Methods: Recanalization of cerebral arteries is performed using intravenous tPA ...
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Background & Objectives: Several studies confirmed that early recanalization of intracranial arteries during ischemic strokes result in better recovery of these patients after three months of treatment. Materials & Methods: Recanalization of cerebral arteries is performed using intravenous tPA or mechanical thrombectomy. Results: Intravenous tPA injection within 3 hours of ischemic stroke is associated with better outcome in three months follow-up. Intravenous tPA has less effect on large cerebral arteries, like internal carotid arteries. Recent studies showed that mechanical thrombectomy of large cerebral arteries within 6 hours of stroke onset is associated with better outcome three months after operation. Since 2015, mechanical thrombectomy has been entered in first-line of acute phase of ischemic stroke in several guidelines and countries. Mechanical thrombectomy included several different endovascular techniques, as thrombosuction and stent retrieval for clot removal. Conclusion: Understanding several these different techniques, thier benefits, and their safety could help better selection of suitable method for endovascular treatment of stroke patients.
Yousof Mousavi; Hossein Azizi; Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh; Mohammad Javan; Saeed Semnanian
Volume 25, Issue 1 , May and June 2018, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) contains large clusters of noradrenergic neurons which project widely throughout the central nervous system including hypothalamus. The LC is involved in cognitive processes, including attention, learning, memory and drug addiction. Orexin neuropeptides excite the ...
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Background: The locus coeruleus (LC) contains large clusters of noradrenergic neurons which project widely throughout the central nervous system including hypothalamus. The LC is involved in cognitive processes, including attention, learning, memory and drug addiction. Orexin neuropeptides excite the noradrenergic LC neurons; however, its effects on inhibitory synaptic transmission to the LC neurons are unknown. Materials and Methods: Here, we investigated the effect of orexin-A (100 nM) on sIPSCs in LC neurons. We used whole-cell patch clamp recording in rat horizontal slices containing the LC nucleus. Results: Our electrophysiological data indicate that orexin-A application only decreased sIPSCs frequency of LC neurons that was blocked by SB-334867, selective orexin type-1 receptors. Conclusion: In this study, our findings suggest that orexin-A depresses sIPSCs frequency through orexin type-1 receptors. It can be deduced that these changes in inhibitory synaptic transmission may be elicited by prestsynaptic mechanism. These results provide in vitro evidence for a critical role of orexin signaling in LC neurons.
Educational
Reza Aletaha; Negin Jabbary; Niaz Azari
Volume 26, Issue 1 , March and April 2019, , Pages 13-23
Abstract
AbstractIntroduction: Universities and higher education institutions, as knowledge-based institutions, play a key role in the development of countries and their performance in different domains should be evaluated. Ranking is one of the tools for assessing the performance, competitiveness and success ...
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AbstractIntroduction: Universities and higher education institutions, as knowledge-based institutions, play a key role in the development of countries and their performance in different domains should be evaluated. Ranking is one of the tools for assessing the performance, competitiveness and success of universities. It is desirable to rank as one of the key missions of the higher education system, so that, with its implementation, we can see the change in the behavior of institutions on the path to the goals of the macro.Methods: In this paper, we identified the ranking indixes of the Northeast Universities of Medical Sciences, which extracted from 119 citations of the 27 original codes and categorized into 7 branches. For the ranking of the medical sciences university, the main functions were considered. Is taken to select appropriate criteria based on content analysis and the most important concepts of each criterion were introduced.Results: The results show that the most influential codes of each criterion were standardization, training factors, governance index, research, quality development index.Keywords: ranking, medical sciences, standardization, qualitative development
Epidemiology and Statistics
Kolsomeh Chamani; Mohammad Reza Hamedinia; Mohammad Reza Moein Frad; tayebe Amiri Parsa
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 13-21
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was the investigation of obesity prevalence and some related factors in Bojnord female. Materials and Methods: The samples consisting of 380 females of 3050 years of age, were selected based on random cluster sampling method. A researcher made questionnaire ...
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was the investigation of obesity prevalence and some related factors in Bojnord female. Materials and Methods: The samples consisting of 380 females of 3050 years of age, were selected based on random cluster sampling method. A researcher made questionnaire was prepared for gathering data about breeding and obesity. The Beck questionnaire was used to measure the physical activity level. Results: The results showed that the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the female aged 30-50 years of the city of Bojnord were 21.8 and 43.4 percent, respectively. Conclusion: The results also showed that age of the first Parturition (P=0/06), lactation duration (P=0/26), the age of the first menstrual period (P=0/24), TV watching duration in 24 hours (P=0/61), physical activity index during job (P=0/36) and exercising (P=0/21) among three groups were not significantly differnece. Age (P=0/00), children number (P=0/01), pregnancy number (P=0/00), duration of consumption of Oral contraceptive pill (P=0/03), sitting and physical inactivity in female normal weight in comparison with obese female (P=0/01)were significantly lower, and physical activity index in leasure time (P=0/00) and marriage age (P=0/03) were higer. Considering the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in Bojnord, it is recommended that women do more physical activity and further information be made for women about obesity-related risk factors, recognize symptoms and illnesses caused by obesity and ultimately prevent and reduce chronic diseases and their costs resulting from treatment programs should be done
Psychology
Saeed Reza Amirian; Mojtaba Amirimajd; Mansure Shahriari Ahmadi; leila elyasi
Volume 29, Issue 1 , May and June 2022, , Pages 13-24
Abstract
Background and objectives: Considering the insufficient efficacy of the medical and educational rehabilitation treatments on behavioral problems of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), novel treatments based on Mindfulness–Based Positive Behavior support (MBPBS) therapy on mothers of these ...
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Background and objectives: Considering the insufficient efficacy of the medical and educational rehabilitation treatments on behavioral problems of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), novel treatments based on Mindfulness–Based Positive Behavior support (MBPBS) therapy on mothers of these children are suggested for reducing the behavioral problems of their children. Thus, in the present study, the effect of MBPBS on mindfulness of mothers of children with ASD and the behavioral problems of children were investigated.Methods: In this study, we randomly divided 30 mothers of 8-10 year-old children with ASD into two groups of experiment and control, 15 in each group. Both groups were evaluated using Bodfish Repetitive Behavior Scale–Revised before intervention, after 8 sessions of MBPBS education of the intervention group, and one month after the intervention. Results: Mean scores of stereotyped, self-harm, monotone, obsessive, ritualistic, and limited behavior were similar at pre-test (P>0.05); while, immediately and one month after intervention, it was significantly lower in the intervention group, compared to the control group; mean scores of the above-mentioned behavior had no significant change by time in children with ASD in the control group, while it had significant decrease in the intervention group by time (P<0.001). Conclusion: MBPBS education to mothers of ASD children is effective on reducing the behavioral problems of ASD children and is thus suggested to be included in the treatment protocol of these children.
Mosareza Tadayyonfar; Mehdi Amadani; Ali Tajabadi; Yaser Tabaraee; Hossein Khosrojerdi
Volume 23, Issue 1 , May and June 2016, , Pages 14-20
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Pain after surgery, especially in appendectomy, is one of the most common causes of patients’ dissatisfaction. Regarding common side effects of existing analgesics, the researchers decided to replace conventional medicine for overcoming postoperative pain in such patients. ...
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Background & Objectives: Pain after surgery, especially in appendectomy, is one of the most common causes of patients’ dissatisfaction. Regarding common side effects of existing analgesics, the researchers decided to replace conventional medicine for overcoming postoperative pain in such patients. Therefore, the aim of this study is to compare the pain relief effects of diclofenac and promethazine in patients with appendectomy. Materials & Methodes: This triple blind clinical trial was performed on 60 patients of 49 -15 years old undergoing appendectomy in Shahid Doctor Beheshti Hospital of Sabzevar in 2012. Participants were selected by convenience sampling and randomly divided into two 30-cases groups of control and intervention, respectively received diclofenac promethazine by muscle depth injection in Dursuglutyal muscle. According to the standard numeric pain scale, the pain was investigated in the first hours after treatment. Data were analyzed using the Pearson chi-square test and SPSS version 18, and the level of significance was selected as 0.05. Results: The difference of postoperative pain relief was significant (P=0/018) between the two groups at a half an hour. The average amount of pain in half an hour after injection of diclofenac and promethazine were 5.04± 2.26 and 3.96 ± 1.33, respectively. Also, the average amount of pain in one hour after injection of diclofenac and promethazine were 4.59 ± 5/31 and 3.30 ± 1.33, respectively. However, the differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.177). Conclusion: Promethazine is of greater analgesic efficacy than diclofenac. Therefore, a basic planing is recommended for the use of phenothiazines instead of highly morbid analgesics like non -steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Mohammadhasan Lotfi; Sajjad Rahimi Pardanjani
Volume 22, Issue 1 , March and April 2015, , Pages 93-105
Abstract
Background and purpose: Due to the very high prevalence of congenital hypothyroid ism disease in Yazd city and lack of similar information ,in case of upgrading the knowledge levels of growth qualifications among children of this city, present research was aimed at studying growth pattern of thefirst5 ...
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Background and purpose: Due to the very high prevalence of congenital hypothyroid ism disease in Yazd city and lack of similar information ,in case of upgrading the knowledge levels of growth qualifications among children of this city, present research was aimed at studying growth pattern of thefirst5 years of children's life suffering from congenital hypothyroidism.
Methods and Materials: In this case a retrospective cohort study was performed on all neonates born that have been diagnosed as patient by screening programduring2006to 2008, after considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. The growth patterns of height, weight and head circumference of first 5years of children's life were study and compared to growth patterns of normal children of Yazd city to separate of age and sex in 3, 15,50,85,97 percentiles.
Findings: The growth patterns of height, weight and head circumference among girl patients increased parallel to growth patterns of healthy girls of Yazd city. Among boy patients growth patterns of height and weight became similar to normal growth patternsafter36 and 9months respectively,but the growth pattern of head circumference declined after 6months.
Conclusion: By curing the patients during a sufficient period of time, there can be hope that the growth patterns of these children be similar to the normal desirable range again.
Nasrin Fazel; Hamide Yazdi Moghadam; Fateme Elhani; Akbar Pejhan; Mohse Koshan; Mohammad Reza Ghasemi; Fahime Ravadideh
Volume 24, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 97-106
Abstract
Background: Clinical education is the most costly element of nursing programs. One of the importantbasics of nursing education comes into account. The clinical education course is important landmark in nursing education, the first professional capabilities of students to be established. This qualitative ...
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Background: Clinical education is the most costly element of nursing programs. One of the importantbasics of nursing education comes into account. The clinical education course is important landmark in nursing education, the first professional capabilities of students to be established. This qualitative study was conducted in the emergency department . Materials and Methods: This study is qualitative research with content analysis. The process of data collection consists of 20 semi-structured interviews and in-depth with the nurses in the emergency department (six nursing students and two nursing directors of wards, four nursing educators, eight nursing personnel) with notes field. By interview with actual experiences of nurses in clinical response, four open questions were collected. Data were analyzed with the using qualitative content analysis. Results: Data analysis resulted in the extraction of nine classes and three represent the experiences and perceptions of emergency roomnurses from clinical education and include the environment (Communications, safety environmental, environmental equipment), education (patient education, personnel training and training students) and performance of the director of sector (the role of management in the emergency department of education, the role of the matron of education, the role of the service provider's staff, communications, safety environmental, environmental equipment), education (patient education, personnel training and training students) and the performance of the sector (the role of management of the emergency department in education, the role and function of the mananger in education, the role and function of the service provider's staff). Conclusion: Research findings based on the experiences of students, staff and educator showed some effective factors such as the patient's face to face training, to gain positive experience and some negative experiences such as lack of useable techniques that have been taught the students in the learning environment at the university like that quality in clinic, lack of equipment, and workload of personnel. Considering all the ideas, authorities will be able to identify the clinical education problems, plan appropriate training programs, and promote the quality of their clinical training.
Health and environment
Mahboube Eskandari; Nasser Goudarzi; Mansour Arab chamjangali; Seyyed Gholamreza Moussavi
Volume 27, Issue 2 , July and August 2020, , Pages 131-141
Abstract
ABSTRACTBackground: The photocatalytic process has been used for many years in industrialized countries as a solution to the world's environmental pollution. During the oxidative photo-catalytic processes, the pollutants are completely degraded by UV irradiation in the presence of semi-conductor catalysts, ...
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ABSTRACTBackground: The photocatalytic process has been used for many years in industrialized countries as a solution to the world's environmental pollution. During the oxidative photo-catalytic processes, the pollutants are completely degraded by UV irradiation in the presence of semi-conductor catalysts, and are converted to CO2 and H2O. In this work, for the first time, the use of a 9-Watt UVC lamp with synthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles for degradation of atenolol is studied.Material and method: The main objective of this work is to investigate the effect of synthetic zinc oxide photo-catalyst on the rate of destruction of atenolol as an organic pollutant in wastewater using low-intensity UV light. The effects of parameters such as concentration of atenolol, amount of photo-catalyst, pH, stirring rate, atmospheric nitrogen, and presence of various ions are studied in the photocatalytic reaction.Results: An oxidation reaction is performed under the optimal experimental conditions, i.e. 20 mg L-1 of atenolol, 10 mg L-1 of the photo-catalyst, pH 7.0, and a stirring rate of 600 rpm. After 120 minutes of irradiation, atenolol was degraded completely. Kinetic studies under optimized conditions are shown pseudo- first order kinetic.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the acceptable performance of the photocatalytic degradation process of synthetic zinc oxide nanoparticles and 9-watt mercury vapor lamp in the decomposition of atenolol.
Physiology & Pharmacology
Zhaleh Noroozifar; Zahra Hoshmandi; Mahbubeh Setorki
Volume 24, Issue 3 , July and August 2017, , Pages 157-164
Abstract
Background & Objectives: Despite the numerous potential applications of nanoparticles in different sciences due to their unique properties, their adverse effects on human health have not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle on thyroid and thyroid ...
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Background & Objectives: Despite the numerous potential applications of nanoparticles in different sciences due to their unique properties, their adverse effects on human health have not been fully studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle on thyroid and thyroid hormones in male rats. Materials & Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: Control rats received 0.5 ml saline for 7 consecutive days. Group 1 and 2 rats received 0.5 ml of Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle solution at doses of 100 and 200 ppm, respectively. Injections were carried out intraperitoneally. Serum biochemical parameters were evaluated in rats, after 2, 7 and 14 days of beginning the experiment. On the 14th days, thyroid tissue was removed and used for histological assessment. Results: Administration of Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle in concentrations of 100 ppm and 200 ppm significantly decreased TSH levels compared with that of control samples (P<0.05), whereas no significant change in levels of T3 was observed (P>0.05). Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle treatments significantly increased serum levels of T4 (P<0.05). Nanoparticle treatments in view of textural properties showed severe blood, mild inflammation and larger follicle size and, by increasing the concentration of the nanoparticles, these effects were observed more severe. Conclusion: Due to the variations observed in the levels of thyroid hormones and the histological changes of thyroid tissue, it can be concluded that Fe2O4Zn nanoparticle had toxic effects on thyroid function. More studies to investigate the toxic effects of nanoparticles in different doses and different times of exposure to Fe2O4Zn nanoparticles seem to be necessary.
Physical Education
Mehdi Zarei; Rahim Golmohammadi; Elham Iziy; Seyed Mehdi Beheshti Nasr
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 165-172
Abstract
Introduction: There has been no report on the effect of epilepsy on liver enzymes and lipoproteins and its changes following exercisetraining in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male rats were placed in 7 groups. An intact group, three groups ...
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Introduction: There has been no report on the effect of epilepsy on liver enzymes and lipoproteins and its changes following exercisetraining in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 70 male rats were placed in 7 groups. An intact group, three groups of Kindle and three groups of non-Kindle who received PTZ or normal saline injections every 48 hours until the animals were kindled. 24 hours after Kindling, blood samples were collected in intact group and two groups of Kindle and non-Kindle. One Kindle group and one non-Kindle group from the remaining four groups performed aerobic exercise for six weeks, and the other two groups were inactive for six weeks. Blood were collected 24 hours after the 6-week period, and were compared with control groups. Results: After 4 weeks of Kindling period, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, liver enzymes (P <0.001) and antigenic coefficient (P <0.01) increased significantly in the epileptic group. After six weeks of aerobic exercise in Kindle animals; Triglycerides (P <0.001), liver enzymes (P <0.01) and antigenic coefficients significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein significantly increased (P <0.01). Conclusion: The results showed that aerobic exercise in epileptic rats with Pentylenetetrazole improved lipid profile impairement and increased liver enzymes caused by epilepsy.
immunology & Biochemistry
Sajad Rezvan; Hosein Heydari; akram barati; enayatolah nouri; Mohammad hassan Nikkhah
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 171-176
Abstract
Background: Neutropenia is defined as absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,500 cubic millimeters. This differential diagnosis involves a lot of normalization to a life-threatening disorder. Considering the importance of early detection of the cause of neutropenia and its appropriate measures to ...
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Background: Neutropenia is defined as absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,500 cubic millimeters. This differential diagnosis involves a lot of normalization to a life-threatening disorder. Considering the importance of early detection of the cause of neutropenia and its appropriate measures to reduce mortality and impose financial costs, this study was conducted to determine the duration of admission of neutropenic patients based on the cause and antibiotics used. Methods: This cross-sectional study was descriptive-analytic. In this study 111 patients with neutropenia from 1962 to 1395 were surveyed at Masoumeh Hospital in Qom. Information was obtained from a patient's medical record through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.Results: This study showed that patients with malignancy had the highest hospitalization time ( 25-35). And patients with viral diseases had the least hospitalization time (5-4 days). 71.2% of patients consumed antibiotics during the hospitalization period, and 28.8% of patients without antibiotics had spent the duration of admission. The highest frequency of antibiotics was ceftriaxone (25.98%).Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a significant relationship between the duration of hospitalization and the cause and severity of the disease. Therefore, considering factors such as the cause at the start of admission, it can play a key role in advancing a proper management in treating patients with neutropenia.Keywords: Neutropenia, Antibiotic، hospitalization
Mahdi Mirhamidi; mohammad Neamatshahi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 177-183
Abstract
Introduction:Hallux valgus is a common foot condition and marked as an anterior deviation of the big toe (hallux)toward the other toes with outward deviation and forming a further bony structure called a bunion on the inner surface of the foot. In this study ,we aim to study the efficiency and effectiveness ...
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Introduction:Hallux valgus is a common foot condition and marked as an anterior deviation of the big toe (hallux)toward the other toes with outward deviation and forming a further bony structure called a bunion on the inner surface of the foot. In this study ,we aim to study the efficiency and effectiveness of modified method of seri technique,from mis techniques to evaluate correction of valgus deformity in halluxMethods:In this study , all patients who referred to orthopedic clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia in 2013 who had hallux valgus deformity ,the inclusion criteria for the study and had conflict on one or both sides were selected and reconstructive surgery and correction of foot deformities was performed by SERI technique.1.5 months after,and 6 months after surgery ,AP and lateral radiographs of the foot were taken and AOFAS test was done. Result:A total of 12 patients,all female , participated in the study , AOFAS test scores, the angle between the first and second metatarsal (IMA) and the angle of HVA was assessed three times . AOFAS scores has a significant association with the time graph, but did not have a significant association with age. The angle between the first and second metatarsal (IMA) was significantly reduced after 6 months,indicating a significant effect of this method in reducing the angle of the IMA.Also the relationship between HVA decrement and the time was significant, but there was no significantdifference between age and the decrement in HVA.
Educational
arezoo davarinia; fatemeh borzoee; Zohreh Mohammadzadeh Tabrizi; Roya Akbarzadeh; Hamideh Yazdimoghaddam
Volume 29, Issue 2 , July and August 2022, , Pages 195-205
Abstract
Background & Objective: Using novel methods of clinical evaluation is an important policy of educational institutions. Logbooks are among the most effective, novel techniques of clinical activity evaluation. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic logbook to enhance ...
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Background & Objective: Using novel methods of clinical evaluation is an important policy of educational institutions. Logbooks are among the most effective, novel techniques of clinical activity evaluation. The present study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an electronic logbook to enhance the quality of evaluating operating room and anesthesiology field apprentices.Materials and Methods: This was a combined research. In the qualitative stage, field apprenticeship logbooks were developed using the Delphi method in a purpose-based manner. Following that, the web-based electronic version was designed for Android. In the quantitative stage, clinical evaluation was performed on 30 BSc students of operating room and anesthesiology at Sabzevar School of Paramedical Sciences, Iran. At the end of the semester, a satisfaction scale was completed by the students and analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: In total, operating room students of the seventh semester (n=18) and anesthesiology students of the eighth semester (n=12) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 21-22 years. The operating room and anesthesiology students had favorable and excellent satisfaction with all the items of the clinical apprenticeship evaluation using the electronic logbook. Conclusion: According to the results, using an electronic logbook by clinical professors could enhance the performance of students and motivate students to increase their clinical competence in conducting various procedures in the operating room during the apprenticeship period.
Benyamin Alimohammadi; Alireza Moslem; Hassan Azhdari Zarmehri; Homan Kamranian
Volume 23, Issue 2 , March and April 2016, , Pages 204-213
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro ...
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Background and Objectives: Nowadays the use of herbal plants due to their low complications attracts the mind of many scientists. The aim of this study is the assessment of the Naloxone as an antagonist of opioids on seizure duration time induced by PTZ and determine the anticonvulsant mechanism of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss. Materials & Methods: In the present study, 40 male mice were randomly divided into five groups of eight; The control group (receiving PTZ 80 mg/kg, i.p.), Two treatment groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg, i.p.) and two experimental groups (Scrophularia striata 600 and 900 mg/kg i.p plus Naloxone 5 mg/kg, i.p., 5 minutes before extract injection). With injection of PTZ, convulsive behaviors in mice during 20 minutes were recorded by camera and the various stages of seizures were evaluated. Statistical data were analyzed using with the tests of one way Variance and Tukey in SPSS 16. PResults: Statistical analysis showed that Naloxone injection with extract administration have slightly and not significantly decreased the latency time to tonic and clonic seizure in comparison with the control group. Latency time to tonic-colonic has been increased in extract only group and extract associated Naloxone group. With injection of the extract alone total seizure time has decreased but in extract associated Naloxone group this time has increased that this increasing in dose of 600 mg/kg is significant in comparison with control group (P<0.01). Data showed that extract injection lonely and associated with Naloxone have increased the duration time of tonic seizure, duration time of tonic-colonic with extract injection was increased but this time in Naloxone group has been slightly decreased. Conclusion: Our study indicated that Naloxone as an antagonist can inhibit the anticonvulsant activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss.