Mohsen Koushan; MohammadHasan Rakhshani; Mohaddeseh Mohsenpour; Narjes Heshmatifar
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 757-765
Abstract
Background and aims: Many patients with chronic renal failure are fatigue due to disease process and long-term treatment with hemodialysis. Because of very different side effects of medication, using complementary methods seems to be reasonable way to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. This study ...
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Background and aims: Many patients with chronic renal failure are fatigue due to disease process and long-term treatment with hemodialysis. Because of very different side effects of medication, using complementary methods seems to be reasonable way to reduce fatigue in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to effect of Benson relaxation on fatigue in hemodialysis patients.
Materials and methods: The present research is an experimental controlled trial study conducted on 65 hemodialysis patients selected from Vasei Sabzevar Educational hospital in 2013. Patients were selected using convenience sampling method according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and then were divided randomly into two groups( 33 patients) in experimental and (32 patients) in control group. The experimental group received Benson relaxation for 15 minute, twice a day during one month. control group received no intervention. Data-collecting instruments included demographic information form and Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) questionnaire were completed before, 2 and 4 weeks after intervention. Data were analyzed by means of SPSS-11/5 and SAS 9.1 statistical software using descriptive statistics, T test, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney Test and generalized estimation equations.
Results: Mean score of fatigue in the experimental group was 6/97± 0/84, 5/25± 1/07and 3/92 ± 1/11 before intervention, after two weeks and four weeks later, respectively. Analysis of the data revealed a significant difference between the mean score of fatigue of before and after intervention in the experimental group(P
Mehdi Abbasnejad; Mohammad Sofiabadi; Ali Mostovfi; Raziyeh Kooshki; Mohsen Yayapour
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 761-768
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Ducrosiaanethifolia is an aromatic medicinal plant native to Iran, and has been used in traditional medicine for controlling infection, reducing anxiety and pain. Since analgesic effect of this plant has not been studied experimentally, the aim of the present research is investigating ...
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Background and Purpose: Ducrosiaanethifolia is an aromatic medicinal plant native to Iran, and has been used in traditional medicine for controlling infection, reducing anxiety and pain. Since analgesic effect of this plant has not been studied experimentally, the aim of the present research is investigating the analgesic effect of Dc. essential oil.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult Wistar male rats were examined. Rats were divided randomly into 6 groups (n= 8) including: control group, morphine group and Dc. essential oil group (0.06, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 ml/kg, IP). Antinociceptive effects of drugs were assessed using hot plate apparatus. The results were analyzed using SPSS using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey. Differences were considered significant at p< 0.05.
Results: The Dc. essential oil (0.5 ml/kg) significantly decreased sensitivity to painin comparison with control group. Latency to onset of pain significantly increasedby the Dc. essential oil (0.125 ml/kg) 60 and 120 minutes after injection compared with control group. Also, the Dc. essential oil (0.25ml/kg) reduced pain 120 minutes after injection in comparison with control group.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of present study, the Dc. essential oil has analgesic properties and this plant can lead to decreased sensitivity to pain at some doses in the hot plate model of pain.
SeyyedMehdi Razavi; Ahmad Bashteni; Shokrollah Zarghani; Yaser Tabaraee
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 766-772
Abstract
Introduction: Now a days, musculoskeletal disorders are of a great concern in job health issues and their prevalence are relatively high among various occupations. On the other hand, agriculture is one of the most important production sections which have great roles in creating new jobs, and if these ...
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Introduction: Now a days, musculoskeletal disorders are of a great concern in job health issues and their prevalence are relatively high among various occupations. On the other hand, agriculture is one of the most important production sections which have great roles in creating new jobs, and if these sections pay well attention, it can help in renewing economic growth, independency, and self-efficiency in our country. In the agricultural sections the workers do hard physical jobs, so these persons encounter musculoskeletal disorders more than the others.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was a cross-sectional one which performed among 400 farmers in Sabzevar. The data were gathered through Nordic Standard Questionnaire in which a group of trained persons completed it by interviewing. Gathered data were analyzed through statistical tests by the use of SPSS, v.16.
Results: The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal disorders in one or both knees, the waist and one or both feet and finally the ankle during one year was 52%, 46.5 and 27%, respectively. The result showed that during the last year, there was a significant relation between pain in waist and individuals’ weight (p = 0.033), pain in one or both knees and their age (p= 0.0001), pain in one or both knees and the height (0.036) and pain in shoulders and age (p=0.028).
Conclusion: The results showed that there is a significant relation between the musculoskeletal disorders in farmers and their demographic characteristics like weight, age and the height.
،شاثقثا »شسانشقه; ءشسخخئثا ّخمشیرشدیه; آشتشق ُشیثلاه; Azar Asadabadi
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 769-777
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diabetes is a common disease in Iran and around the world which is associated with veriety of costly complications Depression is one of the most important problems diabetics deals with. Nurses can have a significant role in stress management training in order to improve the life ...
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Background and purpose: Diabetes is a common disease in Iran and around the world which is associated with veriety of costly complications Depression is one of the most important problems diabetics deals with. Nurses can have a significant role in stress management training in order to improve the life quality of these patients. This study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of training patients with Type II diabetes in stress management, on depression.
Materials and Methods: In this Clinical trial research 96 patients with type II diabetes were selected from patients who had refered to the Diabetes Center of Kerman in 2013, and were asked to complete the DASS21 questionnaires, considering common consent. Patients, who had depression, were randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control groups and stress management training was done. Data were collected using questionnaires (Beck = DASS), respectively. Test data covariance, repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS software version 18 were used for analysis at Significant level of p< 0.05.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of depression before intervention in control group and test group, were respectively33.37± ( 13.94) and 32.77± (13.58), and after the intervention, obtained magnitudes for mentioned parameters were respectively 31.34± (13.91) and 20.77± (10.42). Comparing to pre-intervention period, standard deviation of depression has decreased and 51.2% of the experimental group's patients were found less depressed after being trained with the stress management tour. significant different between severity of depression before and after implementation of stress management training were resulted.(p-value= 0/0001).
Conclusions: Stress management training has played an effective role in reducing depression.
Somayyeh Zamiri Nejad; Maryam Piltan; Maryam Hagh shenas; Yaser Tabaraee; Arash Akaberi
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 773-781
Abstract
Introduction: People can direct their lives and activities into deeper, richer and more meaningful way using spiritual intelligence. Utilization of spiritual patterns in everyday life leads to an enhanced compatibility and evolution of well-being. The purpose of this study is to determine if spiritual ...
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Introduction: People can direct their lives and activities into deeper, richer and more meaningful way using spiritual intelligence. Utilization of spiritual patterns in everyday life leads to an enhanced compatibility and evolution of well-being. The purpose of this study is to determine if spiritual intelligence can predict happiness.
Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out among students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in the year 1391. 129 individuals were selected via Stratified sampling method. Individuals were assessed by spiritual intelligence questionnaire and Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) whereas statistical data was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, t-student test and linear multiple regression (stepwise), by SPSS 20 software. The p-value was considered 0.05.
Results: Correlation coefficient between spiritual intelligence and happiness was r=0.505 (p-value
Mohsen Barooni; Parisa Mahdizadeh; Bagher Pahlevanzadeh; Noroddin Dopeikar; Sattar Rezaee; AliAkbar Sari
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 778-785
Abstract
Background: The development supplementary insurance and the increasing of insurance coverage results to increase the level of health of society and helps to provide more services. The aim of this study was estimate price elasticity demand for supplementary insurance and effective factors on its use or ...
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Background: The development supplementary insurance and the increasing of insurance coverage results to increase the level of health of society and helps to provide more services. The aim of this study was estimate price elasticity demand for supplementary insurance and effective factors on its use or non-use, among board’s members and staffs of health faculty of Tehran University of medical sciences in 2011.
Methods: This was a descriptive analytic cross-sectional study. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. For data analysis from SPSS 20 version was used. Also, descriptive and inferential statistics such as average test and logistic regression were used.
Result: Price elasticity of demand for supplementary insurance was 0.53. Also, the results showed the cost of health care, education level and health status is a significant correlation with demand for supplementary health insurance.
Conclusion: Increasing quality of services and expanding package of suggested services such as dental services can be results to increase of demand for health insurances even if the premium is risen.
Fatemeh Dareyni; Seyyedeh Azam Amini Mohammadiyeh; Hamidreza Zare Sani; MohammadHoseein Saghi
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 782-790
Abstract
Background: Discharge of colored sewages, resulting from domestic and industrial wastewaters, results in eutrophication, coloring and hypoxia of waters. Furthermore, colors have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the removal rate of acid black 1 dye from aqueous solution ...
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Background: Discharge of colored sewages, resulting from domestic and industrial wastewaters, results in eutrophication, coloring and hypoxia of waters. Furthermore, colors have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. This study aimed to investigate the removal rate of acid black 1 dye from aqueous solution using
nano-iron particles.
Materials and methods: This study was done experimentally and discontinuously in lab scale. The effect of variables such as contact duration (30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min), pH (3, 7 and 11), adsorbent dose (0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6 g/200ml) and dye concentration (50, 150 and 200 mg/l) were evaluated on the removal rate of dye from aqueous solution. The data were analyzed using Excel software.
Results: The results showed that with increase in contact duration, the removal efficiency of dye also increased from 92.85 percent to 99.17 percent. Also, the increase in adsorbent concentration resulted in increase in removal efficiency of dye from 62.11 percent to 99.1 percent. A decrease in pH and dye concentration also increased removal efficiency of dye from 53.71 percent to 99 percent, and from 99.97 to 100 percent, respectively. The results of isothermal study showed that the removal of acid black 1 dye from aqueous solution follows from the Langmuir equation (0.999
Hamid Aghaalinejad; Reza Gharakhanloo; Mostafa Baranchi
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 786-796
Abstract
Background and purpose: Every type of exercises could lead to different immune responses in human body. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of endurance exercises (EE), resistance exercises (RE) and concurrent exercises (CE) on serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations and number ...
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Background and purpose: Every type of exercises could lead to different immune responses in human body. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of endurance exercises (EE), resistance exercises (RE) and concurrent exercises (CE) on serum interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations and number of lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils in active men.
Materials and Methods: Twenty healthy young and active men (Age: 21.69±2.66; BMI: 21.92±1.89; Fat%: 14.49±3.05) voluntarily participated in this study and randomly were assigned into three groups: EE (n=7), RE (n=6) and CE (n=7). Subjects performed special exercise protocol for each group consisted of 45 minute. IL-17 serum concentrations were measured by ELISA method and so numbers of some classes of leukocytes were computed (Pre, immediate and 1 hour post-exercises). Data were analyzed using Repeated-Measures analysis of variance, One-Way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc and Paird T-test at the significance level of α=0.05
Results: Changes in the serum levels of interleukin-17 was significantly different between groups immediately after exercise and 1 h post-exercise. Also, lymphocytes and neutrophils numbers 1 h post-exercise and monocytes and neutrophils numbers, 1 h post-exercise compared to basal levels were significantly different between three exercise groups, respectively (p
Tahereh Tovfighiyan; Saeed Shojaee; Seyyedeh Fatemeh Rahnamaye Rahsepar
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 791-800
Abstract
Background: Implementation of internal assessment provides Opportunity to identify strengths, challenges, and encourages the authorities to resolve problems and provide appropriate raining to improve or upgrade the quality of education, research and management .Therefore, Nursing Department of Sabzevar ...
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Background: Implementation of internal assessment provides Opportunity to identify strengths, challenges, and encourages the authorities to resolve problems and provide appropriate raining to improve or upgrade the quality of education, research and management .Therefore, Nursing Department of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, conducted internal evaluations.
Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive and analytical cross- sectional research. The study population included all members of the internal evaluation committee, faculty, administrator groups, students, graduates, interns, and nursing supervisor at University Medical Sabzevar comprised 87-88 school year. Students and interns were selected by simple random sampling method. evaluation committee members, faculty , administrator group and supervisors were selected through census sampling method. The ten factor that were evaluated included mission and objectives, management and organizational structure, faculty, students, teaching and learning process, training and curriculum, teaching and research facilities, graduates and interns. Data were collected by questionnaire, interview and questionnaire. After the completion and collection of information, all data were analyzed using SPSS version 15 and descriptive and analytical statistics methods. values were interpreted, lower than %50 undesirable, between %50-%74.9 partially desirable and higher than %75 desirable.
Results: The results showed that from the 10 factors examined, Department of Nursing achieved a total score of 80/55 (79/2 percent) . According to the ranking criteria, the internal evaluation is relatively favorable within the Department of Nursing.
Conclusion: Although the result of internal assessment nurse was desirable, But it still appeals more and Necessary changes and Implementation of the strategy for improving the quality of internal evaluation in the Department is required.
Alireza Rahmani; Jamal Mehralipor; Nader Shabanloo; Firoozeh Zaheri; Yosef Poreshgh; Amir Shabanloo
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 797-807
Abstract
Background: Usually, to produce radical sulfate, persulfate anions can be activated by heat, UV light and transition metals such as iron ions. The purpose of this study was investigation of performance of persulfate activated with iron produced by electrical method using iron anode electrode in degradation ...
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Background: Usually, to produce radical sulfate, persulfate anions can be activated by heat, UV light and transition metals such as iron ions. The purpose of this study was investigation of performance of persulfate activated with iron produced by electrical method using iron anode electrode in degradation of Acid Blue 113 from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: In this study, a lab-scale electrochemical batch reactor equipped with four iron electrodes and a DC power supply was used for removing of Acid Blue 113. The effect of operating parameters such as initial pH, voltage, persulfate and initial Acid Blue 113 concentration were evaluated. Also, the amount of pH changes during the process, the synergistic effect of processes in the system and Acid Blue 113 UV-Vis spectrum analysis in optimal conditions was investigated.
Results: The results showed, initial pH of solution, initial concentration persulfate and applied voltage has a significant effect on dye removal. Dye removal efficiency was higher in acidic condition and decreased with increasing pH, So that, after 2 min of reaction at pH 3, voltage 10 V and 150 mg/L of persulfate, 98% of the dye was removed, at pH 5, 7, 9 and 11, after 2 min of reaction and in the same condition the dye removal efficiency was, 66, 0, 0 and 13.5%, respectively. With increasing voltage from 1 to 10 V, increased the dye removal efficiency. S2O82- at the end of 20 min of reaction, removed 17% of dye, at the same condition, electrochemical process with iron electrode had only 31% efficiency, but, the combination of these two processes could remove 99.8% of dye.
Conclusion: The use of S2O82- anions in an electrochemical reactor with iron electrodes can be increase the efficiency of process. Therefore, using this process can be promising process to industrial wastewater treatment.
Mahnaz Seedoshohadee; Norodin Mohammadi; Mojtaba Rad; Hamid Haghani
Volume 20, Issue 5 , March and April 2014, , Pages 801-807
Abstract
Introduction: Delirium as a syndrome which is recognized by consciousness disorder and changing in cognition. Delirium patients after by-pass are a common neurological complication, which is a component of the cognitive disorder. A high percentage of these kinds of patients suffer from after surgery. ...
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Introduction: Delirium as a syndrome which is recognized by consciousness disorder and changing in cognition. Delirium patients after by-pass are a common neurological complication, which is a component of the cognitive disorder. A high percentage of these kinds of patients suffer from after surgery. Evaluation of risk factors (blood transfusions and the use of more than one unit CPB) after surgery can be a valuable step in order to highlight the importance of prevention and early detection of delirium. This study aimed to recognize some risk factors related to delirium in patient who had a by- pass operation.
Methods: This study is a cross - sectional. The number of participants was 370 patients who had a by-pass operation were studied by the continuous sampling method. Researcher referred to the selected clinical centers in Tehran to identify related patients to our study and then informed consents were obtained from all patients. Using the Delirium Screening Scale, we analyzed psychological condition of patients until they were discharged from the critical care unit daily. The personal information questioner was completed on the first day of analyzing the psychological condition. Then the gathered data was analyzed by the SPSS 16 statistical package.
Results: Our findings showed that there was no meaningful statistical relationship between the incidences of delirium with risk factors despite its being common among participants.
Conclusions: According to these factors it is not possible to predict incidence of delirium in patients after a by- pass operation. In other words, there is an equal chance of delirium incidences among all patients’ regardless of having or not having these factors; therefore the analyzed factors of this study cannot be used to predict the delirium incidence.
Ebrahim Golmakani; Reza Ganji; Mohsen Abad; Homa Rezaee moghaddam; Mehdi Bakhshabadi; Mohammad Mehrpoyan; Mohsen Khosoabadi; Ramin Shahraeini
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 808-818
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to assess of dose enhancement effect in tumour in presence of 10B, 157Gd, 10B nanoparticles and 157Gd nanoparticles in radiotherapy through neutron capture by Monte Carlo method.
Materials and Methods: A 252Cf brachytherapy source AT model was simulated by Monte ...
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Background: The aim of this study is to assess of dose enhancement effect in tumour in presence of 10B, 157Gd, 10B nanoparticles and 157Gd nanoparticles in radiotherapy through neutron capture by Monte Carlo method.
Materials and Methods: A 252Cf brachytherapy source AT model was simulated by Monte Carlo method code MCNPX and its TG-43 parameters were calculated and compared with previous corresponding data. This 252Cf brachytherapy source was used as a neutron source in neutron capture therapy. Dose enhancement factor was compared in tumour in presence of 10B, 157Gd, 10B nanoparticles and 157Gd nanoparticles for the concentrations of 100, 200 and 500 ppm of each capture agents in neutron capture. For this aim, around the 252Cf source, a spherical soft tissue phantom and a tumour containing each capture agents were considered.
Results: Calculated air kerma strength and dose rate constant for 252Cf source equals to 0.306 cGycm2/hµg and 5.782 cGy/Uh respectively. Among examined agents, maximum DEF belonged to 10B and 10B nanoparticles in concentration of 500 ppm. These values were reported as 1.06 and 1.08 respectively.
Conclusion: IN this study, air kerma strength and dose rate constant indicate difference of %7.27 and %1.10 with other corresponding values. In dose enhancement point of view, capture agents containing 10B are more useful in neutron capture therapy. In the same concentrations, dose enhancement factor for capture agents in nanoparticles form is higher than the presence of capture agents in atomic form. So, it is preferable to use of nanoparticle capture agent rather than atomic form. However, it should be noted that before clinical usage of this agents, other medical, chemical and physical criteria should be considered, for their comparison, in selection of capture agents in neutron capture therapy.
Hossein Shirvani; Fatemeh Rostamkhani; Homeyra Zardooz
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 819-828
Abstract
Background and objective: Stress specially the chronic psychological one is an important issue of our modern society. In this regard, this study has been investigated the effects of chronic psychological stress on metabolic, hormonal and behavioral parameters.
Materials and methods: The present study ...
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Background and objective: Stress specially the chronic psychological one is an important issue of our modern society. In this regard, this study has been investigated the effects of chronic psychological stress on metabolic, hormonal and behavioral parameters.
Materials and methods: The present study is an experimental intervention.The animals were divided into control and stressed groups and then subdivided into 15 and 30 days (n=7). Stress was induced by the communication box.This device consisted of 9 chambers. The animals received electrical shock in five chambers and the animals in four chambers exposed to various emotional. Chronic stress for 15 and 30 days (h / day1) was applied. Blood sampling was done by using retro orbital puncture method. The plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and corticosterone were measured. In addition, feed and water intake, latency to eat and drink, adrenal and body weights were determined. For statistical analysis a mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures within the stressed and control groups and independent measures between the two groups was performed by SPSS Version 16.0 program package. The level of significance was considered less than 0.05.
Results: Chronic psychological stress did not significantly change plasma corticosterone (P=0.41), insulin (P=0.45), glucose (P=0.47), triglyceride (P=0.07) and cholesterol (P=0.26) levels. 30 days chronic stress significantly increased feed intake compared to control ones (P=0.01). Whereas water intake (P=0.07), latency to eat (P=0.70) and drink (P=0.08) did not change significantly in the stressed group. 30 days exposure to the stress in both control and stressed groups increased body (P=0.002 and P=0.004 respectively) and adrenal (P=0.01 and P=0.04 respectively) weights markedly compared to day 15.
Conclusion: short and mid-term psychological stress did not change hormonal and metabolic parameters significantly, whereas feed intake was significantly increased. However, no significant difference was observed in body weight of stressed animals compared to controls.
Tayebe Rahimi Pordanjani; Najme Moshfeghi; Arezo Zarebi
Abstract
Objectives Based on the reported studies, approximately 80% of marital disputes result from sexual dissatisfaction. It is helpful to identify factors predicting sexual satisfaction, especially in females, to prevent such problems. The current study aimed at examining simple and multiple factorial relationships ...
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Objectives Based on the reported studies, approximately 80% of marital disputes result from sexual dissatisfaction. It is helpful to identify factors predicting sexual satisfaction, especially in females, to prevent such problems. The current study aimed at examining simple and multiple factorial relationships between big 5 personality traits and sexual satisfaction in a population of married females in Mashhad, Iran. Methods Statistical population in the current study included all married females who lived in Mashhad. A total of 115 females were selected by the available sampling method. To collect data, the sexual satisfaction scale for women (SSS-W) and big 5 personality questionnaire (NEO) were employed. The data were analyzed by multiple regressions and validated by confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS-21 software and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS version 19.Results Findings of the current study indicated a significant relationship between the big 5 personality traits, including neuroticism (R=-0.407), extraversion (R=0.310), openness (R=0.232), agreeableness (R=0.258) and conscientiousness (R=0.389), and sexual satisfaction in females (P<0.0001). Stepwise multiple regression analyses that among the 5 independent variables, only 2 variables of neuroticism and conscientiousness could be used in the regression equation (R2=0.203, P<0.0001). Conclusion Findings of the current study indicated that females’ sexual satisfaction can be predicted through their personality traits. Also, personality variables, especially neuroticism and conscientiousness, were recommended to examine the sexual incompatibility.
Psychology
Saeideh Eslah-kar; Shahram Vaziri; Farah Lotfi kashani
Volume 28, Issue 6 , January and February 2022, , Pages 826-837
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the level of psychological factors which effectively contribute to the facilitation of the bereaving process of mothers who had lost their children to cancer.Methods: The current research was a purposive descriptive study with the statistical universe of mothers ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the level of psychological factors which effectively contribute to the facilitation of the bereaving process of mothers who had lost their children to cancer.Methods: The current research was a purposive descriptive study with the statistical universe of mothers whose children had lost their lives in the battle with cancer. Out of this statistical universe, 54 people were chosen using snowball sampling.Results: The results of the study reveal that self-efficiency, unemotional coping, meaning-centered coping approach, Get counseling and psychological services, Spouse support, Social support and family support, quality of interpersonal relationships, personal characteristics (hardiness), Being involved with a child's memory, Anger at God / the world / nature, Lack of confidence in the continuation of life after death, Release by the health system, Feeling lonely, avoid, Isolation, emotional coping, speed of losing a child, Seeing children of their child's age, marital conflicts, Lack of confidence in the quality of healthcare, feel guilty, A record of dying patient care, Distortion were variables which contributed to the facilitation of the bereavement of parents whose children had died of cancer.Conclusion: In light of the results of this study, the utilization of the following variables of self-efficiency, unemotional coping, meaning-centered coping approach, quality of interpersonal relationships, personal characteristics (hardiness), emotional coping and physical symptoms to facilitate the bereaving process of those mothers who lost their children due to cancer can be suggested
Samira Rahimnejad; Abdorrahman Bahrami; Mohammadjavad Asari; Alireza Soltaniyeh; Razagh Rahimpoor; Seyyed Amirreza Negahban; Farshid Ghorbani shahna
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 829-841
Abstract
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds can cause variety of adverse health effects, containing a large range from non-cancer effects up to cancer. The purpose of this study was quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds ...
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Abstract
Background and Purpose: Personal exposure to volatile organic compounds can cause variety of adverse health effects, containing a large range from non-cancer effects up to cancer. The purpose of this study was quantitative risk assessment of occupational exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in the oil-dependent chemical industry.
Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional study NIOSH 1501& 2549 methods were applied for sampling and analyzing the amount of hydrocarbons in the oil-dependents of chemical and after detecting hydrocarbons, the quantitative risk assessment was calculated by United States Environmental Protection Agency method. Also the Hazard Quotient parameter for non-cancer VOCs and Life time Cancer Risk for cancer VOCs were calculated. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS16 software.
Results: The Life time Cancer Risk (LCR) of benzene for 13complexes were Definite and for 8 complexes, in all complexes that have been studied, the LCR of benzene were more than threshold limit recommended by WHO. The Lifetime Cancer risk of trichloroethylene in one complex and ethyl benzene in two complexes were Definite. The Hazard Quotient of xylene, chlorobenzene, methyl ethyl ketone and N-hexane in several complexes were more than values recommended by WHO. There are significant relationships between carcinogenic hydrocarbons risk and parameters like age and work history, with the correlation coefficient of 0.336 and 0.409 respectively (P< 0.001).
Conclusion: This method ofrisk assessment is comprehensive and achieved results can be used for correcting and controlling prioritization of resources in case of reducing the level of risk.
Shahin Ramazi; Majid Motovalli Bashi; Abolfazl Rad; Hamidreza Khezraee; Morteza Hashemzadeh Chaleshtari
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 842-848
Abstract
Background: Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways, this inflammatory response in the nasal mucosa includes an immediate IgE-mediated response. IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family, is known for influencing the balance of IgE level. In present study this problem is investigated ...
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Background: Allergic rhinitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper airways, this inflammatory response in the nasal mucosa includes an immediate IgE-mediated response. IL-18, a member of the IL-1 family, is known for influencing the balance of IgE level. In present study this problem is investigated that whether immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels in serum are associated with -607A/C SNPs of IL18 promoter.
Materials and Methods: Genotyping for -607A/C SNPs of IL18 promoter was performed using 133 patients with AR and 62 healthy control volunteers from Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province then serum levels of total IgE were determined by ELISA method. Statistical analysis were carried out using T test and ANOVA test by SPSS version 19.
Results: level of total IgE in Serum were significantly greater in allergic rhinitis patients than controls (P=0.017). In addition, the total serum IgE level of the individuals with heterozygous genotype of IL18 (-607AC) were significantly higher regarding other investigated polymorphisms (P=0.045).
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that the IL18 gene polymorphism -607A/C is associated with IgE levels and susceptibility of allergic rhinitis.
Seyyedeh Solmaz Mousavi; MohammadHasan Rakhshani; Fariba Borhani; Abbas Abbaszadeh; Mahadeseh Mohsenpour
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 849-855
Abstract
Background: Personality compatibility of individuals with profession that provides services to others is one of important issues that have received less attention while there is a great impact on the quality of services provided and to professional success. This study aimed to assessment of personality ...
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Background: Personality compatibility of individuals with profession that provides services to others is one of important issues that have received less attention while there is a great impact on the quality of services provided and to professional success. This study aimed to assessment of personality compatibility of nurses with nursing profession in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2013.
Materials and Methods: 62 nurses were worked in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences in 2013 were selected by simple random sampling participated in this cross-sectional study. This survey Instrument was standardized questionnaire of Holland personality-job compatibility that by means of it compatibility of nurses’ personality with the nursing profession is determined at three levels: non-compatible, relatively compatible and absolutely compatible. Data was analyzed by SPSS.
Results: 46% of nurses participating in this study had non-compatible personality and 33/4% of them had relatively compatible personality and only 20/6% had absolutely compatible personality whit nursing profession. Compatibility of personality whit nursing profession according to demographic characteristics had no meaningful differences.
Conclusion: this study showed large percentage of nurses working in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences had non-compatible personality whit nursing profession, and this results shows attention to this important issue by health managers and correction of selection of more compatible nursing student are necessary.
Zahra Gorji; Majid Mohammadshahi; Mehdi Zareie; Fatemeh Heidari
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 856-869
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. According to the useful properties of sesame and extensive use of its products (like sesame butter) in Khuzestan province, the purpose of this ...
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Background and purpose: Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders, resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. According to the useful properties of sesame and extensive use of its products (like sesame butter) in Khuzestan province, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sesame butter vs. sesame oil on serum glucose levels and lipid profiles on diabetic rats.
Methods: Forty male rats of Wistar Strain were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats per group) and were being treated for 6 weeks as follows: Group 1: non diabetic control rats; Group 2: diabetic control rats; Group 3: diabetic rats that were being treated with 1.25 g/kg sesame butter; and Group 4: diabetic rats that were being treated with 0.5 g/kg sesame oil. At the end of the experimental period, serum levels of glucose and lipid profiles were measured. The statistical analysis was carried out, using SPSS 18 software. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Independent sample test were used to compare means between the treated and controlled groups. P< 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: Utilization of sesame butter and sesame oil in diabetic rats's regime caused a significant decrease in glucose concentrations and also led to increase in high density lipoprotein-c levels compared to the diabetic control rats (P
Seyyed Javad Hosseini; Nasrin Mircholi; Vida Kolahdooz
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 864-875
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study has been done with the aim of assessing the life quality (at subjective and objective levels), and social health and their relationship with each other in students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the ...
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Background and Purpose: This study has been done with the aim of assessing the life quality (at subjective and objective levels), and social health and their relationship with each other in students of Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar, Iran.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the study included 4704 people which study in 15 majors from associate degrees to doctoral education. With the use of Morgan table, the sample size was calculated to be 380. By using a disproportionate stratified random sampling, statistical samples were selected from the statistical population, and the data were collected by two questionnaires of quality of life which are summary of two standard questionnaires for quality of life, the World Health Organization and Keynesian social health questionnaire; findings were analyzed with in SPSS with descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient, Spearman, Mann Whitney U, and Kruskal Wallis.
Results: Although quality of life, in comparison to social health, has a better utility, students’ quality of life is not in a good condition. Their social health is assessed by dimensions of prosperity, participation and compliance (a little higher than average); reception and integration (lower than average and weak). Overall, there is no relationship between social health and quality of life in one hand, as well as grade, major, income, gender and academic achievement of students on the other hand.
Conclusion: One of the major causes of social health and quality of life is trust. Therefore, in order to increase social health among students, it is necessary to increase their trust of other members of society and social institutions by providing clear information through responsible institutions, preference of criteria to relations and the attention of authorities to their wishes and needs.
Mohammad Mohammadzadeh vardin; Mahin Nikogoftar Zarif; Ahmad Ghare baghian; Naser Amiri zadeh; Mehryar Habibi Roodkenar; Mohsen Saghgha; Shahram Vaeli
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 876-884
Abstract
Background: Different processing methods are being used to improve the quality of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Using hydroxyethyl starch, simple centrifugation and Sepax automation, this study was aimed to compare these three conventional methods.
Material and Methods: 90 cord blood samples ...
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Background: Different processing methods are being used to improve the quality of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Using hydroxyethyl starch, simple centrifugation and Sepax automation, this study was aimed to compare these three conventional methods.
Material and Methods: 90 cord blood samples were taken and processed by hydroxyethyl starch, simple centrifugation and Sepax automation methods. Then they were subjected to total nucleated cell (TNC) counting and CD34 positive counting as well as colony assay. Finally, all data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and ps less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The TNC recoveries in hydroxyethyl starch, simple centrifugation and Sepax automation methods were 76%, 71% and 80%, respectively (p> 0.05). The CD34+ cell recoveries in the Sepax automation and in the other two methods were 91% and 85%, respectively (p> 0.05). Also, the colony assay recoveries were not significantly different among the three methods (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: No significant difference was seen in TNC number, CD34 positive counting and colony formation among the three different methods.
Fatemeh Tabtabee; Fatemeh Maleki; Zahra Abareh Dory Tafreshi; Narges Shahmohammadi; Majid Pirestani
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 885-893
Abstract
Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods. ...
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Background and purpose:Microsporidia infections occurvirtually in all in vertebrate and vertebrate hosts,in cluding humans. The this study is aimed atcomparison of distribution of microsporidiosis in various samples of Iranian immunocompromised patients and healthy individuals by molecular methods.
Materials and Methods: Inthiscase - control study, 258stool, blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and urine sampleswere obtained fromimmunocompromisedpatients (bone marrowtransplant, kidney transplant and respiratory complications) referred to Masih Daneshvari and Shariati Hospitalduring 2010-2011.
After recording clinical data, DNA extraction was performed on all samples. To identifyhuman related microsporidiosis (Encephalitozoon spp. And Enterocytozoon spp.), polymerase chain reactionwas performedusingspecific primers andmultiplex-PCR on allsamples.
Results: Overall, the prevalence of microsporidiosis in immunocompromised patients were 4.3 and 3.9 percent in cases and control group, respectively.Incidence of microsporidiosis in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation (5 isolates from 70 samples) was 7.1%, in patients with respiratory complications (4 isolates from 150 samples) 2.7 percent and patients undergoing renal transplantation (2 isolates from 38 samples) 5.3 percent. In the case group, most cases of infection occurred among men at the age of40-60 years. In bronchoalveolar lavage samples 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (2%) and one isolate of Entrocytozoon (0.7%), were identified, respectively. In cancer patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation 4 isolates of Encephalitozoon (5.7%), 1 isolate of Enterocytozoon (1.4%) and in patients with renal transplants 2 isolates of Enterocytozoon (5.3%)were detected. 4 isolates of Enterocytozoon (2.2%) and 3 isolates of Encephalitozoon (1.7%) were identified in the control group that most infections occurred among menat the age of30-45years.
Conclusion:The most cases of human microsporidiosis are associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection or other states of immunosuppression, particularly in organ transplant recipients; The obtained results confirm this claim.
Masoud Taheri lari; MohammadReza Ghamari; Seyyed Saeed Tabatabaee; Mehdi Nekuie
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 894-902
Abstract
Background: The hospitals and medical centers’ staff are always exposed to stressful working conditions that threat their physical, psychological and social health but also reduced organizational efficiency and lead to exorbitant costs for individuals, organizations and the entire society. The spiritual ...
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Background: The hospitals and medical centers’ staff are always exposed to stressful working conditions that threat their physical, psychological and social health but also reduced organizational efficiency and lead to exorbitant costs for individuals, organizations and the entire society. The spiritual intelligence play an important role in enhancing capacity and various pressures, so the purpose of the present study was to determine the relationship between the spiritual intelligence and burnout in staff of Imam Reza hospital of Mashhad .
Methods and materials: This cross-sectional study conducted in 2013 on 246 employees of Imam Reza hospital in Mashhad who were enrolled in a simple random sampling design. Were applied to gather the related data, The King Standardized spiritual intelligence questionnaire as well as Maslash Standardized occupational burnout questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed through Spss16, t - test, Anova and Pearson correlation coefficient. The error rate of %5 was considered acceptable.
Results: Spiritual intelligence in staff was at moderate to high and job burnout was moderate. There was found a significant negative Correlation between the spiritual intelligence and occupational burnout in the staff of Imam Reza hospital (r = -0.239 & p-value = 0.001)
Conclusion: Systems’ managers can identify and improve the components of spiritual intelligence of their staff through various approaches such as improving the training systems as well as providing the contexts in which the spiritual intelligence of their staff can be developed.
Rahim Golmohammadi; Akbar Pejhan; Arash Akaberi; Ladan Najjar; Hamideh Yazdimoghaddam
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 903-912
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods ...
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Background and Purpose: Evaluation of puberty stages is important to assess adolescent health. This study has been done with the aim of determination of the average age of onset of puberty and its relationship with Body Mass Index (BMI) in male students of Sabzevar city in the North East of Iran in 1390.
Methods and Materials: This cross - sectional study was conducted on 252 male students of secondary schools and high schools of Sabzevar, Iran, with the age of 11-18 years who were selected by probability and multistage sampling. Data were collected through a Tanner standardized questionnaire; afterwards, measuring of height and weight and BMI calculation were performed. Data were analyzed in SPSS 15 using chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA and Bonfronie post hoc test, analysis of covariance, Spearman correlation coefficient and Kappa agreement coefficient; significance level was considered as 0.05.
Results: To conduct this study, we selected a group of researchers who were trained for the initiation of project for assessing puberty in male schools in order to increase the accuracy of determining the Tanner stages. Students were examined for their height and weight, size of penis and testicles, and the manner of pubic and axillary hair growth as well as also voice changes. Mean final growth stage of testicles and scrotum (G5 stage), pubic hair (P5 stage), were measured to be 16.40 ± 1.65 and 16.79 ± 1.19 years respectively, and their mean BMI at P2 and G2 were 20.96±4.1 and 19.49±3.66 kg /m2 respectively.
Conclusion: Regarding to the declining age of puberty and its relationship with BMI, health systems should focus on training programs and encouraging teenagers to begin changing their lifestyle. Age of puberty onset in male students is similar to many other countries but determining the precise status of puberty in Iranian children requires further studies in different provinces, rural and urban areas as well as longitudinal studies.
Mohammad Hozoori; SeyedRafee Arefhosseini; Seyyed Jalal Ghaemmaghami; Ramina Mirsasan; Majid Mohammadshahi
Volume 21, Issue 5 , September and October 2014, , Pages 913-924
Abstract
Background and purpose: Athletes try toimprove their performance by using different techniques. Using supplements is one of these methods. Creatine supplement is one of the most popular body building supplements and its usage has been increased dramatically in recent years. Unfortunately our knowledge ...
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Background and purpose: Athletes try toimprove their performance by using different techniques. Using supplements is one of these methods. Creatine supplement is one of the most popular body building supplements and its usage has been increased dramatically in recent years. Unfortunately our knowledge of the effects of this supplement on body isn't enough. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the effects of short-term use of Creatine supplement on urinary excretion of Creatine and Creatinine and anaerobic performance among bodybuilding athletes.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen male bodybuilders (23.8±3.4years old) were assigned in a double-blind clinical trial and were randomly divided into two groups, a Creatine treatment group or aplacebo group. Creatine and Creatinine concentrations inurine were determined for both groups before and after intervention and anaerobic performance was evaluated by the Wingateanaerobic test method.
Results: The results revealed an increase in of urinary Creatine and Creatinine concentration sin the Creatine recipient group. Also three measured indices of the Wingate test, including peak power, average power and fatigue index increased in the Creatine recipient group.
Conclusion: According to the increase in anaerobic performance indices among subjects, Creatine supplement can improve body builders performances. According to obtained increase in urinary Creatine and Creatinine concentrations, evaluation of probable side effects of long termuse of this supplement, especially on renal function is necessary.