Mohammad Javan; Seyyed Javad Mirnajafizadeh; Mehdi Godarznavd; Taghi Tarihi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 62-71
Abstract
Background and purpose: Antioxidants and vitamin D3 are currently used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases although their mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined administration of vitamins D3 and E on demyelination ...
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Background and purpose: Antioxidants and vitamin D3 are currently used for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases although their mechanism of action is not well understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of combined administration of vitamins D3 and E on demyelination cell death and remyelination of rat hippocampus following the local ethidium bromide (EB) injection. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 32 Spague rats. After EB-induced demyelination animals received intraperitoneal vitamin E (100 mg/kg) and D3 (5µg/kg) together for 7 days. The extent and intensity of demyelination were studied by luxol fats blue staining the activated caspase-3 genes and MBP. The study data were analyzed in SPSS using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post test. Results: The findings revealed that the combined administration of vitamins E and D3 for 7 days caused a significant reduction in the expression of activated caspase-3 (10±0) (p
Mehrdad Shariati; Mokhtar Mokhtari; Somayyeh Negahban
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 72-78
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Lamotrigine is a novel potential antiepileptic drug which is not structurally dependent on the current antiepileptic drugs; it has fewer side effects too. The present study intends to assess the effects of Lamotrigine on the antinociceptive activity induced by morphine by using ...
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Background and Purpose: Lamotrigine is a novel potential antiepileptic drug which is not structurally dependent on the current antiepileptic drugs; it has fewer side effects too. The present study intends to assess the effects of Lamotrigine on the antinociceptive activity induced by morphine by using the formalin test as a test of nociception. Methods and Materials: This experimental study was conducted on 56 adult male rats. The animals were divided into seven groups of eight rats considered as one control one sham and five experimental groups (one group receiving 2mg/Rat of morphine alone three groups receiving 2mg/Rat morphine accompanied by Lamotrigine in doses of 25 50 and 75 mg/Rat and the fifth group receiving only 75 mg/Rat of Lamotrigine alone). The drugs were intraperitoneally injected 15 minutes before the formalin test. The sham group received the same volume of physiologic serum and the control group received formalin alone. The study data were analyzed in SPSS using Tukey and Kruskal Wallis test; level of significance was considered to be 0.05. Results: Mean pain score following the injection of maximum dose of lamotrigine together with morphine was 0.08±0.001 which indicated more local analgesic effects at the acute phase in comparison with the injection of morphine alone (0.11±0.0005) (p
Azadeh Alipoor Tabrizi; Seyyed Alireza Sadatjoo; Azadeh Ebrahimzadeh; Bahaeddin Ahrari Khafi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 79-86
Abstract
Background and Purpose: There have been variations on the response rate of microorganisms causing pyelonephritis to antibiotics in different studies. The present study was conducted to compare the drug resistance against Ceftriaxone and Cefazolin in adult acute pyelonephritis. Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: There have been variations on the response rate of microorganisms causing pyelonephritis to antibiotics in different studies. The present study was conducted to compare the drug resistance against Ceftriaxone and Cefazolin in adult acute pyelonephritis. Methods and Materials: In this phase-3 single blind clinical trial 86 patients suffering from pyelonephritis were selected through successive sampling and were randomly assigned into one of the two groups after they signed an informed consent: Ceftriaxone 1g every 12 hours and IV Cefazolin 1g every 8 hours. Seventy two hours after the onset of treatment patients were examined for their clinical and laboratory resistance. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square test independent sample t-test and Kappa coefficient. Results: Mean fever alleviation time were 2.63±0.95 and 2.77±0.81 days in the ceftriaxone and cefazolin groups respectively (p=0.2). Urinary culture 72 hours after treatment was positive in 7% of patients in both groups. In the ceftriaxone group 51.2% of the patients were sensitive clinically and in the laboratory results. In total 9.3% were sensitive in laboratory and clinically resistant; and 39.5% were sensitive in laboratory despite being clinically resistant. With the cefazolin group 51.2% were both clinically and laboratory sensitive; and 7% were clinically and laboratory resistant; also 11.6% were sensitive in laboratory but clinically resistant; but 30.2% were clinically sensitive despite being resistant in the laboratory results. Conclusion: In the treatment of non-complicated upper urinary infections the therapeutic effect of cefazolin is not different from that of ceftriaxone which is broad spectrum and more expensive.
Mohammadesmail Darabi; Kamran Yazarloo; Seyyed Mohammad Mireskanadari; Mostafa Sadeghi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 87-93
Abstract
Background and Purpose: As postoperative pain is inappropriately controlled in children and because narcotics are not used in children because of respiratory complications an appropriate analgesic with fewer side effects is essential. The aim of this study has been to investigate the effect of rectal ...
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Background and Purpose: As postoperative pain is inappropriately controlled in children and because narcotics are not used in children because of respiratory complications an appropriate analgesic with fewer side effects is essential. The aim of this study has been to investigate the effect of rectal diclofenac and acetaminophen or their combination on postoperative pain in children undergoing cleft palate repair. Methods and Materials: This double blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 87 children undergoing cleft palate repair surgery. After obtaining informed consent they were randomly assigned into one of the three groups: rectal diclofenac (Group D) and acetaminophen (Group A) or their combination (Group A+D). Postoperative pain was measured and recorded 1 2 6 12 24 36 and 48 hours after surgery using CHOPES scale. For data analysis Smearnoff-Kolmogroff chi-square Fischer's exact test ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used in SPSS. Results: According to the findings patients in Group D showed lower pain score (6.38±0.89) as compared with Group A (6.83±1.32) and Group A+D (6.5±1.12); also Group D had less opioid requirements (3 cases in Group D 26 in Group A and 24 cases in Group A+D). Patients in Group D were significantly different from those in the other two groups as for the time of first required dose of opioid in the postoperative period; mean for Group D was 2:55 hours after surgery (SD=2:44) group A 00:88 hours (SD=00:48) and Group A+D 00:85 hours (SD=1:12). Conclusion: The present research suggests that rectal diclofenac (as compared with acetaminophen or a combination of both) is a more effective medication for postoperative pain alleviation in children undergoing cleft palate repair surgery.
Saeed Hashemi Aslani; Mohammadhossein Ghaffari; Mojtaba Marashi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 94-99
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Since narcotics and benzodiazepine cannot be applied for cesarean anesthesia due to the effect of respiratory depression on the infant parturients generally experience hemodynamic changes in general anesthesia. Remifentanil is a very short-effected narcotic which can be metabolyzad ...
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Background and Purpose: Since narcotics and benzodiazepine cannot be applied for cesarean anesthesia due to the effect of respiratory depression on the infant parturients generally experience hemodynamic changes in general anesthesia. Remifentanil is a very short-effected narcotic which can be metabolyzad in the infant's body and is expected not to cause respiratory depression. Therefore the present study intends to examine the effect of remifentanil on parturients' hemodynamic changes. Methods and Materials: This clinical trial was conducted on 72 full term parturients with ASA physical status I and II who were randomly assigned into two groups. Before the induction of anesthesia the first group received 0.75 µ/gkg remifentanil followed by its infusion of 0.10 µg/kg. The second group received bolus and infusion of normal saline. Heart rate systolic diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were measured before the induction of anesthesia before laryngoscopy as well as 1 3 5 15 and 30 minutes after intubation. For dat analysis independent sample t-test Mann Whitney U Chi-square and paired sample t-test were used in SPSS. Results: No significant differences were found between the two groups as for heart rate systolic diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure in baseline measurement (p>0.05). After remifentanil administration mean heart rate before laryngoscopy as well as 1 3 5 15 and 30 minutes after laryngoscopy were significantly lower than the placebo group. However systolic diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure were lower in the first group only on occasional minutes. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the mentioned dosage of remifentanil does not have sufficient clinical effects on controlling parturients' hemodynamic responses during general anesthesia for cesarean section.
Akram Kooshki; Forogh Mortazavi; Arash Akaberi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 100-107
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Gestational hypertension is one of the factors leading to maternal hospitalization during pregnancy. Studies have so far focused on the role of gestational diet in the occurrence of preeclampsia. The present study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between gestational diet ...
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Background and Purpose: Gestational hypertension is one of the factors leading to maternal hospitalization during pregnancy. Studies have so far focused on the role of gestational diet in the occurrence of preeclampsia. The present study is conducted to evaluate the relationship between gestational diet and gestational hypertension. Methods and Materials: In a case-control study 100 pregnant women suffering from gestational hypertension disorders and 100 women with no history of hypertension during pregnancy and before that but being hospitalized in the same hospital after labor were compared. The sample size was calculated on the basis of the study objectives as well as =α0.05 and β=0.80. Data were collected through interview food frequency questionnaire and a 24-hour diet recall form. In order to analyze the data the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the Food Processor software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and logistic regression model. Results: The participants’ mean age was 26.7±6 years. Calcium (p= 0.004) magnesium (p=0.037) phosphorus (p= 0.001) and potassium intakes (p= 0.007) were higher in cases than the controls. Having controlled all variables affecting hypertensive disorders the logistic regression revealed that fiber and calcium were significantly dominant in the development of gestational hypertension. Discussion: The results of the study showed that calcium and fiber played a more direct role in the development of gestational hypertension.
Shaghayegh Rahmani; Sadegheh Ayati; Gholam Ali Maemoori; Reza Saeedi; Mahboobeh Gholami Robatsangi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 108-113
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Because of the uncontrolled prevalence of cesarean in Iran and its complications for mother and infant with further social and ethical consequences this study was conducted to compare the neonatal complications in newborns by cesarean and vaginal delivery. Methods and Materials: ...
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Background and Purpose: Because of the uncontrolled prevalence of cesarean in Iran and its complications for mother and infant with further social and ethical consequences this study was conducted to compare the neonatal complications in newborns by cesarean and vaginal delivery. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional analytical deh1ive study was conducted on infants born at the maternity ward of Imamreza Hospital and Ghaem Hospital in Mashad Iran. The sample size with the confidence interval of 95% and test power of 80% was estimated to be 770 neonates. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using Student t-test Mann Whitney U and chi-square test. Results: Vaginal delivery was attempted by 344 women and 426 women underwent elective cesarean delivery. The two delivery procedures were significantly different (p=0.002) as for the occurrence of RDS which occurred in 31 cesarean cases (7.3%) and 12 vaginal cases (3.7%). Also in 14 cesarean cases (3.4%) and 24 vaginal cases (7%) asphyxia occurred. Transient tachypnea was observed to occur in 14 cesarean cases (3.3%) and 2 vaginal cases (0.6%) and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Hospitalization in NICU was prescribed for 28 cesarean cases (6.6%) and 33 vaginal cases (10.2%) and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Six cesarean cases (1.4%) and 48 vaginal cases (14%) experiences labor disorders and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p
Ali Shakerinejad; Mohammad Ali Yaghoubifar; Arash Akaberi
Volume 16, Issue 2 , July and August 2009, Pages 114-120
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Sausage and salami undergo changes after production and packaging which can endanger the health of people. Therefore controlling these products is important because of their variety and ease of access. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and safety of sausage and ...
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Background and Purpose: Sausage and salami undergo changes after production and packaging which can endanger the health of people. Therefore controlling these products is important because of their variety and ease of access. The aim of this study is to investigate the quality and safety of sausage and salami. Methods and Materials: This cross sectional deh1ive study involved the two products of sausage and salami as marketed in Sabzevar Iran in 2007. A total of 64 samples of the two products were provided from the market. After assessing items such as production permit and badge of standard their quality and organoleptic indexes such as color odor nitrite and fat were measured. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and Fischer’s exact test in order to compare the quality of safety of the two products with standardized amounts. Results: All products had production permit and badge of standard and all had production and expiry date except 13% of them. All lacked salmonella and were kept in polymer packs and low temperatures. Their salt (except for one case) and organolpetic status including state color odor and taste were evaluated to be satisfactory. As for the quality laboratory tests showed the amount of fat to be 25% higher than the standard carbohydrate 50% ash 21.9% moisture 29.7% and nitrite 29.7% higher. Also protein was shown to be 15.6% lower than the standard. Conclusion: Despite the satisfactory level of safety quality results of some of the products were different from the acceptable amounts.