Asghar Kianzadeh; Hasan Abdi; Seyyed Mostafa Tayyebi Sani; Hasan Gharayagh Zandi
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 171-180
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Resistance training (RT) is known as weight or strength training. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscles adapt. The purpose of the present study was to determine of effect of short-term resistance training on left ventricular structure of non-athletic ...
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Background and Purpose: Resistance training (RT) is known as weight or strength training. In response to this kind of training, both skeletal and cardiac muscles adapt. The purpose of the present study was to determine of effect of short-term resistance training on left ventricular structure of non-athletic male healthy students by echocardiography. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study involved thirty volunteer participants with an age range of 19 to 25 years Mean±SD:21.8±1.62. They were randomly divided into two groups of 15 (resistance training and control). Training program was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks followed by 10 stations with 50% to 80% with one repetition maximum (1RM). M and B-mode echocardiographic variables were measured at rest. The data were analyzed using dependant t-test and independent t-test. Results: Training caused a significant increase in the mean absolute and relative values of left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions (LVEDd), end-diastolic interventricular Septum thickness (EDIVT) (P=0.000), and left ventricular posterior wall thickness end-diastolic (LVPWd) in the training group (P=0.044, P=0.000). Absolute and relative values of left ventricular end-systolic dimensions (LVESd) decreased significantly after training (P=0.001, P=0.018). Between-group comparison of absolute and relative values of LVM, EDIVT and LVPWd in the training group showed a significant increase as compared with the control group (P=0/000); also, there was a significant increase in the absolute value of LVEDd (P=0.002). Conclusion: Modification of resistance training can induce changes in the left ventricular structure of non-athletic people
Mehdi Poorkord; Abbas Abolghassemi; Mohammad Narimani
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 181-188
Abstract
Background and Purpose: There is a tendency in adolescents with poor social skills and low self-efficacy for substance use to tackle problems. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with the tendency for substance use in adolescents.
Materials ...
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Background and Purpose: There is a tendency in adolescents with poor social skills and low self-efficacy for substance use to tackle problems. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship of social skills and self-efficacy with the tendency for substance use in adolescents.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study involved the population of first- and second-grade high school students in the vulnerable regions in Ardabil, Iran. The research sample consisted of 321 students from the vulnerable areas in Ardabil, Iran who were randomly selected for the study. Matson Social Skills Scale, Sherer’s Self-efficacy Inventory, Scale of aAttitude towards Substance Use and Tendency to Substance Use Checklist were used for data collection. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analyses in SPSS 14, with the significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results showed the mean scores of social skills to be 132.15, Self-efficacy 81.85 and tendency to substance use 21.30. There were significant relationships between social skills (r=-0.57) and self- efficacy (r=-0.42) with tendency to substance use in adolescents. The results of multiple regression analysis indicated that aggression, nonsocial skills, general self-efficacy and appropriate social skills accounted for 47 percent of variance of tendency to substance use. Conclusion: Based on the findings, social skills and self-efficacy are related to tendency to substance use in adolescents.
Maryam Kashanian; Mansoureh Ashghali Farahani; Maryam Shahnazari; Fereshteh Jahdi; Hamid Haghani
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 189-195
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Perineal damage is one of the traumas most frequently suffered by women during delivery. There are several techniques aimed at reducing the perineal damage. The present study is aimed at determining and comparing the frequency and degree of perineal rupture in hands-off and hands-on ...
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Background and Purpose: Perineal damage is one of the traumas most frequently suffered by women during delivery. There are several techniques aimed at reducing the perineal damage. The present study is aimed at determining and comparing the frequency and degree of perineal rupture in hands-off and hands-on techniques of protecting perinea during labor. Method and Materials: This blind clinical trial (with the CI of 95% and test power of 80%) involved 187 women who, after signing their informed consent, were divided into the hands-off (n= 98) and hands-on (n=89) groups through random allocation. In the experimental (hands-off) method, the midwife guides the parturient and observes the process of labor without touching the perineum or the head. In the control (hands-on) group, the midwife protects the infant's head using Ringen maneuver. The data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Results: The result showed that the undamaged perinea in the hands-off group was 44.9%, versus 10% in the hands-on group, where the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). Perineal laceration was 51% in the hands-off group and 47.2% in the hands-on group but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.55). Most ruptures were of the first-degree type (50% in the hands-off and 64.3% in the hands-on group). In the hands-off group, 3.1% underwent episiotomy as compared with 75.3% in the hands-on group. Conclusion: The results suggest that a policy of hands-off technique in protecting perinea can be safe and efficient technique and can be an alternative method in perineal protection during labor
Hamid Peyrovi; Leyla Jouybary; Mansoureh Jamshidi Manesh; Akram Sanagoo
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 196-205
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Women’s perception of menopause depend on cultural norms, social factors and individual knowledge of meanopause. Because of amny problems women face in this stage, the present study was designed to explore and interpret Iranian women’s experience of menopause. Methods and ...
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Background and Purpose: Women’s perception of menopause depend on cultural norms, social factors and individual knowledge of meanopause. Because of amny problems women face in this stage, the present study was designed to explore and interpret Iranian women’s experience of menopause. Methods and Materials: Fourteen menopause women, spending time for hobby in public parks, were interviewed for their clinical experience after having signed the informed consent for inclusion in the study. Open in-depth semi-structure interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed by Van Manen phenomenological method, and the study ended after data were saturated. Results: The most important clinical experience of women from menopause, which emerged from the study data, were the physiologic event and deprivation themes. Also, subthemes included natural process of creation, facing alertness, healing power of menses, youth and femininity, and a light perspective into the future, which helped describe and expand the main themes. Conclusion: Despite different attitudes toward menopause, women consider this phenomenon as natural; however, concerns and expectation of its complications can affect the quality of their life.
Ladan Najjar; Arash Akabery; Tahereh Tofighiyan; Mohammadreza Shegarf Nakhaee
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 206-212
Abstract
Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as ...
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Background and Purpose: One of the important factors affecting the life quality of every person is the disease, where one of the main interventions in this regard can be the individual counseling which is one of the most appropriate procedures in improving the life quality in chronic diseases such as myocardial infarction. Therefore, the present study was cnducted to investigate the effect of individual counselling on the quality of life in patients with myocardial infarction. Methods and Materials: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 56 patients with myocardial infarction at Vase’i Hospital in Sabzevar, Iran, who were selected through convenience sampling; they were divided randomaly into two groups: thew intervention and the control groups, and were homogenized as for their age, gender, level of education and history of myocardial infarction. The intervention group received four one-hour counselling sections every other day in physical, mental and social domains. However, there was no intervention for the control group. The quality of life of the two groups was surveyed and compared by QOL-SF36 questionnaire after a one-month period. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using chi-squre and independent samples t-test. Results: The results showed an ioncrease in the quality of life of the intervention group in the social field (52.67±18.74). Also, %80.8 of the the participants had stated their general health status to be average, and %86.60 experienced less anxiety and/or depression. Chi-square results indicated that despite differences in physical, mental and social domains, the deffierence was significant only in the mental dere not significantly different (p=0.99). Conclusion: The results indicated that individual counseling does not have an effect on the life quality of patients with myocardial infarction
Ciristina Verissimo; Joua Brando; Hossein Moallaie; Laura Rosado
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 213-219
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Due to the ever-increasing use of antifungal drugs especially those of azole group, the prevalence of recurrent forms of vaginal infections and the number of drug-resistant yeasts are on the rise. Therefore, the rpesent study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity and resistance ...
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Background and Purpose: Due to the ever-increasing use of antifungal drugs especially those of azole group, the prevalence of recurrent forms of vaginal infections and the number of drug-resistant yeasts are on the rise. Therefore, the rpesent study is conducted to investigate the sensitivity and resistance of yeasts isolated from vaginal infections to antifungal drugs.
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive analytical study was conducted on 118 yeasts isolated from 436 suspects of vulvovaginal candidiasis; their sensitivity and resisitance to drugs belonging to imidazoles group including clotrimazole (CTR), fluconazole (FCA), ketoconazole (KET), miconazole (MCZ) and econazole (EC) as well as nystatine (NY) belonging to polyene group using the standard disc diffusion technique. To determine their relationship clinical symptoms and the raltion of resistance to one drug with resistance to other drugs, relevant tests were used including chi-square, kappa and linear regression coefficient in SPSS 11.
Results: The results showed no resistance to nystatine from polyene group and econazole from azole group; however, 53 cases (%44.9) were resistant to fluconazole, 26 cases (%22) to miconazole, 10 cases (%8.5) to clotrimazole and 2 cases (%1.7) to ketoconazole.
Conclusion: The results of linear correlation showed a negative correlation between the sensitivity of yeasts to CTR and KET and clinical symptoms.
Babak barati; Shahram Nazarian; Mehdi Shirazi; Nasibeh Ghorbani; Mojtaba Saadati; Mohammadbagher Salehi; Hadi Shirzad
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 221-227
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, is still one of the most important infectious diseases across the world. Different methods such as biochemical and Elisa methods are used for detection of this bacterium, which produce false responses in addition to being time-consuming ...
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Background and Purpose: Typhoid fever, a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, is still one of the most important infectious diseases across the world. Different methods such as biochemical and Elisa methods are used for detection of this bacterium, which produce false responses in addition to being time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, the present research was conducted to detect Salmonella typhi by PCR method which is rapid, inexpensive and specific. Materials and methods: In this descriptive study which was conducted via diagnostic method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for detection of Salmonella typhi. This strain had formerly been confirmed by biochemical methods. For detection by PCR, one primer pair was designed, being specific to ViaB gene. The PCR product was digested by restricted enzyme. For specificity of assay, 6 different strains were used as control negative and for sensitivity of PCR reaction, serial dilution of bacteria was used. Results: The PCR product of Salmonella typhi was 530 bp which were then confirmed by digestion enzymes. In testing the specificity of the assay, Salmonella typhimorium, Shigella flexneri, E. coli, Clostridium botulinum, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis were used as negative control, and did not yield a PCR product. The sensitivity of this method was estimated to be about 50 CFU/ml. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that detection of ViaB gene with PCR method can be used for diagnossis of Salmonella typhi in clinical samples as a rapid, inexpensive, specific and highly sensitive method.
Shila Moshrefi; Mahboobeh Nakhaee Moghaddam
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 228-233
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Increased spread of antibiotic resistance and treatment failure among Escherichia coli isolates, most common agent of urinary tract infection, can be related to the increasing prevalence of expanded spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) clinical isolates. The present study was conducted ...
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Background and Purpose: Increased spread of antibiotic resistance and treatment failure among Escherichia coli isolates, most common agent of urinary tract infection, can be related to the increasing prevalence of expanded spectrum b-lactamases (ESBL) clinical isolates. The present study was conducted to examine the antimicrobial resistance of urinary isolates of E. coli in Mashad and to detect the ESBL producing strains among them.
Methods and Materials: In this descriptive study, 109 isolated E. coli were identified using differential biochemical experiments, from urine samples of hospitalized patients in Mashad hospitals (Ghaem and 17-Shahrivar Hospitals). The antibiotic susceptibility was examined by disc diffusion method according to Kirby-Bauer standards. Detection of ESBL producers were done by double disc method. Data were analyzed by Statistica software using Chi-square….
Hamidreza Estiri; Shahrookh Ranjbar Bahadori; Mehrnoosh Kashefinejad
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 234-239
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Vegetables are one of the most important agents in transmission of parasitic infections to human, and determining their infectious rate ahs been the center of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine and compare the parasitic and non-parasitic infections ...
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Background and Purpose: Vegetables are one of the most important agents in transmission of parasitic infections to human, and determining their infectious rate ahs been the center of attention. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine and compare the parasitic and non-parasitic infections of vegetables before and after washing, disinfecting and packaging processes in the vegetable processing farms. Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional descriptive study involved 345 samples of different types of vegetables from 30 farms before washing process as well as 200 samples after the washing, disinfecting and packaging processes between September and November 2008. The samples were studied through timed sedimentary and then through centrifuged condensation methods. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square. Results: The results showed that 185 samples out of 345 (53.62%) from farms were infected by parasitic and non-parasitic agents. The infection to ova of Ascaris sp (2.32%), Taenia spp (1.74%) and Trichostrongylus sp (0.58%) had the highest rate, respectively. Moreover, results showed that all of 200 samples from vegetable processing farm had no infection. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between the infection in samples from farms and those from vegetable processing farm. Conclusion: The results showed the absence of infections in studied vegetables after washing, disinfecting and packaging processes in the vegetable processing farms, and confirmed the role of processing in the elimination of infections
Majid Ghazanfari; Javad Ganjloo
Volume 16, Issue 4 , January and February 2010, Pages 240-243
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Most corticosteroids are dose- and duration-dependent. Dexamethasoe has been the highly used drug in the country in the last years, and can produce a pseudo-kushing syndrome if use in the long run. In the present paper, we will report a case of dexamethasone use for twenty years. ...
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Background and Purpose: Most corticosteroids are dose- and duration-dependent. Dexamethasoe has been the highly used drug in the country in the last years, and can produce a pseudo-kushing syndrome if use in the long run. In the present paper, we will report a case of dexamethasone use for twenty years. The Patient: The patient is 52-year old man, married but has no child; he has started injecting dexamethasone 30 years ago; he keeps cattle and has a farm too. The patient was hospitalized first with a diagnosis of drug-resisitant brucellosis in Jovein, Iran. Laboratory tests indiated anemia, leukocytosis, hypocalemia, hypocalcemia and hyponathremia; he was discharged from the hospital four days later. Two days later, he was referred to neurocerebral surgeon due to backache, lower and upper limbs numbness, and walking disorder with a diagnosis of spastic quadriparesia and babinsky. Sixteen days after that, he underwent a total laminectomy surgery of C3-C6 with the diagnosis of cervical myelopathy. He had already been hospitalized in Mashad, Iran for a fever of unknown causes two years before that, and cataract surgery of both eyes. Conclusion: Long-term use of dexamthasone has caused six hospitalizations, diagnostic measures, medical interventions and surgical procedures for the patient reported here.