immunology & Biochemistry
Mohammad Shafi Mojadadi; Maryam Amirpour; Mohammad Sahebkar; Maryam Karrabi; saeideh sadat shobeiri
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 January 2024
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common skin disease that presents with papulosquamous lesions (scaly papules and plaques) and can have psychological and physical consequences. Due to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D, studies have been conducted on the relationship between serum levels of this vitamin ...
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Background: Psoriasis is a common skin disease that presents with papulosquamous lesions (scaly papules and plaques) and can have psychological and physical consequences. Due to the anti-inflammatory role of vitamin D, studies have been conducted on the relationship between serum levels of this vitamin and psoriasis. In recent years, conflicting results have been obtained, all of which emphasize the importance of investigating this issue. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels and psoriasis.Methods: We conducted a case-control study with psoriasis patients from Vasei Hospital's dermatology clinic and healthy people from Sabzevar Blood Transfusion Center in Iran. Patients with chronic psoriasis (more than 6 months) aged 18 to 65 years were included in the study regardless of the type of psoriasis. This study had a sample size of 177 people (88 cases, and 89 controls). The data collection methods were a questionnaire and blood samples. In both groups, the amount of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D was measured by ELISA method.Results: This study recruited 177 individuals: 78 (44.10%) males and 99 (55.90%) females. The mean age in the case group was 36.95±13.30 and in the control group was 21.34±12.60 years. The mean vitamin D levels had not significant difference between case (19.68±13.60) and control groups (21.34±12.60) (P>0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that there was no significant difference in vitamin D levels between the case group and the control group, which did not support the hypothesis that vitamin D deficiency is associated with psoriasis.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mohammad Shafi Mojadadi; Nastaran Zakeralhosseini; Azam Khosrogerdi; Mostafa Roshanzadeh; Ali Taj
Volume 31, Issue 1 , March and April 2024, , Pages 13-20
Abstract
Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate ...
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Introduction: The coronavirus epidemic has caused a lot of confusion and tension in the health, economic, and political systems of the world, and its impact on society has led the governments' policy to support the production of drugs and related vaccines, Therefore, this research was conducted to investigate the findings of vaccination of people infected with covid-19 hospitalized in Vasei Sabzevar Hospital in 2022.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the year 2022 at Sabzevar city. 3686 people were included in the study by available sampling method. Information was extracted from Sib system using a demographics questionnaire and checklist and analyzed with SPSS 26 software.
Results: The results showed that %64.7 people had not been vaccinated. The number of hospitalized unvaccinated people was about 1.8 times the number of vaccinated people. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women according to the vaccination status (P=.38), although there was a significant difference in the age of people (P=.001). The frequency of diabetes was higher in the vaccinated population. There was no significant difference between the number of hospitalized men and women in terms of the number of doses received (p=0.23). Also, the mortality rate in non-vaccinated people was significantly higher and this difference was significant (P=0.017).
Conclusion: Vaccination reduces mortality and hospitalization rates, so encouraging this and proper planning to prepare vaccines in similar critical situations is recommended.
immunology & Biochemistry
mahsa saeedpour; mohamad fazilati; zolfaghar lotfi
Volume 31, Issue 1 , March and April 2024, , Pages 48-59
Abstract
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials ...
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Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the coronavirus, has emerged as one of the most pressing healthcare challenges of this century. The role of laboratory data in diagnosing severe forms of COVID-19 remains inconclusive. This research aimed to find ways to quickly prevent COVID-19.Materials and Methods: This research involved 43 COVID-19 patients monitored from March 2022 to May 2022 at the Mehregan Private Center in Khuzestan Province. Hematological and biochemical tests of the patients were performed. Measurements of D-dimer and Interleukin-6 were performed using the Biotek ELX 800TS analyzer, while fibrinogen levels were determined through the Clauss coagulation method. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 22 and GraphPad Prism version 9.Results: There is a significant difference in the levels of interleukin 6, D-Dimer, and fibrinogen, which was equal to 0.0001 (P<0.05). Threshold level and area under the receptor operating characteristic curve (ROC) interleukin-6 was 20.06 pg/ml and 0.837, D-dimer 952.5 ng/ml and 0.929, and fibrinogen was 206.5 mg/dL and 0.768, respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 interleukin 6 were 67.44% and 100%, D-dimer 60.47% and 97.67%, and fibrinogen 53.49 % and 95.35%, respectively. Interleukin-6 and D-dimer had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19, but for fibrinogen, this level was not as obvious as the other two factors.Conclusion: D-dimer and interleukin-6 had more pronounced effects on the severity of this disease, while fibrinogen had a lower impact.
immunology & Biochemistry
Nafise Annabestani; Hamid Mollania; Nasrin Mollania
Volume 30, Issue 6 , January and February 2024, , Pages 768-784
Abstract
Introduction: Herbal medicine, which bears fewer adverse effects than chemical medications, is becoming more popular for the treatment of diabetes.Materials and Methods: After measuring the antioxidant properties, the inhibition pattern between the extracts and the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme was ...
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Introduction: Herbal medicine, which bears fewer adverse effects than chemical medications, is becoming more popular for the treatment of diabetes.Materials and Methods: After measuring the antioxidant properties, the inhibition pattern between the extracts and the pancreatic α-amylase enzyme was determined. Diabetic mice were treated with herbal extracts and acarbose. The blood biochemical factors were then measured. The best extract examined the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs).Results: The extracts of saffron and chamomile petals showed an inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme with a competitive and mixed pattern, respectively. FBS had a significant decrease in all treatment groups, and only in the group treated with an ultrasound-assisted aqueous extract of saffron petals did insulin levels increase significantly. The ALT enzyme decreased significantly in the presence of saffron extract. The reduction of the AST factor is significant only in chamomile extract. The results showed that for optimal synthesis of silver nanoparticles, values of temperature, pH, time, and silver nitrate salt concentration were 55°C, pH = 10, 4 hours, and 1.2 mM, respectively.Conclusion: The plant extracts studies can efficiently lower the blood sugar levels, increase insulin production, and regulate liver enzymes in the blood. As a result, they have a good impact on diabetes treatment. These extracts outperform the chemical medication acarbose in terms of efficacy and have no negative effects on the liver. The saffron extract demonstrates the ability to synthesize Ag-NP, which is frequently employed in biomedical applications.
immunology & Biochemistry
mohsen mohammadi; nowrouz delirezh; Jalil Mehrzad; Abbas Abdollahi
Volume 28, Issue 4 , September and October 2021, , Pages 521-532
Abstract
Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer related death for both men and women in the United States of America (US) and also, is the third and fourth common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. It is curable in its ...
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Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer related death for both men and women in the United States of America (US) and also, is the third and fourth common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. It is curable in its early stages; we hypothesized” the inflammatory gene expression level of the peripheral monocytes of CRC patients is different from control healthy persons”. Therefore, this research was done with the aim of finding of the role of inflammation in the formation of CRC to help diagnosis and treatment of CRC in its early stages on the basis of its immunopathological view. Materials and Methods: Inthis case-control study, the expression level of TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and NOS2 genes was compared following RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from isolated monocytes of stage II CRC patients (confirmed by TNM method and before any chemotherapyand radiotherapy n=12) versus non-CRC healthy/controls (referred for CRC screening n=12) by qPCR method. The β- actin gene was used as the reference gene in this research. Results: In CRC patients’ monocytes, the expression levels of TLR2 and TLR4 genes were significantly less than those of healthy controls (p < 0.05). The NLRP3 gene expression level in CRC group was slightly higher but, not significant. In contrast, the expression level of NOS2 gene in CRC group was significantly higher than that of in healthy controls (p < 0.05). Conclusion: On the basis of the variations of the gene expression levels of TLR2, TLR4 and NOS2 in monocytes of stage II CRC patients and the role of inflammation in its formation, it is possible using this variations as CRC prognosis and in time treatment along with other methods; though, it needs more investigations.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mahtab Pourkamalzadeh; Seyyed Meysam Abtahi Froushani; Alireza Mahmoudian
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 173-181
Abstract
Introduction: In previous studies, the crosstalk between some cancer cells and platelets have been documented. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on B92 glial cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 1×106 B92 cells ...
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Introduction: In previous studies, the crosstalk between some cancer cells and platelets have been documented. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on B92 glial cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 1×106 B92 cells were treated with Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for different of 0, 5, 10 and 20 percent of cutler media for 24 h. The morphological changes of the treated cells were evaluated by inverted light microscopy. The effects of PRP on the proliferation rate of cells were measured using the tetrazolium salt reduction test (dimethyl thiazole-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTT). QRT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression level of TNFα, IL-10 and BCL-2 genes. Results: The results of the MTT reduction test showed that PRP promotes B92 glial cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. PRP in a dose-dependent manner also increased BCL-2 gene expression. The expression of the TNF-α cytokine gene was decreased in a non- percent -dependent manner after the treatment of B92 glial cells with PRP. Treatment of B92 glial cells with PRP promoted a significant increase in the expression level of the gene of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. Conclusion: In the microenvironment of cancer, platelets promote the growth and proliferation of B92 glial cells and their escape from immune responses.
immunology & Biochemistry
hassan Ramshini
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 232-241
Abstract
Introduction: The accumulation of amyloid aggregates in the brain are associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Several nanoparticles (NP) have been using for treatment of neurological disease. Metal nanoparticles can be modified through the construction of bimetallic architectures consisting ...
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Introduction: The accumulation of amyloid aggregates in the brain are associated with numerous neurodegenerative disorders. Several nanoparticles (NP) have been using for treatment of neurological disease. Metal nanoparticles can be modified through the construction of bimetallic architectures consisting of two distinct metals that their properties can be dramatically different from those of the corresponding single-component particles. At the present study, we evaluated the effect of the bimetallic Au/Ag nanoparticles on hen lysozyme amyloid aggregation as a model protein for amyloid formation . Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, to induce amyloid formation, Acidic pH and high temperatures were used. Hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was dissolved at 2 mg/mL in 50mM glycine buffer (pH 2.5), and then incubated at 57 °C for the specified durations. The inhibitory effect of the nanoparticles against HEWL fibrillation using and ThT (thioflavin T), Congo red and MTT assay was investigated . Results: ThT assay showed that the particles are able to inhibit HEWL aggregation in a pattern of inverse dose-dependent inhibition and with the best inhibitory concentration 0.01 µg/ml. Kinetic study of showed that the particles caused lag phase do not change but stationary phase decreased and also cytotoxic activity of HEWL aggregates in presence of Au/Ag nanoparticleswas significantly diminished (P˂0.05) . Conclusions: We anticipate that based on obtained insights in design of new bimetallic nanoparticles, rationally design of effective NP-based therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases may be a feasible perspective .
immunology & Biochemistry
Ezzat Nourizadeh
Volume 28, Issue 2 , May and June 2021, , Pages 302-310
Abstract
Introduction: Leishmania parasitic infections are the important causes of health problems in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as valuable tools for the detection, treatment and characterization of the antigenic markers of parasites. This ...
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Introduction: Leishmania parasitic infections are the important causes of health problems in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as valuable tools for the detection, treatment and characterization of the antigenic markers of parasites. This study through applicable techniques aims to produce mAbs against Iranian type of Leishmania( L). infantum. Materials and Methods: Standard strains were cultured and their antigens were used. BALB/c mice were injected with freeze-thawed promastigote twice together with Freund adjuvant. Three days before cell-fusion, the antigen through vein was injected into the mice. Then the mice were killed. After that their spleen lymphocytes were mingled with myeloma SP2/0. In the next step, the isolation of monoclones was performed by limiting dilution method. Results: 16 mAb against promastigote form of L.infantum parasite were obtained ,3 of which showed optical density (OD) more than 1nm, designated as 5D2 FV, 4G5 FV and 5D6 FIV. Then, anti-promastigotes L.infantum mAbs were obtained from these hybrids. These antibodies are effective in the logarithmic phase of the parasite. Conclusion: It seams these antibodies can demonstrate reaction against Iranian strain of promastigotes L. infantum and can be employed in the diagnosis of kalazar disease
immunology & Biochemistry
Jasmin Kharazmi-Khorassani; Ahmad Asoodeh
Volume 28, Issue 1 , January and February 2021, , Pages 69-81
Abstract
Introduction: Thymosin alpha-1 (zadaxin) a 28-amino acid peptide, which was first identified in the calf thymus. This peptide is a biological modifier which leads to activation of various cells of the immune system. In the recent years, thymosin alpha-1 has been studied in in vitro and in vitro studies ...
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Introduction: Thymosin alpha-1 (zadaxin) a 28-amino acid peptide, which was first identified in the calf thymus. This peptide is a biological modifier which leads to activation of various cells of the immune system. In the recent years, thymosin alpha-1 has been studied in in vitro and in vitro studies to evaluate its biological activities and therapeutic applications. Materials and Methods: This study was done to summarize findings from the biological and clinical applications of thymosin alpha-1 peptide. We searched at the sites of Google, Google Scholar and PubMed over 1966-2019 using Thymosin alpha-1, Immunomodulatory, Cancer, Hepatitis and AIDS as keywords. Results: The results showed that thymosin alpha-1 interacts with Tolllike receptors (TLR) and brings about to activation of some intracellular pathways that ultimately stimulate the immune system by modulating cytokine production, enhancing T-cell and dendritic cells. The peptide also shows antitumor activity and a protective role against oxidative damage by increasing the level of antioxidant enzymes. Clinical studies with thymosin alpha-1 have been shown a broad effective application against many infectious diseases, including hepatitis B and C and AIDS. In addition, thymosin alpha-1 is considered as a promising and adjunctive approach for subjects suffering from some cancers such as hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the multiple biological properties of thymosin alpha-1. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of action of thymosin alpha-1.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mohamad Abbasi Tashnizi; Mehdi Fathi; Farhood Sadralsadat; Omid Javedanfar; Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari
Volume 27, Issue 6 , January and February 2021, , Pages 832-837
Abstract
Introduction: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a very good option for the treatment of coronary artery occlusion. One of the risks is bleeding from anastomotic site because of suturing disruption which is dangerous for patient. Fibrin glue (FG) is an effective tissue sealant in tissue repair. In ...
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Introduction: Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) is a very good option for the treatment of coronary artery occlusion. One of the risks is bleeding from anastomotic site because of suturing disruption which is dangerous for patient. Fibrin glue (FG) is an effective tissue sealant in tissue repair. In the present time, FG has been not used routinely in CABG surgery. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the preventive effect of FG from bleeding in anastomotic site in CABG. Materials and Methods: A systematic search in PubMed database was done from February 1999 to February 2019 with these key words: Fibrin glue, surgery and coronary artery bypass. All clinical and experimental studies, which are written in English language and about preventive effect of FG from bleeding in CABG surgery were considered. Results: The seventy articles were found. Seventeen articles have been used. In Clinical studies, commercial allogenic FG in eleven studies , allogenic FG from single donor in one study, autologous FG in three studies and commercial allogenic & autologous FG in one experimental study were used. Fourteen studies showed that FG is very effective to decrease the bleeding. One study reported that autologous FG can decrease the bleeding better than commercial allogenic FG. One study reported no beneficial effect of FG in decreasing of bleeding. One study reported very adverse effect of FG which caused the mortality in patients. Conclusion: The use of allogenic and autologous FG is very effective in reducing of bleeding in anastamotic site in CABG.
immunology & Biochemistry
mozhgan naderi kotaki; azizeh asadzadeh; fatemeh heidaryan
Volume 27, Issue 5 , November and December 2020, , Pages 594-602
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ACHE) with hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses of the brain plays ...
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Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions. The acetylcholinesterase enzyme (ACHE) with hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in the cholinergic synapses of the brain plays a role in ending the neural message. One of the methods used to control the progression of Alzheimer’s disease is the administration of cholinesterase inhibitors, especially plant- originated medicines. The aim of this study was to study bioinformatics and obtain the level of inhibitory effect of acetylcholinesterase enzyme by hydro-alcoholic extract of aerial organs of Thymus vulgaris. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate how the compounds are attached to the active site of the enzyme, first, Docking studies were conducted using AutoDock 4.2 software, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Thymus vulgaris was measured at concentrations 2, 1, 0 .5, 0.25 mg/ml in order to determine its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. Results: The compounds present in the extract were able to occupy the active site of the enzyme with a binding energy level of -4.12 to -6.58 kcal / mol. According to the laboratory results, concentrations of 2mg/ml were 46.99% and IC50 = 2.03 mg/ml. Conclusion: The results of in silico and in vitro studies indicate that the extract of this plant contains effective inhibitory compounds, and trying to use these compounds is a suitable topic for future research with the aim of acquiring pharmacologically inhibitors.
immunology & Biochemistry
Hassan Ramshini; Shahryar Saeidian; Leila Nazemian
Volume 27, Issue 1 , May and June 2020, , Pages 55-63
Abstract
Backgrounds & Objectives: Alzheimer's disease is of major concern all over the world due to a number of factors including (i) an aging population (ii) increasing life span and (iii) lack of effective pharmacotherapy options. Aromatic small molecules have been found to play a neuroprotective role ...
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Backgrounds & Objectives: Alzheimer's disease is of major concern all over the world due to a number of factors including (i) an aging population (ii) increasing life span and (iii) lack of effective pharmacotherapy options. Aromatic small molecules have been found to play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting and/or modifying the self-assembly of peptide or proteins into oligomers and fibrils, which are linked to the pathogenesis of the diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 1,3, 5 triphenyl benzene as an aromatic molecule on aggregation and neurotoxicity of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was investigated.Methods: Acidic pH and high temperatures were used to drive the protein towards amyloid formation. Lysozyme was dissolved at 2 mg/mL in 50mM glycine buffer (pH 2.5), and then incubated at 57 °C for the specified durations. The inhibitory effect of the compounds against hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) fibrillation using AFM (atomic force microscope), ThT (thioflavin T), Congo red and MTT assay was investigated.Results: We found that the compounds is able to inhibit HEWL aggregation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 0.1 µM. Kinetic study of the compound caused lag phase prolonged and stationary phase decreased and also cytotoxic activity of HEWL aggregates in presence of the compounds was diminished.Conclusions: These observations suggest that 1,3,5 triphenyl benzene is capable to insert directly into amyloidogenic core of early aggregates and inhibiting amyloid fibril formation.
immunology & Biochemistry
Mohammad Fereidouni; Mohammad Sadegh Naghizadeh; Afshin Derakhshani; Maryam Moossavi
Volume 26, Issue 5 , November and December 2019, , Pages 641-650
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which has been well known for its role on calcium and phosphate homeostasis since many years ago, but several studies in recent years have shown that vitamin D is involved in a variety of other processes which can be included its role on the immune system ...
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Background: Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin, which has been well known for its role on calcium and phosphate homeostasis since many years ago, but several studies in recent years have shown that vitamin D is involved in a variety of other processes which can be included its role on the immune system and the related diseases.Materials and methods: In this article, the most recent findings about the role of vitamin D in the immune system and a number of immune-related diseases have been investigated.Results: Reviewing the articles shows that vitamin D and its receptor have an important role in the function of the body immune system. Conclusion: It seems that screening of vitamin D levels in the society can play a useful role not only in the preventing certain diseases and cancers but also in reducing the severity of the disease and better responding to common treatments.
immunology & Biochemistry
Sajad Rezvan; Hosein Heydari; akram barati; enayatolah nouri; Mohammad hassan Nikkhah
Volume 26, Issue 2 , July and August 2019, , Pages 171-176
Abstract
Background: Neutropenia is defined as absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,500 cubic millimeters. This differential diagnosis involves a lot of normalization to a life-threatening disorder. Considering the importance of early detection of the cause of neutropenia and its appropriate measures to ...
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Background: Neutropenia is defined as absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,500 cubic millimeters. This differential diagnosis involves a lot of normalization to a life-threatening disorder. Considering the importance of early detection of the cause of neutropenia and its appropriate measures to reduce mortality and impose financial costs, this study was conducted to determine the duration of admission of neutropenic patients based on the cause and antibiotics used. Methods: This cross-sectional study was descriptive-analytic. In this study 111 patients with neutropenia from 1962 to 1395 were surveyed at Masoumeh Hospital in Qom. Information was obtained from a patient's medical record through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 using independent t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.Results: This study showed that patients with malignancy had the highest hospitalization time ( 25-35). And patients with viral diseases had the least hospitalization time (5-4 days). 71.2% of patients consumed antibiotics during the hospitalization period, and 28.8% of patients without antibiotics had spent the duration of admission. The highest frequency of antibiotics was ceftriaxone (25.98%).Conclusion: The present study showed that there is a significant relationship between the duration of hospitalization and the cause and severity of the disease. Therefore, considering factors such as the cause at the start of admission, it can play a key role in advancing a proper management in treating patients with neutropenia.Keywords: Neutropenia, Antibiotic، hospitalization
immunology & Biochemistry
Mahboobeh Razmkhah; Parisa Karimzadeh; Fatemeh Eghbali; Somayeh Rezaeifard; Zahra Faghih
Volume 25, Issue 6 , November and December 2018, , Pages 809-817
Abstract
Background: Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are a group of diverse glycoproteins which induce and regulate proliferation and differentiation of hematogenic progenitors in the bone marrow. However, increasing evidence also shows that these factors can also affect and provoke proliferation of non-hematopoietic ...
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Background: Colony stimulating factors (CSFs) are a group of diverse glycoproteins which induce and regulate proliferation and differentiation of hematogenic progenitors in the bone marrow. However, increasing evidence also shows that these factors can also affect and provoke proliferation of non-hematopoietic cells including tumor cells. Therefore, we assessed Granulocyte (G-CSF), Monocyte (M-CSF) and Granulocyte-Monocyte (GM-CSF) colony stimulating factors the serum of breast cancer (BC) and their association with pathological and paraclinical factors of the disease.Materials and Methods: Sixty-two untreated patients with BC as well as 54 age-sex matched controls without any history of cancer and autoimmunity in themselves and their first degree relatives were enrolled. After assigning a consent form, 5 milliliters of peripheral blood were obtained and their serums were separated. The levels of growth factors were then checked by cytokine bead array methods. The data were analyzed by SPSS18 and P-values less than 0.05 were considered as significant.Results: The mean expression of G-CSF, M-CSF and GM-CSF was measured to be 14.18 ± 13.61, 6.11 ± 5.62 and 63.48 ±83.22 in the serum of BC patients, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between patients and controls (P>0.05), further analysis revealed that with increase in the stage of disease from I to III, the serum level of GM-CSF significantly elevated (P=0.016).Conclusion: The results collectively suggest an anti-tumorigenic role for GM-CSF in breast cancer, however, it needs to be confirmed in a more comprehensive studies with more sample size.
immunology & Biochemistry
Farnosh Anoosha; Bagher Seyedalipour; Ali Taravati; Monireh Movahedi
Volume 25, Issue 5 , November and December 2018, , Pages 649-658
Abstract
Background & Objectives: The toxicity of metals and their compounds is determined by their physicochemical properties. Thus, metals may compete for the biological binding sites and lead to incorrect function of biochemical macromolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate Ni NPs toxicity in ...
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Background & Objectives: The toxicity of metals and their compounds is determined by their physicochemical properties. Thus, metals may compete for the biological binding sites and lead to incorrect function of biochemical macromolecules. The aim of this study was to investigate Ni NPs toxicity in compared to Nickel chloride on liver enzyme activity and the histopathological changes of liver tissue in male wistar rats.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48 male rates were divided into six experimental groups and one control group and one sham group (n=6). Experimental groups received Ni NPs and nickel chloride with concentration of 5, 15 and 25 mg/ kg by intraperitoneal injection. At the end of 7th day, blood and liver specimen was collected for analysis. Assay of the activity of liver enzyme and histopathological study were performed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Enzyme activities of AST and ALP in different doses of Ni NPs and nickel chloride and LDH activity in different doses of nickel chloride showed significant changes in the studied groups (p > 0.05). Histopathological study of liver were revealed dose dependent changes in rats treated with nickel chloride and nanoparticles compared to the control group. Some of the changes including necrosis, congestion, apoptosis and steatohepatitis was observed after exposure to different doses.Conclusion: Increasing of concentration liver enzymes and histopathological changes confirms the toxicity of Ni NPs and nickel chloride
immunology & Biochemistry
Soheyla Yadamani; Ali Neamati; Masoud Homayouni Tabrizi; Samira Yadamani
Volume 24, Issue 5 , September and October 2018, , Pages 375-380
Abstract
Background: Schiff bases have attracted great attention in recent years due to their antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties. Antioxidants prevent free radical reactions and leading to decrease in cardiovascular disease, cancers, etc. Bacteria exploited variety of defense systems so they ...
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Background: Schiff bases have attracted great attention in recent years due to their antioxidant, antiviral and antibacterial properties. Antioxidants prevent free radical reactions and leading to decrease in cardiovascular disease, cancers, etc. Bacteria exploited variety of defense systems so they can resist against antibiotics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop antimicrobial factors with more effective mechanisms. In present study, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of copper Schiff base complex N’-N1 dipirodoxil-1-2 diaminobenzene has been studied. Materials and methods: After Synthesis of Schiff base complex, evaluation of antiradical activity of this complex was performed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH),2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and hydroxyl (OH ̊) tests. In order to study antimicrobial properties, disk diffusion test was done using bacteria.Results: Schiff base complex acted as scavengerof 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) (IC50 = 0.1 mg/ml), 2, 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (IC50 = 0.11 mg/ml) and hydroxyl radicals (OH ̊) (IC50 = 0.14 mg/ml). Antimicrobial effects of this complex against two bacteria were seen at the concentration of 250 µg/ml.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicate that copper Schiff base complex has antioxidant activity and in antimicrobial test Staphylococcus aureus is more sensitive than Escherichia coli. Keywords: Copper Schiff base; Antiradical Activity; DPPH; Antimicrobial
immunology & Biochemistry
Maryam Khalesi
Volume 25, Issue 2 , May and June 2018, , Pages 251-258
Abstract
AbstractBackground: Physical activity and exercise along with nutrition and hygiene, are major factors in prevention of diseases. Due to increase in pulmonary disease prevalence in recent decades and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the purpose of this study was to ...
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AbstractBackground: Physical activity and exercise along with nutrition and hygiene, are major factors in prevention of diseases. Due to increase in pulmonary disease prevalence in recent decades and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of these diseases, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a period swimming exercise on Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and Forkhead box O3 (FoxO3a) genes expression in lung tissue of wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty wistar rats with the weight of 102 ± 23 g randomly divided into two groups: exercise (n=10) and control (n=10). The exercise protocol included three months of swimming exercise (5 times per week) which begun from 25 minutes in the first week (4 liters per minute) and reached to 60 minutes (10 liters per minute) in the final week. Real time- PCR method was used to assess the genes expression of Sirt1 and FoxO3a in lung tissue. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality and Independent t test was used to compare the group (α
immunology & Biochemistry
Mahboube Zarabi; Akram Roshan; Ezat Asgarani; Mona Pakdel; Mahsa Rouini
Volume 24, Issue 2 , May and June 2017, , Pages 89-96
Abstract
Background and aim:Cyclotides are plant polypeptides characterized by their unique cyclic cysteine knot structural motif. They are present in many plants from the Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae families. But they also have variety of biological activities, including anti-HIV, antimicrobial and ...
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Background and aim:Cyclotides are plant polypeptides characterized by their unique cyclic cysteine knot structural motif. They are present in many plants from the Violaceae, Rubiaceae and Cucurbitaceae families. But they also have variety of biological activities, including anti-HIV, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Because of their exceptional stability, they have attracted interest as a potential starting point material for protein engineering and drug design.
Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is identification of genes encoding cyclotides from V. odorata, V. occulta, and V. ignobilis. We also study antimicrobial effect of cyclotides extracted from V. ignobilis. To reach this aim extraction of cyclotide was done by fractionation and solid phase extraction methods.
Results: Findings indicate the presence of the cyclotide gene in all three plant species which studied. Examination of antimicrobial effect of partial purified cyclotide, defined S. aureus is the most susceptible bacterium among human pathogenic and X. oryzea is the most susceptible bacterium among all of studied bacteria.
Conclusion: In general, it seems that it can be used cyclotide peptide in most of the viola species because of their anti-peptide property in the pharmaceutical industry. Study of cyclotide sequences shows that despite of existence of conserved amino acids in the most of cyclotides, the differences in performance are due to sequence variation.