نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار، گروه تربیت‌بدنی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تفت، تفت، ایران.
2 استادیار، گروه رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده تربیت‌بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.
3 دانشیار، گروه روانکاوی، مرکز تحقیقات دیابت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد، یزد، ایران
چکیده
اهداف در زمینه اثر مداخلات ذهن‌آگاهی بر پاسخ محور هیپوتالاموس هیپوفیز آدرنال (HPA) و عملکرد ورزشی ورزشکاران مطالعات اندکی صورت گرفته است. هدف مطالعه حاضر بررسی اثربخشی شش هفته تمرین ذهن‌آگاهی بر غلظت کورتیزول بزاقی به عنوان شاخص روان‌شناختی معتبر در استرس رقابتی و عملکرد ورزشی تیراندازان است.
روش بررسی تحقیق حاضر نیمه‌تجربی و با استفاده از طرح پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل تمام تیراندازان پسر استان یزد با دامنه سنی 17 تا 22 سال بود. برای انجام تحقیق 16 تیرانداز حرفه‌ای به‌طور تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل (هر گروه 8 نفر) قرار گرفتند. برای سنجش میزان استرس رقابتی از کیت کورتیزول بزاقی شرکت IBL آلمان مدل RE-52611 و برای اندازه‌گیری عملکرد از فرم‌های مخصوص استفاده شد. برای مقایسه نمره‌های عملکرد از آزمون تی مستقل و برای مشاهده غلظت کورتیزول بزاقی گروه کنترل و آزمایش از تحلیل واریانس با اندازه‌گیری مکرر استفاده شد. داده‌ها به کمک نسخه 20 نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد.
یافته ها یافته‌های این پژوهش کاهش معنا‌داری را در غلظت کورتیزول بزاقی و افزایش عملکرد ورزشی گروه آزمایش پس از شش هفته تمرین‌های ذهن‌آگاهی در مقایسه با گروه کنترل نشان داد.
نتیجه گیری از تمرین‌های ذهن‌آگاهی می‌توان به عنوان روشی جدید و نویدبخش در کاهش استرس قبل از مسابقه و افزایش عملکرد ورزشی تیراندازان استفاده کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effectiveness of 6-week Mindfulness Training on Shooter's Salivary Cortisol Concentration and Sport Performance
نویسندگان [English]
- Hossein Samadi 1
- Fateme Sadat Hoseini 2
- Reza Bidaki 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Taft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Taft, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of motor behavior, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Background Little research has been conducted on the effectiveness of mindfulness interventions on Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis response and sport performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of 6-week mindfulness training on salivary cortisol concentration as a reliable physiological marker of shooter's competition stress and their sport performance.
Methods & Materials This study was a quasi-experimental study by pretest-posttest design with a control group. Statistical group comprised all men shooter athletes with an age range of 17-22 years in Yazd Province. To do this test, 16 male elite shooters were randomly allocated into experimental and control groups (8 in each). We used salivary cortisol kit (Germany IBL company model RE 52611 model) to evaluate amount of precompetition stress and special forms to evaluated sport performance. We used the Independent t test to compare performance score and repeated measure of ANOVA for comparison of salivary cortisol concentration in experimental and control group. The results were analyzed with SPSS 20.
Results The findings showed significant reduction in salivary cortisol concentration and significant increase in sport performance in experimental group in comparison with the control group after 6 weeks of mindfulness training.
Conclusion The results suggest that mindfulness training can be uses as a new and promised method in reduction of shooter's precompetition stress and enhancing their sport performance.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Mindfulness training
- Salivary cortisol
- Sport performance
Gucciardi DF, Gordon S, Dimmock JA. Towards an understanding of mental toughness in Australian football. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2008; 20(3):261–81. doi: 10.1080/10413200801998556
Rajati M. [The effectiveness of Acceptance and commitment therapy on competitive state anxiety professional athletes Yazd. Faculty of Education and Psychology (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Yazd: Islamic Azad University; 2015.
Farzanegi P, Afshani A, Askari B, Ebrahimpour Z, Sharifi Gh, Shakibaei A, et al. [The effect of winning/ losing on profiles of mood states and salivary cortisol concentration in female handball player (Persian)]. 2009; 0(37):21-40.
Ho R, Neo L, Chua A, Cheak A, Mak A. Research on psychoneuroimmunology: does stress influence immunity and cause coronary artery disease? Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore. 2010; 39(3):191-196. PMID: 20372754
Hellhammer DH, Wüst S, Kudielka BM. Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in stress research. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2009; 34(2):163–71. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.026
Hasegawa M, Toda M, Morimoto K. Changes in salivary physiological stress markers associated with winning and losing. Biomedical Research. 2008; 29(1):43-46. doi: 10.2220/biomedres.29.43
Humara M. The relationship between anxiety and performance: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. Athletic Insight. 1999; 1(2): 1-14.
Anshel M. Sport psychology: from theory to practice [A. Mosaddad Persian trans]. Tehran: Ettela'at Publications. 1997.
Rostami M. [The effect of exercise on brain signals mindfulness-based women depressed and anxious (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 2013.
Kazemi AS. [The effectiveness of training mindfulness based cognitive strategies in the reduction of the symptoms of secondary traumatic stress disorder (S.T.S.D) and psychological problems of spouses of individuals with post traumatic stress disorder (Persian)]. Thought & Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2012; 6(23):31-42.
Gardner FL, Moore Z. The psychology of enhancing human performance: The Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) approach. Philadelphia: Springer Publications; 2007.
Gardner F, Moore Z. Clinical sport psychology. Philadelphia: Human Kinetics; 2006.
Zeidan F, Gordon NS, Merchant J, Goolkasian P. The effects of brief mindfulness meditation training on experimentally induced pain. Pain. 2010; 11(3):199–209. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.07.015
Goodman FR, Kashdan TB, Mallard TT, Schumann M. A brief mindfulness and yoga intervention with an entire NCAA Division I athletic team: An initial investigation. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. 2014; 1(4):339–56. doi: 10.1037/cns0000022
Creswell JD, Pacilio LE, Lindsay EK, Brown KW. Brief mindfulness meditation training alters psychological and neuroendocrine responses to social evaluative stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014; 44:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.007
Baltzell A and Akhtar V L. Mindfulness Meditation Training for Sport (MMTS) intervention: Impact of MMTS with Division I female athletes. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being. 2014; 2(2): 160-173.
Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB. Evaluation of Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE): A new approach to promote flow in athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2009; 3(4):334–56. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.3.4.334
De Petrillo LA, Kaufman KA, Glass CR, Arnkoff DB. Mindfulness for long-distance runners: An open trial using Mindful Sport Performance Enhancement (MSPE). Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology. 2009; 3(4):357–76. doi: 10.1123/jcsp.3.4.357
Coelho RW, Kuczynski KM, Keller B, da Silva AMB. Multimodal Imagery And Cortisol Concentration Levels Of Volley-ball Players. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2010; 42:289. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000384403.67603.98
Filaire E, Bernain X, Sagnol M, Lac G. Preliminary results on mood state, salivary testosterone: cortisol ratio and team performance in a professional soccer team. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2001; 86(2):179-184. doi: 10.1007/s004210100512
Haneishi K, Fry A C, Moore C A, Schilling B K, Li Y. Cortisol and stress responses during a game and practice in female collegiate soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2007; 21(2):583-588. doi: 10.1519/R-20496.1
Salvador A, Suay F, Gonzalez-Bono E, Serrano M A. Anticipatory cortisol, testosterone and psychological responses to judo competition in young men. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003; 28(3): 364-375. doi: 0306-4530(02)00028-8
Hosseini H, Abdoli B, Malekshahi M. [The relationship between the number of spectators with salivary cortisol and performance of the soccer’s referee (Persian)]. Sport Psychology Review. 2014; 3(7): 83-92.
Kazemeini T. [Comparison of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as a way to reduce anger and aggressive driving School of Education and Psychology (Persian)] [MSc. thesis]. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; 2010.
)