نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
- احمدرضا یاری 1
- بهروز دژدار 2
- علیرضا کوهپایی 3
- علی ابراهیمی 4
- علیرضا مشکوری 4
- محمدجواد محمدی 5
- شهرام ارسنگ‌جنگ 6
1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات آلاینده‌های محیطی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
2 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
4 کارشناس ارشد، گروه مهندسی بهداشت حرفه‌ای، مرکز تحقیقات سلامت کار، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
5 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط، مرکز تحقیقات و فناوری‌های زیست‌محیطی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی جندی‌شاپور، اهواز، ایران.
6 کارشناس ارشد، گروه اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی قم، قم، ایران.
چکیده
اهداف آلودگی صوتی در مناطق شهری به عنوان یکی از مشکلات اصلی شناخته شده و به منظور پیشگیری از اثرات مخرب، سنجش آن در شهرها امری ضروری است. لذا مطالعه حاضر با هدف تعیین شاخص‌های آلودگی صوتی شهر قم انجام شده است.
مواد و روش ها در این مطالعه توصیفی‌مقطعی که در دوازده ایستگاه پرترافیک منتخب در سطح شهر قم در فصول پاییز و زمستان سال 1391 انجام گرفت، تراز صدا با استفاده از دستگاه صداسنج مدل320-CEL و در هر کدام از ایستگاه‌ها طبق استاندارد 1996 ISO، تراز معادل صوت 15 دقیقه‌ای، به مدت 7 روز و در هر روز 27 بار سنجیده شد. در این مدت خودروهای عبوری شمارش و در پایان شاخص‌های NPL و TNI محاسبه شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از نسخه 18 نرم‌افزار SPSS تجزیه‌وتحلیل شد. برای مقایسه میانگین تراز معادل صوت با مقدار ثابت استاندارد از آزمون تی یک‌نمونه‌ای در سطح معناداری 05/0 استفاده شد.
یافته ها نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد میانگین تراز معادل صوت در کل ایستگاه‌های اندازه‌گیری‌شده بالاتر از حد مجاز است (05/0P<). همچنین بیشترین و کمترین تراز به ترتیب مربوط به ایستگاه‌های میدان مطهری با 6/92 دسی‌بل و چهارراه بازار با 1/50 دسی‌بل بود. بیشترین مقدار شاخص NPL و TNI مربوط به ایستگاه میدان جانبازان بود. میزان آلودگی صوتی ایستگاه‌ها، عصرها بیشتر و صبح‌ها کمتر بود. همچنین بین میزان تراکم وسایل نقلیه موتوری و تراز معادل صوت ارتباط آماری معناداری وجود دارد (05/0P<).
نتیجه گیری با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، برای کنترل آلودگی صوتی ناشی از ترافیک باید در اسرع وقت اقدامات لازم انجام شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of Traffic Noise Pollution and Control Solutions Offering: A Case Study in Qom, Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Ahmad Reza Yari 1
- Behrooz Dezhdar 2
- Alireza Koohpaei 3
- Ali Ebrahimi 4
- Alireza Mashkoori 4
- Mohammad Javad Mohammadi 5
- Shahram Arsang-Jang 6
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
2 MSc., Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Research Center for Work Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
4 MSc., Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Research Center for Work Health, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
5 PhD. Candidate, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Environmental Technologies Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
6 MSc., Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
چکیده [English]
Objectives Noise pollution in urban areas is known as one of the main problems. In order to prevent its damaging effects, it is essential to measure it in towns. This study aimed to determine the noise pollution indicators in Qom, Iran.
Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at selected 12 stations in the city based on the traffic density. This study was done in autumn and winter 2013. The sound Level was measured by Sound Meter (CEL-320). Also, in each station according to ISO 1996, the equivalent sound level for 15 minutes, was measured for 7 days and 27 times per day. At the same time, passing vehicles were counted. Finally, noise polllution level (NPL) and traffic noise index (TNI) indices were calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS V18. One-sample t test was used for comparing mean equivalent sound level with standard value. The significant level was considered at 0.05.
Results The results showed that the average equivalent sound level in all stations were higher than allowable limit. The maximum and minimum levels were recorded in Motahari Square station as 92.6 dB and Bazaar crossroad as 50.1 dB, respectively (P<0.05). The highest values of TNI and NPL indices were reported for Janbazan station. The level of noise pollution was measured at the highest value in the evening and lowest value in the morning. In addition, results showed that there were significant differences between equivalent sound level and density rate of motor vehicles (P<0.05).
Conclusion According to findings, in order to control traffic noise pollution, necessary corrective measures must be considered as soon as possible.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- noise pollution
- Noise Pollution Level (NPL)
- Traffic Noise Index (TNI)
- Traffic
- Qom
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