نوع مقاله : مروری
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری پرستاری، گروه داخلی و جراحی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران .
2 استاد، مرکز تحقیقات مراقبت پرستاری و مامایی، گروه داخلی و جراحی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، گروه آموزش پزشکی دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد پرستاری، گروه داخلی و جراحی، کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده پرستاری و مامایی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
زمینه و هدف: برای دستیابی به توسعه در آموزش، پژوهش و تحقیق سنگ‌بنای اولیه به شمار میرود؛ از این رو مطالعه روشهای پژوهشی برای شناخت علمی و بهبود کیفیت پژوهش اهمیت دارد. تحلیل محتوا یکی از مهمترین انواع پژوهش است که علی‌رغم کاربردهای گوناگون آن هنوز تعریف روشنی از آن در زمینه روش تحقیق یا تکنیک بودن نشده است. در این نوشتار سعی بر آن است با استفاده از نظر صاحبنظران به این موضوع پرداخته شود..
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه مروری، روایتی نظام‌مند است. به‌منظور انجام این مطالعه با استفاده از کتب و جستجو در پایگاههای PubMed, Scopus Web of Science, Science Direct, Google scholar, بین سالهای 1940-2022 با کلیدواژه‌هایContent ,Analysis Qualitative content analysis, Quantitative content analysis و کلیدواژه تحلیل محتوا، روش کیفی، تحلیل محتوی کیفی، تحلیل محتوی کمی در پایگاههای MagIran, SID ,Iranmedex, Irandoc جستجو شد و در نهایت 21 مقاله بررسی شدند.
یافته‌ها: براساس یافته‌های پژوهش، روشهای خاصی برای انجام پژوهش تحلیل محتوا وجود دارد که آن را از سایر روشهای تحقیق متمایز میکند. همچنین، اختلاف‌نظر در بین صاحبنظران در خصوص روش پژوهش یا تکنیک بودن تحلیل محتوا به تاریخچه و سیر تکاملی آن مربوط می‌شود، به بیانی دیگر انعطافپذیری بسیار بالای که برای تحقیق در روش تحلیل محتوا وجود دارد، مرهون تغییراتی است که این روش در طول زمان پذیرفته است
نتیجه‌گیری: تحلیل محتوا به‌عنوان یک روش علمی مستقل است که از ابتدا تا انتهای تحقیق با پژوهشگر می‌باشد که هم به‌تنهایی و هم همراه با فرایندهای کیفی دیگر در راستای رسیدن به الگو یـا چـارچوبی مفهـومی، توصـیف و تلخیص دادهها، استنباط از آنها و تدوین نظریه به‌کار رود
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Content Analysis (Research Technique or Method?):A Systematic Narrative Review
نویسندگان [English]
- Narjes Heshmatifar 1
- Hossein Karimi Moneghi 2
- sara ahmadi 3
1 PhD Student of Nursing, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Member of Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2 Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Medical Education, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
3 Master of Nursing Student, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Member of Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]
Introduction: Background and objectives: As research is the building block of education development, the study of research methods is important for improving the quality of research. Among different research methods, content analysis has gained particular significance; however, it has not yet been clearly examined in terms of its features and techniques. To fill this gap, the present article was an attempt to seek experts’ views on this issue.
Materials and Methods: This study was a non-systematic narrative review article. First, books and searches of previous studies were used in scientific information databases abroad: PubMed, Scopus Web of Science, Science Direct Google scholar, between 1940 and 2022 with the keywords Content, Analysis, Qualitative content analysis, Quantitative content analysis and also used, Keyword content analysis, qualitative method, qualitative content analysis, quantitative content analysis in databases, MagIran, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc. Then, 21 related articles were identified and reviewed.
Results: Based on the findings of the current study, there are particular techniques for conducting content analysis research distinguishing it from other research methods. Besides, findings of the study revealed that challenges among experts about the content analysis research method is partly due to its history and its evolution over the time and also it is related to the very highly flexible nature of this research method.
Conclusion: Content analysis is an independent scientific research method in which the researcher makes use of qualitative processes to describe and summarize data for making inferences and finding a conceptual framework and finally formulating a theory.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Content analysis
- Method
- Technique
- Methodology
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