بررسی معضلات حقوق مصرف‌کننده مواد غذایی تراریخته از ابعاد سلامتی، اخلاقی و حقوقی

پوراسماعیلی, علیرضا; واعظی کاخکی, محمدرضا; نارستانی, مهدی

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسندگان

¹ دانشیار حقوق خصوصی، گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

² استادیار زیست‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

³ استادیار فقه و حقوق جزا، گروه حقوق، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: خطر گرسنگی و افزایش تعداد گرسنگان در سراسر جهان به دلیل رشد جمعیت جهان و کمبود منابع و مواد غذایی افزایش یافته است. افزون بر رشد جمعیت جهان، تغییرات اقلیمی نیز بر کمبود مواد غذایی تأثیر گذاشته؛ در نتیجه امنیت غذایی به مخاطره افتاده است. از این رو مصرف محصولات تراریخته، معضلات بسیاری را ایجاد کرده است. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی مسائل حقوق مصرف‌کننده مواد غذایی تراریخته از ابعاد سلامتی، حقوقی و اخلاقی صورت گرفته است.
مواد و روش‌ها: تحقیق حاضر یک تحقیق مروری است که با استفاده از کلیدواژه‌های غذا، امنیت غذایی، محصولات تراریخته و سلامتی، مقالات و کتاب‌های فارسی و انگلیسی منتشر و نمایه شده در پایگاههایPubMed ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, Magiran به‌صورت جداگانه و ترکیبی، بدون محدودیت زمانی تا انتهای سال 2021 جستجو و پس از بازیابی، بررسی و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: در این مطالعه مروری، معضلات مواد غذایی تراریخته از ابعاد سلامتی، اخلاقی و حقوقی نسبت به حقوق مصرف‌کننده موردبررسی قرار گرفت تا نشان داده شود که چگونه می‌توان میان حق غذا و حق سلامتی و ایجاد امنیت غذایی تعادلی ایجاد کرد بی‌آنکه اجرای این حق‌ها موجب زیان انسان یا محیط‌‌زیست شود
نتیجه‌گیری: اصل زیان نرساندن اقتضا می‌کند که دولتها در راستای تأمین امنیت غذایی و جلوگیری تولیدکنندگان از سوءاستفاده از حق، نظارت دقیقی بر تولیدکنندگان محصولات و مواد غذایی تراریخته داشته باشند؛ بنابراین تولید گیاهان و مواد غذایی تراریخته نباید موجب زیان مصرف‌کننده و محیط‌زیست پیرامون او شود. علاوه بر این، مصرف‌کننده باید از وجود مواد غذایی تراریخته مطلع باشد تا بتواند حق انتخاب خود را اعمال کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

علوم تغذیه

عنوان مقاله [English]

Challenges of Consumer Rights in Genetically Modified Food from a Health, Ethical and Legal Perspective

نویسندگان [English]

Alireza Pouresmaeili ¹
mohammadreza vaezi kakhki ²
MAHDI NARESTANI ³

¹ Associate Professor, Private Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Theologyand Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

³ Assistant Professor, Jurisprudence and Criminal Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: The risk of starvation and the increasing number of hungry people around the world has increased due to the world's population growth and lack of food and supplies. Climate change, in addition to global population growth, has affected food shortages. As a result, food security is at risk. Therefore, challenges has been paid to Genetically Modified Crops and Genetically Modified Food. The aim of this study was to investigate the health, legal and ethical challenges of transgenic food consumers.
Materials and Methods: This paper is a narrative review; the search was done on articles and books in Persian and English, published and indexed in PubMed ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex, and Magiran databases. This search was carried out individually and in combination, with no time limit in published and indexed articles and books until the end of 2021, and after retrieval, they were reviewed and analyzed.
Results: In this narrative review study, the health, ethical and legal challenges of GM food to consumer rights were examined to show how a balance can be struck between the right to food and the right to health and food security.
Conclusion: The Non-Maleficent Ethical Rule requires that governments closely monitor producers of GM crops and foods in order to ensure food security and prevent producers from abusing their rights. Therefore, the production of GM crops and foods should not cause harm to the consumer and the environment around him. In addition, the consumer must be aware of the presence of GM foods in order to exercise his or her choice right.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Genetically Modified Food
Food Security
Conflict of Rights

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مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار

بررسی معضلات حقوق مصرف‌کننده مواد غذایی تراریخته از ابعاد سلامتی، اخلاقی و حقوقی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 28، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور 1400
صفحه 431-438

بررسی معضلات حقوق مصرف‌کننده مواد غذایی تراریخته از ابعاد سلامتی، اخلاقی و حقوقی

مراجع

مراجع

دوره 28، شماره 3مرداد و شهریور 1400صفحه 431-438

دوره 28، شماره 3
مرداد و شهریور 1400
صفحه 431-438