نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری رفتار حرکتی- رشد حرکتی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار گروه رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

4 دانشیار گروه فیزیولوژی ورزشی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، واحد شیراز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف  فاکتور نروتروفیک مشتق از مغز (BDNF) یکی از عوامل مؤثر بر کارایی سیستم عصبی و افزایش فرایندهای ذهنی می­باشد که مقدار آن با غنی‌سازی محیطی به‌طور قابل‌توجهی افزایش می­یابد. بنابراین، هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر یک دوره تمرینات اسپارک بر BDNF در کودکان با نشانگان داون و کم‌توان ذهنی آموزش‌پذیر بود.
مواد و روش‌ها 20 دانش‌آموز پسر با نشانگان داون و 20 دانش‌آموز پسر کم‌توان ذهنی 7 تا 9 ساله شهر شیراز، داوطلبانه در این تحقیق نیمه‌تجربی شرکت کردند. آزمودنی­های هر گروه، به‌صورت تصادفی به دو زیرگروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. زیرگروه­های آزمایش، یک برنامه منتخب اسپارک را به مدت 12 هفته و هر هفته 3 جلسه 45 دقیقه‌ای اجرا کردند. زیرگروه‌های کنترل در این برنامه مداخله‌ای شرکت نداشتند. قبل و بعد از تمرینات اسپارک، از تمام آزمودنی‌ها (آزمایش و کنترل) نمونه‌گیری خونی از ورید جلو­بازویی به‌عمل آمد. پس از جداسازی سرم از پلاسما به روش الایزا، سطح BDNF با استفاده از کیت انسانی استبیو­فارم ساخت کشور چین با دقت 0/01نانوگرم/ میلی ­لیتر اندازه‌گیری شد.
یافته­ها نتایج آزمون تحلیل واریانس با اندازه­گیری­های مکرر نشان داد که اثر تعاملی گروه*مرحله معنادار می‌باشد. بررسی‌های بیشتر نشان داد در پیش­آزمون، تفاوت معناداری بین گروه­های چهارگانه در سطوح BDNF وجود ندارد. هرچند در پس‌آزمون، هر دو زیرگروه تجربی (کم‌توان ذهنی و نشانگان داون) بطور معناداری BDNF  بالاتری نسبت به زیرگروه­های کنترل داشتند. همچنین، سطح BDNF در زیرگروه‌های تجربی از پیش به پس­آزمون پیشرفت معناداری نشان داد، در حالی­که در مورد زیرگروه­های کنترل تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. 
نتیجه‌گیری با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان گفت که برنامه منتخب اسپارک باعث افزایش سطح BDNF در کودکان دارای اختلال رشدی می‌شود. هرچند، این برنامه به‌طور یکسانی بر هر دو گروه کم‌توان ذهنی و نشانگان داون، تأثیرگذار بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of SPARK Program on Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Children with developmental disorders (Down Syndrome & intellectual Disability)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Arvin 1
  • Saeed Arsham 2
  • Hassan Rohbanfard 3
  • Mehrzad Moghadasi 4

1 PhD candidate in Motor behavior –Motor development‚ Physical Education and Sport Sciences Department‚ Faculty of Social and Human Sciences‚ Science and Research Branch‚ Islamic Azad University‚ Tehran‚ Iran

2 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences‚ Kharazmi University‚ Tehran‚ Iran

3 Assistant Professor of Motor Behavior Department‚ Faculty of Sport Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University‚ Hamedan‚ Iran

4 Associate Professor of Sport Physiology Department‚ Faculty of Art and Architecture, Shiraz Branch‚ Islamic Azad University‚ Shiraz‚ Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the factors affecting nervous system efficiency and enhancing mental processes, which is significantly increased by environmental enrichment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a SPARK program on BDNF in children with Down’s Syndrome (DS) and those with intellectual disability (ID).
Materials and Methods: Twenty male students with DS and twenty male students with ID, aged 7 to 9 years, in Shiraz voluntarily participated in this quasi-experimental study. The participants in each group were randomly divided into two experimental and control subgroups. Experimental subgroups performed a selected SPARK program 3 sessions of 45 minutes per week for 12 weeks. Control subgroups did not participate in this intervention program.  Blood sample were taken from all groups before and after SPARK program. After separation of serum from plasma by ELISA, BDNF levels were measured with a precision of 0.01 ng / ml using a Chinese Eastbiopharm Kit for human samples .
Results: Analysis of variance (NOVA) with repeated measures showed a significant phase * group interaction. Further analysis showed no significant differences in BDNF level between the four groups in pretest. However, in post-test, both experimental subgroups (DS & ID) had significantly higher BDNF than control subgroups.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be argued that the selected SPARK program increases the level of BDNF in children with developmental disorders. However, the program has equally affected children with Down’s Syndrome and those with intellectual disabilities. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • SPARK Program
  • BDNF
  • Down Syndrome‚ Intellectual Disability
  • Developmental disorders
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