نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد رواشناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی نیشابور، نیشابور، ایران

2 گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران.

چکیده

زمینه  واکنش‌های هیجانی نامناسب مثل اضطراب و افسردگی، در جوامع امروز بسیار مشهود هستند و جامعه پرستاری را درگیر کرده‌اند که می‌توانند بر کیفیت مراقبت‌های بهداشتی در حال ارائه تأثیر بگذارند. با توجه به در معرض خطر بودن بهداشت روانی پرستاران، پژوهش حاضر به بررسی تعیین نقش تعدیل‌کننده همدلی در رابطه سرمایه روان‌شناختی با افسردگی و اضطراب در پرستاران می‌پردازد.
روش کار این پژوهش، پژوهشی اکتشافی از نوع طرح‌های همبستگی است. با توجه به جدول مورگان، تعداد 217 نفر از پرستاران (165 زن و 52 مرد) شاغل در بیمارستان‌های شهر سبزوار در بهار سال 1396 به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه‌های سرمایه روان‌شناختی لوتانز و همکاران (2007)، مقیاس همدلی بارون- کوهن (2003) و مقیاس اضطراب و افسردگی بیمارستانی زیگمون و اسنایت (1983)، استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آزمون ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و تحلیل رگرسیون چندمتغیره تعدیلی به کمک نرم‌افزار spss-22 تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها نتایج نشان دادند که بین سرمایه روانشناختی و افسردگی و اضطراب بیمارستانی در پرستاران، رابطه منفی معناداری وجود دارد (01/0›P). همچنین همدلی در رابطه سرمایه روان‌شناختی با نشانه‌ بالینی اضطراب و افسردگی نقش تعدیل‌کننده دارد (01/0›P).   
نتیجه‌گیری بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که همدلی می‌تواند رابطه سرمایه روان‌شناختی با نشانگان بالینی افسردگی و اضطراب بیمارستانی را تعدیل کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Moderating Effect of Empathy on the Relation Psychological Capital with Depression and Anxiety Among Nurses

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Azad Manjiri 1
  • Ebrahim Namani 2

1 MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Islamic Azad University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran

2 Counseling Associate Professor Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Inappropriate emotional reactions such as anxiety and depression is very evident in today’s societies, affecting and causing too many problems for nurses, then effect on the quality of providing health cares. According to the nurses' exposure to mental health disorders, the purpose of the present research is to study empathy moderating role in relationship between psychological capital with depression and anxiety of nurses.
Materials and Methods: This research is an exploratory research of correlation plans. Based on  Morgan Table were selected 217 subjects of employed nurses (100 male and 117 female) as hospitals of Sabzevar in spring 2018 by available sampling. In order to obtain data, Luthans et al (2007), psychological capital questionnaire, Baron-Cohen empathy(2003), and Anxiety and Depression Scale of  Zigmond  and Snaith Hospital (1983),were used. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analyses by SPSS-22 software.
Results: Findings of the present research showed that there are negative significant relationship between psychological capital and hospital of anxiety and depression of nurses (p<0.01).  also empathy is mediating role in relationship between psychological capital and clinical symptoms of anxiety and depression(p<0.01).
Conclusion: According to the findings of the research, it can be concluded that empathy can be mediated relationship psychological capital and hospital clinical symptoms of depression and anxiety.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Empathy
  • Psychological Capital
  • depression
  • anxiety
[1].    Azad Marzabadi E, Salimi SH. Study on Job Stress in a Military Unit. Journal of Military Medicine. 2005; 6(4): 279-284. (Persian).
[2].    Mohammadi J, Gholamrezaee S,  Aziz A. The Relationship between Religious Orientation and Mental Health among female nurses working in public hospitals of Tabriz in 2014. Journal of Science in Sabzevar. 2015; 22(6): 1080-1087. (Persian).
[3].    Alipoor R, Ebrahimi A, Omidi R,  Hedayati H, Ranjbar H,  Hosseinpour S. Depression, anxiety, stress and related demographic variables in nurses of Valiasr hospital in Fasa University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Pajouhan Scientific Journal. 2015; 13(4): 51-59. (Persian).
[4].    Rajeswari S. Efficacy of progressive muscle relaxation on stress,anxiety and pregnancy outcome among primigravidae [PhD thesis]. India: Sri Ramachandra University; 2013.
[5].    Rafiee B, Akbarzade M, Asadi N, Zare N. [Comparison of attachment and relaxation training effects on anxiety in third trimester and postpartum depression among primipara women]. Journal of Hayat. 2013; 19(1):76-88. (Persian)
[6].    Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Synopsis of psychiatry:behavioral sciences clinical. Poorafkari N (translator). 10th ed. Tehran: Sharab Publisher; 2015. (Persian)
[7].    Tafazoli M, Zaremobini F, Mokhber N, Emami A. [The effects of lavender oil inhalation on level of anxiety during first stage of labor in primigravida women]. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2011; 12(4): 720-6. (Persian).
[8].    Sam ML. Effectiveness of progressive muscle relaxation technique on anxiety. Sinhgad e-Journal of Nursing. 2014; 17(1): 23-5.
[9].    Taghva A, Yazdani A, Ebrahimi MR, Alizadeh K ,Sakhabakhsh. Prevalence of depression in psychiatric nurses and comparison with other parts of the AJA hospitals. Nurse and Physician Within War. 2017 : 23: 1-16. (Persian).
[10]. Fang Y. Burnout and work-family conflict among nurses during the preparation for reevaluation of a grade A tertiary hospital. Chinese Nursing Research. 2017; 4(1): 51-55.
[11]. Sadock BJ, Sadock AV. Synopsis of psychiatry behavior and science clinical psychiatry, 11ed. New York: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2014.
[12]. Halpern JH, Pope Jr HG. Hallucinogens on the Internet: a vast new source of underground drug information. Am J Psychiat. 2001; 158: 481-483.
[13]. Atkinson R, Nolen Hoksema S, Bam D, Smith E, Atkinson R. Hilgard's Introduction to Psychology.  Zamani R., Beik M., Birashk B., Baraheni MT., Shahraray M(translator). 10th ed. Tehran: Roshd; 2015. (Persian).
[14]. Gong Y, Han T, Yin X, Yan G, Zhuang R, Chen Y, Lub Z. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and work-related risk factors among nurses in public hospitals in southern China: A cross-sectional study. Scientific Reports. 2014; 4: 7109.
[15]. Bahadori Khosroshahi J,  Hashemi Nosratabad T, Babapur Kheyroddin J. The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being among the students of Tabriz university. Social Cognition. 2014; 3(2): 54-44. (Persian)
[16]. Luthans F, Avolio BJ, Avey JB, Norman SM. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology. 2007; 60(3): 541–572.
[17]. Avey JB, Reichard RJ, Luthans F, MhatreKH. Meta-analysis of the impact of positive psychological capital on employee attitudes, behaviors, and performance. Human resource development quarterly. 2011; 22 (2): 127-152.
[18]. McKenzie J, Aitken P. Development of Digital Product Catalogue for Enabling Agility in a Manufacturing Organization. Strategic HR Review. 2012; 11: 12-31
[19]. Southwick S, Bonanno GA, Masten A, Panter-Brick C, Yehuda R Resilience definitions, theory, and challenges: interdisciplinary perspectives. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2014; 5: 1–14.
[20]. Bleil ME, Pasch LA, Gregorich SE, Millstein SG, Katz PP, Adler NE. Fertility treatment response: is it better to be more optimistic or less pessimistic? Psychosomatic medicine. 2012; 74(2): 193–199
[21]. Snyder CR. Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry. 2012; 13(4): 249–275.
[22]. Alipor A, Akhondy N, Sarami Foroshany GR, Saffarinia M, Agah Heris M. The Effectiveness of Psychological Capital Intervention model (PCI) on the mental health in the experts working in Iran Khodro Diesel co. Iran Occupational Health. 2012; 10(4): 17-23. (Persian)
[23]. TabatabaiNasab M,  Sabokro M, Fallahi MB. The effect of psychological capital on work engagement with mediating role of work -family conflict among nurses. Quarterly Journal of Nursing Management. 2017; 6(1): 21-30. (Persian)
[24]. Hodges TD. An experimental study of the impact of psychological capital on performance, engagement, and the contagion effect, [Thesis] Dissertation for the degree of doctor of Philosophy. Nebraska: Interdepartmental Area of Business (Management) University of Nebraska – Lincoln;2010
[25]. Bakker DJ, Lyons ST, Conlon PD. An Exploration of the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Depression among First-Year Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Students. J Vet Med Educ. 2017; 44(1): 50-62.
[26]. Estiri M, Nargesian A, Dastpish F, Sharifi M. The impact of psychological capital on mental health among Iranian 
    nurses: considering the mediating role of job burnout. Springerplus. 2016; 5(1): 1377.
[27].     Vossen HGM, Piotrowski JT, Valkenburg PM. Development and Validation of the Adolescent Measure of Empathy and Sympathy (AMES). Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 74: 66-71.
[28].    Marshall WL, Marshall LE, Serran GA, O’Brien MD. Self-esteem, shame, cognitive distortions and empathy in sexual offenders: Their integration and treatment implications. Psychology, Crime & Law. 2009; 15: 217-234.
[29].    Alloway T, Copello E, Loesch M, Soares C, Watkins J, Miller D, Campell G, Tarter A, Law N, Soares C, Ray S. Investigating the reliability and validity of the Multidimensional Emotional Empathy Scale. Measurement. 2016; 90: 438-442.
[30].    Rieffe C, Ketelaar L, Wiefferink CH. Assessing empathy in young children: Construction and validation of an Empathy Questionnaire (EmQue). Personality and individual differences. 2010; 49(5): 362-367.
[31].    Tiwari S, Singh R, Chand H. Spirituality and Psychological Wellbeing of Elderly of Uttarakhand: A Comparative StudyAcross Residential Status. Journal of psycology, 2016; 7(2): 112-118.
[32].    Baezza F, Mirmostafaee M, Akbari A, Abbasi-Asl R. Causal Model for Depression Based on Psychological Capital by Mediating of Hospital Stress and Anxiety in Woman Nurses. Women Health Bull. 2017 ; 4(4): 1-7.
[33].    Johansson GW. Communication between nurse and patient during ventilator treatment: patient reports and RN evaluations. Intensive Critical Care Nursing. 2012; 17: 29-39.
[34].    Joana Duarte, José Pinto-Gouveia & Bárbara Cruz. Relationships between nurses' empathy, self-compassion and dimensions of professional quality of life: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2016; 60:1–11
[35]. Kaviani H, Seyfourian H, Sharifi V, Ebrahimkhani N. Reliability and validity of Anxiety and Depression Hospital Scales (HADS(: Iranian patients with anxiety and depression disorders. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2009; 67(5): 379-385. (Persian)
[36]. Baron-Cohen S, Richler J, Bisarya D, Gurunathan N, Wheelwright S. The systemizing quotient: An investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex difference, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London. 2003; 358: 361-374.
[37]. Abolghasemi A. The Reliability and Validation of the Empathy Quotient Scale for high school students. Quarterly Journal of Psychological Studies. 2009; 5(4): 9-27. (Persian).
[38]. Ziyae B, Mobaraki MH, Saiedioon M. The effect of psychological capital on organizational performance with emphasis On the role of mediator of innovation in information technology( Case Study: Branches of Agricultural Bank of Tehran). Innovation Management. 2014; 3(4): 77-100.
[39]. Krasikova V, Lester PB, Harms P. Effects of Psychological Capital on Mental Health and Substance Abuse. Journal of Leadership &Organizational Studies. 2015; 22(3): 280–291.
[40]. Seligman MEP, Rashid T, Parks AC. Positive psychotherapy, American psychologist. 2006; 61(7): 774-788.
[41]. Schofield G, Beek M. Risk and resilience in long-term foster care. British Journal of Social Work. 2005; 35(8): 128-301.
[42]. Tziner A. The mediating and moderating role of burnout and emotional intelligence in the relationship between organizational justice and work misbehaviorEl papel mediador y moderador del burnout y de la inteligencia emocional en la relación entre la justicia organizacional y el mal comportamiento en el trabajo. Revista de Psicología del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones. 2017; 33(2): 157-164.
[43]. Van der Graaff  J, Branje S, De Wied M, Meeus W. The moderating role of empathy in the association between parental support and adolescent aggressive and delinquent behavior. Aggress Behav. 2012; 38(5): 368-377.
[44]. Sahoo B. Moderating Role of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Capital towards the relationship between Workplace Ostracism and Work attitudes. Thesis] Dissertation for the degree of doctor of Philosophy. Department of Applied Psychology School of Physical, Chemical and Applied Sciences Pondicherry University; 2015.
[45]. Clark L, Chamberlain SR, Sahakian BJ. Neurocognitive mechanisms in depression: implications for treatment. Annual Review of  Neuroscience. 2009; 32: 57-74.
[46]. Bayani M, Goodarzi H. Study of the relationship between psychological well-being and general health among students of Islamic Azad University, AzadShahr Branch, Journal of Knowledge and Research in Psychology. 2006; 35( 36): 164-153. (Persian).
[47]. Bahadori M, Raadabadi M, Teymourzadeh E, Yaghoubi M. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Herzberg Job Motivation Model for workers in the military health organizations of Iran. Journal of Military Medicine. 2015;17(2):65-71. (Persian).