نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم اقتصادی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه روان‌شناسی بالینی، دانشکدة روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

زمینه و هدف: در سال های اخیر مواجهه با وقایع آسیب زا به عنوان یکی از عوامل موثر و تعیین کننده در گرایش افراد به ویژه بزرگسالان جوان به رفتارهای پرخطر معرفی شده اند و از آنجا که رفتارهای پر خطر جنسی جزء رفتارهای پر خطری هستند که می توانند آسیب های جبران ناپذیری برای فرد و جامعه به همراه داشته باشند، مطالعه متغیرهای تعیین کننده و مرتبط با آنها حائز اهمیت می باشد. هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر، بررسی رابطه رفتارهای پر خطر جنسی مربوط به HIV ومواجهه با وقایع آسیب زا در مبتلایان به مصرف مواد می باشد.
مواد و روش ها: این پژوهش از نوع مقطعی- همبستگی بود و بر روی 200 نفر از مبتلایان به مصرف مواد انجام شد. این افراد به مراکز درمان و بازپروری اعتیاد در شیراز مراجعه می کردند که با روش نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار گردآوری داده ها، پرسشنامه رفتارهای پر خطر مربوط به HIV (HIV Risk Behavior Scale) و چک لیست وقایع زندگی(Life Events Checklist) بود. داده ها با استفاده از روش رگرسیون چندگانه به شیوه گام به گام تحلیل شد.
یافته ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد کلیه‌ی ابعاد مواجهه با واقعه آسیب زا با رفتارهای پرخطر جنسی رابطه مثبت معنا‌داری دارند(01/0 P

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Relation between sexual risk behaviors related to HIV and exposure to traumatic events in substance users men

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soodeh Shadkam 1
  • Javad Molazadeh 2
  • Abdolaziz Aflakseir 2

1 Ph.D. student of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Aim and Background: In recent years exposure to traumatic events has been described as one of the most effective and determinant factors in people's attitude (especially young adults) towards high-risk behaviors. Because high-risk behaviors are among the high-risk behaviors that can cause irreparable damage to both the individual and the community, studying the determinants and related variables is important. The purpose of this study was investigating the relationship between sexual risk behaviors related to HIV and exposure to traumatic events in people with substance use.
Materials & Methods: This study was cross-sectional /correlational that was conducted on 200 substance users. These people admitted to addiction treatment and recovery centers in Shiraz that were selected by convenient sampling.The data collection tool was HIV Risky Behavior Scale (HRBS) and Life Events Checklist (LEC). Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression.
Findings: The results showed that all dimensions of exposure to traumatic events have a significant positive relationship with risky sexual behavior (p

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Risky sexual behavior
  • Exposure to traumatic events
  • HIV
  • Substance use
[1]. Ladislav R, Katerina K. Adolescent sexual behavior and the HIV/AIDS risk in the Czech Republic. Revija za sociologiju 2003; 34(3-4): 189-206.
[2]. Ministration of AIDS control, Communicable Diseases Managment Center, Ministry of Health and Medical, Education. Latest Statistics of Infection of HIV/AIDS in Islamic Republic of Iran; 2017. (persian) http://shabakenatanz.mui.ac.ir/sites/shabakenatanz.mui.ac.ir/files/attach_files/Final%20report%20Genral.03.1396-1.pdf
[3]. Natavio TQ. The prevalence of high risk sexually transmitted disease behaviors among homosexual college students. MS Dissertation, Eastern Michigan University; 2007.
[4]. Joshua D, Miller M, Donald L, Rick S, Zimmerman T, Logan K, et al. Personality and Individual Differences. 2004; 36 (7): 1611-26.
[5]. Perkins DF, Borden LM. Positive behaviors, problem behaviors, and resiliency in adolescence. In RM. Lerner, MA. Easterbrooks & J. Mistry (eds.), Handbook of psychology. vol. 6: Developmental psychology. New York: Wiley. 2003; 376-94
[6]. Ganji, M. Abnormal Psychology  based on DSM-5.vol. 1. Tehran: Savalan; 2013. (persian)
[7]. Moroz DLKJ. The Effects of Psychological Trauma on Children and Adolescents: Report Prepared for the Vermont Agency of Human Services. Health M; 2005 June 30, 2005 Contract no: Document Number|.
[8]. Ross CA, Miller SD, Reagor P, Bjornson L, Fraser GA, Anderson G. Structured interview data on 102 cases of multiple personality disorder from four centers. Am J Psychiatry. 1990; 147(5): 596-601.
[9]. Herman JL, Perry JC, Van der Kolk BA. Childhood trauma in borderline personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1989; 146(4):490-5.
[10]. Cerutti R, Manca M, Presaghi F, Gratz KL. Prevalence and clinical correlates of deliberate self-harm among a community sample of Italian adolescents. J Adolesc. 2011; 34(2): 337-47.
[11]. Sugar, M (ed). Trauma and adolescence. Monograph series of the international society for adolescent psychiatry. Madison/Connecticut: International University Press; 1999
[12]. Werner KB. Bucholz KK. The impact of traumatic experiences on risky sexual behaviors in black and white young adult women. Women,s Health Issues. 2018; 28(5): 421-9.
[13]. Moore AA, Overstreet C, Kendler KS, Dick DM, Adkins A, Amstadter AB. Potentially traumatic events, personality and risky sexual behavior in undergraduate college students. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy. 2017; 9(1): 105-12.
[14]. Senn TE, Carey MP, Vanable PA, Coury-Doniger P, Urban MA. Childhood sexual abuse and sexual risk behavior among men and women attending a sexually transmitted disease clinic. J Consult Clinical Psychol. 2006; 74(4):720.
[15]. Muhwezi W, Kinyanda E, Mungherera M, Onyango P, Ngabirano E, Muron J, et al. Vulnerability to high risk sexual behavior (HRSB) following exposure to war trauma as seen in post-conflict communities in eastern uganda: a qualitative study. Confl Health. 2011; 5: 22.
[16]. Razzaghi E, Rahimi Movaghar A, Mohammad K, Hosseini M. A Qualitative Study of Risky Sexual Behavior in Injecting Drug Users in Tehran. sjsph. 2004; 2(2): 1-10. (persian)
[17]. Graves KL, Leigh BC. The relationship of substance use to sexual activity among young adults in the united states. Family Planning Perspectives.1995; 27(1): 18-22.
[18]. Ross WM, Williams ML. Sexual behavior and illicit drug use. Annu Rev Sex Res. 2001; 12, 290-310.
[19]. McKirnan DJ, Ostrow DG, Hope B. Sex, drugs and escape: a psychological model of HIV-risk sexual behaviours. AIDS Care. 1996; 8(6): 655-69.
[20]. Folstein MF, Folstein S, McHugh PR. Mini-mental state: A practical methodfor grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of PsychiatricResearch. 1975; 12(3): 189-98.
[21]. First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB W. Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders-Patient edition (SCIP-I/P, Version 2.0). New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1996.
[22]. Blake DD, Weathers FW, Nagy LM, Kaloupek DG, Gusman FD, Charney DS, et al. The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale. J Trauma Stress 1995; 8: 75-90.
[23]. Bae H, Kim D, Koh H, Kim Y, Park JS. Psychometric properties of the life events checklist-korean version. Psychiatry Investig. 2008; 5(3): 163-67.
[24]. Shadkam S, Mollazadeh J, Yavari AM. Examine the mediating role of emotion regulatiodifficulties in the relationship between exposure to potentially traumatic events and risky sexual behavior in substance abusers. Yafteh Quarterly Reaserch J. 2017; 18(3): 78-87. (persian)
[25]. Darke S, Hall W, Heather N, Ward J, Wodak A. The reliability and validity of a scale to measure HIV risk-taking behaviour among intravenous drug users. AIDS. 1991; 5(2): 181-5.
[26]. Ward J, Dark Sh, Hall W. The HIV risk taking behavior scale (HRBS) manual. Sydney: National Drug and Alcohol Research Center; 1990.
[27]. Chimbetete M, Gwandure C. Impact of a Workplace-based HIV and AIDS risk reduction training intervention. Journal of Human Ecology. 2011; 35(1): 11-19.
[28]. Petry NM. Reliability of drug users self- reported HIV risk behaviors using a brief 11 item scale. Subst Use Misuse. 2001; 36(12): 1731-47.
[29]. Tull MT, Weiss NH, McDermott MJ. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Impulsive And Risky Behavior: An Overview And Discussion of Potential Mechanisms. Springer; New York, NY: in press; 2016.
[30]. Khuram, H. The relationship between stressful life events and risky sexual behavior. Undergraduate Research Posters. Poster 181; 2015. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/uresposters/181/
[31]. Bensley LS, Van Eenwyk J, Simmons KW. Self-reported childhood sexual and physical abuse and adult HIV-risk behaviors and heavy drinking. Am J Prev Med. 2000; 18(2): 151-8.
[32]. DiIorio C, Hartwell T, Hansen N. Childhood sexual abuse and risk behaviors among men at high risk for HIV infection. Am J Pub Health. 2002; 92(2): 214.
[33]. Randolph M, Mosack K. Factors mediating the effects of childhood sexual abuse on risky sexual behavior among college women. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality. 2006; 1(1): 23-41.
[34]. Jinich S, Paul JP, Stall R, Acree M, Kegeles S, Hoff C, et al. Childhood sexual abuse and HIV risk-taking behavior among gay and bisexual men. AIDS Behav. 1998; 2(1): 41-51.
[35]. Simoni JM, Sehgal S, Walters KL. Triangle of risk: urban American Indian women’s sexual trauma, injection drug use, and HIV sexual risk behaviors. AIDS Behav. 2004; 8(1): 33-45.
[36]. Ben-Zur H, Zeidner M. Threat to life and risk-taking behaviors: a review of empirical findings and explanatory models. Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2009; 13(2): 109-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868308330104 PMID: 19193927
[37]. Rheingold AA, Acierno R, Resnick HS. Trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and health risk behaviors. In: Schnurr PP, Green BL, editors. Trauma and health: Physical health consequences of exposure to extreme stress. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2004. 217-43.
[38]. McKirnan, DJ, Ostrow DG, Hope B. Sex, drugs and escape: A psychological model of HIV-risk sexual behaviours. AIDS Care. 1996; 8(6): 655-69.
[39]. Finkelhor D, Browne A. The traumatic impact of  child sexual  abuse: A Conceptualization. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 1985; 55(4): 530-41. 
[40]. Van der Kolk BA. The complexity of adaptation to trauma, selfregulation, stimulus discrimination, and charecterological development. in: Van der Kolk A, Farlane M, Weisaeth L, editors. Traumatic stress: the effect of over whelming experience on mind, body and society. New York: Guilford; 1996. 189-213.