نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

2 دکترای روان‌شناسی، گروه روان‌شناسی، دانشکدة علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران

چکیده

اهداف: اختلالات تغذیه و خوردن با اختلالات پایدار در خوردن یا رفتارهای مربوط به خوردن مشخص می‌شوند که منجر به آسیب قابل توجه در سلامت جسمی و عملکرد روانی- اجتماعی میگردند. پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین اثربخشی درمان متمرکز بر شفقت بر بهبود نشانگان افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس و خودکارآمدی وزن در زنان مبتلا به اختلال خوردن (طیف محدود کننده) انجام شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در یک طرح نیمه تجربی از نوع پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل، تعداد 30 نفر از دانشجویان دختر مشغول به تحصیل دانشگاه کردستان در سال‌تحصیلی 95-94 که از نقطه برش معلوم شده در مقیاس محدودیت در غذا خوردن نمرات متوسط رو به بالایی اخذ کرده بودند، پس از ارزیابی بالینی اولیه و احراز شرایط پژوهش، به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (درمان متمرکز بر شفقت، 15 نفر) و کنترل (15 نفر) گماشته شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش شامل پرسشنامه افسردگی، اضطراب و استرس، و مقیاس سبک زندگی مبتنی بر خودکارآمدی وزن بود. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش آماری تحلیل کوواریانس چند متغیری (MANCOVA)استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج درمانی بر روی گروه آزمایش پس از دریافت 8 جلسه درمان متمرکز بر شفقت نشان داد که این درمان موجب کاهش معنی‌دار در علایم افسردگی(001/0P

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy on depression, anxiety, stress, and weight self-efficacy in patients with eating disorder

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Taher Pour 1
  • Ahmad Sohrabi 2
  • Mehdi Zemestani 2

1 M. A of Clinical Psychology, University of Kurdistan

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Kurdistan

چکیده [English]

Abstract
Aims: Eating disorders are characterized by persistent eating disorders or eating behaviors that leading to significant damage on physical and psychosocial function. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of compassion-focused therapy on improving symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress and weight self-efficacy in women with eating disorders (restrictive type).
Materials & Methods: In a quasi-experimental design pretest-posttest control group design, a total of 30 girls of University of Kurdistan at the year between 2014-2015 who had higher range at determined cut-off point in Revised Rigid Restraint Scale, after initial clinical assessment and qualifications of the study, purposive sampling method selected and randomly assigned to two experimental (Compassion-Focused Therapy, n=15) and control groups (n=15). Data collection tools were Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS), and Weight Efficacy Lifestyle Scale (WELS) that subjects before and after the intervention were assessed by this tool. In order to analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used.
Results: Outcome of the experimental group received 8 sessions focused therapy showed that treatment focused on compassion have effect on improving depression (F=93.15, P

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • compassion-focused therapy
  • eating disorder
  • depression
  • anxiety
  • stress
[1].   Ozier AD, Henry BW. American Dietetic Association. Position of the nutrition intervention in the treatment of Anorexia a nervosa, bulimia, and other eating disorders. J Am Diet Assoc 2006; 106(12): 2073-82.
[2].   Collins A. Statistics on eating disorders. from http:www. Annecollins. Com/eating disorders/statistics.Html. Retrieved October 2005; 26.
[3].   Engelsen BK, Laberg JC. A comparison of three questionnaires (EAT-12, EDI, and EDE-Q) for assessment of eating problems in healthy female adolescents. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2001; 55(2): 129-35.
[4].   Nobakht M, Dezhkam M. An epidemiological study of eating disorders in Iran. International Journal of Eating Disorders 2000; 28(3): 265-71. (Persian)
[5].   Rasuli S. The relationships of perfectionism personality and body image. Tehran; Tehran university, moc, factulty of education psychology; 2008. (Persian)
[6].   Vansteelandt K, Probst M, Pieters G. Assessing affective variability in eating disorders: Affect spins less in anorexia nervosa of the restrictive type. Eating behaviors 2013 Aug 1; 14(3): 263-68.
[7].   Webb JB. a Forman MJ... Evaluating the indirect effect of self-compassion on binge eating severity throughcognitive–affective self-regulatory pathways. Eating behaviors 2013; 14: 224-28.
[8].   Dutoon GR, Martin PD, Rhode PC, Brantley PJ. Use of the weight lifestyle questionnaire with African American: validation and extension of previous finding. journal of Eating behavior 2004; 5: 375-84.
[9].   Safer DL, Robinson AH, Jo B. Outcome from a Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Therapy for eating disorder. Behavior Therapy 2010; 41: 106 -120.
[10].Neff KD, Vonk R.  Self-Compassion Versus Global Self-esteem: Two Different Ways of Relating to Oneself. Journal of personality and social psychology 2003; 84(4): 822-48.
[11].Gilbert P.  Compassion:  Conceptualization, Research and use in Psychotherapy. New York: Routledge Publication 2005.
[12].Gilbert P.  The Compassionate Mind:  A New Approach to Life’s Challenges. Constable-Robinson 2009.
[13].Neff KD, Pommier E. The relationship between self-compassion and other-focused concern among college undergraduates, community adults, and practicing mediators. Self and Identity 2013; 12: 160-176.
[14].Hoffmann SG., Grossman P, Hinton DE. Loving-kindness and compassion meditation: Potential for psychological intervention. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 1126–1132. doi:10. cpr.2011.07.003.
[15].Kelly AC et al. "Self-compassion moderates the relationship between body mass index and both eating disorder pathology and body image flexibility." Body image 2014; 11(4): 446-53.
[16].Saeedi Z, Ghorbani N, Sarafraz M, Sharifian M. The effect of inducing self-compassion and self-esteem on the level of the experience of shame and guilt. Contemporary Psychology 2013, 8(1): 91-102. (Persian)
[17].Adams CE, Leary MR. "Promoting self-compassionate attitudes toward eating among restrictive and guilty eaters." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 2007; 26(10): 1120-44.
[18].Clark MM, Abrams DB, Niaura RS, Eaton CA, Rossi JS. Self-efficacy in weight management. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology 1991; 59(5):739.
[19].Navidian A, Abedi MR, Baghban I, Fatehizade MS, Poursharifi H. Reliability and validity of the weight efficacy lifestyle questionnaire in overweight and obese individuals. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2009; 3(3): 217-22.
[20].Lebow J, Sim LA, Kransdorf LN. Prevalence of a history of overweight and obesity in adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. Journal of Adolescent Health 2015; 56(1): 19-24.
[21].Kelly AC, Vimalakanthan K, Carter JC. Understanding the roles of self-esteem, self-compassion, and fear of self-compassion in eating disorder pathology: An examination of female students and eating disorder patients. Eating behaviors 2014 Aug 1; 15(3): 388-91.
[22].Neff KD, McGehee P. Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and identity 2010; 9(3): 225-40.
[23].Zemestani M, Ottaviani C. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based relapse prevention for co-occurring substance use and depression disorders. Mindfulness 2016; 7(6): 1347-55.
[24].Yarnell LM, Neff KD. Self-compassion, interpersonal conflict resolutions, and well-being. Self and Identity 2013; 12(2): 146-59.
[25].Zemestani M, Imani M, Ottaviani C. A Preliminary Investigation on the Effectiveness of Unified and Transdiagnostic Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Patients With Comorbid Depression and Anxiety. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 2017; 10(2): 175-85.
[26].Wadsworth LP, Forgeard M, Hsu KJ, Kertz S, Treadway M, Björgvinsson T. Examining the Role of Repetitive Negative Thinking in Relations Between Positive and Negative Aspects of Self-compassion and Symptom Improvement During Intensive Treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2018; 42(3): 236-49.
[27].Zemestani M, Davoodi I, Honarmand MM, Zargar Y, Ottaviani C. Comparative effects of group metacognitive therapy versus behavioural activation in moderately depressed students. Journal of Mental Health 2016; 25(6): 479-85.
[28].Leary MR, Tate EB, Adams CE, Batts Allen A, Hancock J. Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: the implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of personality and social psychology 2007; 92(5): 887.
[29].Neff KD, Kirkpatrick KL, Rude SS. Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of research in personality 2007; 41(1): 139-54.
[30].Tylka TL, Russell HL, Neal AA. Self-compassion as a moderator of thinness-related pressures' associations with thin-ideal internalization and disordered eating. Eating behaviors 2015; 17: 23-26.
[31].Schoenefeld SJ, Webb JB. Self-compassion and intuitive eating in college women: Examining the contributions of distress tolerance and body image acceptance and action. Eating Behaviors 2013; 14(4): 493-96.
[32].Ferreira C, Pinto-Gouveia J, Duarte C. Self-compassion in the face of shame and body image dissatisfaction: Implications for eating disorders. Eating behaviors 2013; 14(2): 207-10.
[33].Beck AT, Rush AJ, Shaw BF et al. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. John Wiley & Sons 1979.
[34].Bennett-Goleman, T. Emotional alchemy: How the mind can heal the heart. New York: Three Rivers Press 2001.
[35].Gilbert P, Irons C. Focused therapies and compassionate mind training for shame and self-attacking. Compassion: Conceptualizations, research and use in psychotherapy 2005; 263-325.
[36].Presnell K, Pells J, Stout A, Musante G. Sex differences in the relation of weight loss self-efficacy, binge eating, and depressive symptoms to weight loss success in a residential obesity treatment program. Eating behaviors 2008; 9(2): 170-80.
[37].Fontaine KR, Cheskin L. Self- efficacy, attendance, and weight loss in obesity treatment. Addictive behaviors, 1998; 22(4), (pp. 567-70). Abstract retrieved from http;// www,sciencedirect.com.